Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0193

Abstract

Abstract:

As the byproduct of agricultural production, crop straw is an important renewable resource. Previous studies have shown that the main component of crop straw is lignocellulose. Some microorganisms such as bacteria and fungi can produce certain enzymes that are capable to degrade lignocellulose. The present study summarized the types and degradation mechanisms of lignocellulose-degrading enzymes, and reviewed the reported microbial species which could degrade rice, wheat and corn straw. In addition, this study analyzed the shortcomings of the identified single microorganism strain and microbial complex for commercial application, and discussed the perspectives and directions of future research. The review will provide reference for screening novel high-quality lignocellulose degradation microorganisms and developing cellulose-degrading microorganisms for resource utilization of crop straw.

Key words: crop straw, lignocellulose, microorganism, degradation, enzyme

ZHANG Gen, CHEN Baorui, CHEN Tao, XIE Yiyin, XUE Yinghao, WEI Zheng. Research Progress on Enzymes and Microorganisms for Biodegradation of Lignocelluloses from Crop Straw[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(2): 24-32.

Figures/Tables 3

References 86

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木质纤维素	酶	功能	参考文献
木质素	漆酶	底物氧化、脱羧和去甲基化	[15⇓⇓-18]
	木质素过氧化物酶	在共底物H₂O₂存在下氧化底物	[19⇓-21]
	锰过氧化物酶	将Mn²⁺氧化成Mn³⁺，生成Mn³⁺螯合物，进而氧化酚类底物	[22-23]
	多功能过氧化物酶	催化电子从底物转移	[24⇓-26]
纤维素	纤维素内切酶	催化纤维素无定形区域内键的水解	[27]
	纤维素外切酶	催化纤维素还原链末端	[28-29]
	β-葡萄糖苷酶	水解纤维素二糖	[30⇓⇓⇓-34]
半纤维素	木聚糖酶	裂解木聚糖的主链	[35]
	阿拉伯糖苷酶	水解L-阿拉伯糖残基	[36]
	甘露聚糖酶	水解甘露聚糖	[37-38]
	半乳糖苷酶	水解甘露聚糖上的侧链	[37-38]

木质纤维素	酶	功能	参考文献
木质素	漆酶	底物氧化、脱羧和去甲基化	[15⇓⇓-18]
	木质素过氧化物酶	在共底物H₂O₂存在下氧化底物	[19⇓-21]
	锰过氧化物酶	将Mn²⁺氧化成Mn³⁺，生成Mn³⁺螯合物，进而氧化酚类底物	[22-23]
	多功能过氧化物酶	催化电子从底物转移	[24⇓-26]
纤维素	纤维素内切酶	催化纤维素无定形区域内键的水解	[27]
	纤维素外切酶	催化纤维素还原链末端	[28-29]
	β-葡萄糖苷酶	水解纤维素二糖	[30⇓⇓⇓-34]
半纤维素	木聚糖酶	裂解木聚糖的主链	[35]
	阿拉伯糖苷酶	水解L-阿拉伯糖残基	[36]
	甘露聚糖酶	水解甘露聚糖	[37-38]
	半乳糖苷酶	水解甘露聚糖上的侧链	[37-38]

农作物秸秆	菌种	来源	降解特性	参考文献
水稻秸秆	Cladosporium sp. BD-19	农田土	半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为16.64%、26.42%、11.43%	[40]
	戴氏霉H57.1和H08.1	真菌资源研究所	兼容实验证实两菌株无拮抗反应，30天混合发酵致秸秆失重率达55.7%	[41]
	芽孢杆菌B-7和B-11	堆肥	秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活在65’80℃之间表现优异，可用于高温堆肥	[42]
	复合菌系	森林土	在15℃，20天内的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为71.7%、65.6%、12.5%	[43]
	复合菌系	棉田土和牛粪	12天内稻杆失重率86.9%，半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为97.1%、86.4%、70.3%	[44]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	分离的RUFR60菌系酶活最高，其纤维素酶、MnP、漆酶活性分别为(1.1±0.05)、(1.4624±0.09)、(0.0674±0.01) U/mL	[45]
小麦秸秆	Coriolus versicolor	林场	pH 3.0、培养温度30℃、碳源添加量15 g/L，MnP达430.9 U/L	[46]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	微生物研究所	漆酶活力1428 U/L（第4天），MnP酶活15.45 U/L（第5天）	[47]
	白腐真菌	研究所	白腐真菌在小麦秸秆上生长期间优先降解木质素，而对纤维素含量无影响	[48]
	Aspergillus niger Gyx086	土壤	该菌对麦秆的水解几乎不受麦秆结晶度干扰，60 h后可完全水解木质素	[49]
	Streptomyces sp. MS-S2	白蚁肠道	木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性为(6.560±0.160) U/mL和(0.866±0.067) U/mL	[50]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	发酵3个月，96%的纤维素和半纤维素、42%的木质素得以分解	[51]
	Irpex lacteus	微生物保藏中心	麦秆失重率、半纤维素、纤维素降解率分别为22%、46%、20%	[52]
玉米秸秆	Streptomyces rishiriensis GS-4-21	寒地黑土	滤纸酶活、纤维素外切酶活、纤维素内切酶活、β-糖苷酶酶活分别为(11.94±0.51)、(12.07±0.43)、(32.94±0.83)、(30.87±1.04) U/mL	[53]
	Coprinus comatus	土壤	漆酶、LiP、MnP、木聚糖酶、CMCase酶活为4.86、1.33、2.96、18.22、3.57 U/mL	[54]
	Penicillium oxalicum	土壤	10℃下，CMCase酶活为993.3 U/mL，秸秆降解率为39.5%	[55]
	Penicillium sp. SW-3	土壤和腐木	20℃下，CMCase酶活为92.4 U/mL，该酶最大活性温度70℃	[56]
	尖孢镰刀菌	土壤	真菌菌株Z_2-6和Z_3-5，液体发酵15天后，秸秆降解率分别是59.43%、59.13%	[57]
	复合菌系	土壤	对玉米秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为17.0%、85.1%、34.4%	[58]
	复合菌系	实验室筛选	培养15天，木质素、纤维素、半纤维素降解率分别为32.30%、44.85%、43.84%	[59]
	混合真菌	微生物保藏中心	11天后，玉米秸秆纤维素、木质素降解率分别达到36.80%、28.87%	[60]
	真菌复合菌系	土壤	复合菌系的秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活力均高于各单一菌株	[61]
	复合菌系		滤纸酶活性(FPA)为32.96 U/mL，玉米秸秆降解率为47.56%	[62]

农作物秸秆	菌种	来源	降解特性	参考文献
水稻秸秆	Cladosporium sp. BD-19	农田土	半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为16.64%、26.42%、11.43%	[40]
	戴氏霉H57.1和H08.1	真菌资源研究所	兼容实验证实两菌株无拮抗反应，30天混合发酵致秸秆失重率达55.7%	[41]
	芽孢杆菌B-7和B-11	堆肥	秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活在65’80℃之间表现优异，可用于高温堆肥	[42]
	复合菌系	森林土	在15℃，20天内的纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为71.7%、65.6%、12.5%	[43]
	复合菌系	棉田土和牛粪	12天内稻杆失重率86.9%，半纤维素、纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为97.1%、86.4%、70.3%	[44]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	分离的RUFR60菌系酶活最高，其纤维素酶、MnP、漆酶活性分别为(1.1±0.05)、(1.4624±0.09)、(0.0674±0.01) U/mL	[45]
小麦秸秆	Coriolus versicolor	林场	pH 3.0、培养温度30℃、碳源添加量15 g/L，MnP达430.9 U/L	[46]
	Pleurotus ostreatus	微生物研究所	漆酶活力1428 U/L（第4天），MnP酶活15.45 U/L（第5天）	[47]
	白腐真菌	研究所	白腐真菌在小麦秸秆上生长期间优先降解木质素，而对纤维素含量无影响	[48]
	Aspergillus niger Gyx086	土壤	该菌对麦秆的水解几乎不受麦秆结晶度干扰，60 h后可完全水解木质素	[49]
	Streptomyces sp. MS-S2	白蚁肠道	木聚糖酶和纤维素酶活性为(6.560±0.160) U/mL和(0.866±0.067) U/mL	[50]
	复合菌系	瘤胃	发酵3个月，96%的纤维素和半纤维素、42%的木质素得以分解	[51]
	Irpex lacteus	微生物保藏中心	麦秆失重率、半纤维素、纤维素降解率分别为22%、46%、20%	[52]
玉米秸秆	Streptomyces rishiriensis GS-4-21	寒地黑土	滤纸酶活、纤维素外切酶活、纤维素内切酶活、β-糖苷酶酶活分别为(11.94±0.51)、(12.07±0.43)、(32.94±0.83)、(30.87±1.04) U/mL	[53]
	Coprinus comatus	土壤	漆酶、LiP、MnP、木聚糖酶、CMCase酶活为4.86、1.33、2.96、18.22、3.57 U/mL	[54]
	Penicillium oxalicum	土壤	10℃下，CMCase酶活为993.3 U/mL，秸秆降解率为39.5%	[55]
	Penicillium sp. SW-3	土壤和腐木	20℃下，CMCase酶活为92.4 U/mL，该酶最大活性温度70℃	[56]
	尖孢镰刀菌	土壤	真菌菌株Z_2-6和Z_3-5，液体发酵15天后，秸秆降解率分别是59.43%、59.13%	[57]
	复合菌系	土壤	对玉米秸秆中纤维素、半纤维素、木质素的降解率分别为17.0%、85.1%、34.4%	[58]
	复合菌系	实验室筛选	培养15天，木质素、纤维素、半纤维素降解率分别为32.30%、44.85%、43.84%	[59]
	混合真菌	微生物保藏中心	11天后，玉米秸秆纤维素、木质素降解率分别达到36.80%、28.87%	[60]
	真菌复合菌系	土壤	复合菌系的秸秆降解能力和纤维素酶活力均高于各单一菌株	[61]
	复合菌系		滤纸酶活性(FPA)为32.96 U/mL，玉米秸秆降解率为47.56%	[62]