Responses of Light Energy and Nitrogen Spatial Distribution, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation to Increased Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0147

Abstract

Abstract:

To explore the effects of densification on the distribution of light andnitrogen, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and output value of flue-cured tobacco canopy in Shaoguan tobacco-growing area, four densities (M₁:10500 plants/hm², M₂:13500 plants/hm², M₃:16500 plants/hm², M₄:19500 plants /hm²) of ‘Yueyan 97’ were set to determine the light resources and nitrogen distribution, pigment content, dry matter accumulation and economic properties of different canopy. The results showed that with the increase of density, the light transmittal rate of different canopy decreased and the chlorophyll content was increased. Compared with M₁ treatment, the upper leaf chlorophyll of M₄ treatment increased by 26.31% at 80d, and the increase of Chlb was greater than that of Chla. Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen are important indexes of crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism. As density increased, photosynthetic rate of tobacco plant decreased, compared with M₁ treatment, the upper leaves of M₄ treatment decreased by 32.16% to 35.83%. The Ci, Tr and Gs increased first and then decreased, while nitrogen concentration showed a decreasing trend, but there was no significant difference between middle and upper leaves of M₄, M₃ and M₂ treatment at different periods. When the density was 16500 plants/hm², the dry matter accumulation in leaf organs of ‘Yueyan 97’ reached the maximum, and the highest yield and economic benefit were obtained. Compared with the density of 10500 plants/hm², the yield and output value were significantly increased. Reasonable dense planting of ‘Yueyan 97’ could resist the decline of photosynthetic rate under weak light stress by reducing chlorophyll degradation and improving nitrogen distribution in middle and upper leaves, promoted the dry matter accumulation ability of tobacco plant population, and obtained higher tobacco yield and output value.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, planting density, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter, light energy and nitrogen spatial distribution

ZONG Zhaohui, WANG Han, LI Jincheng, ZHAO Weicai, DENG Wenjun, WANG Wei, YU Chunqiang, WANG Jun. Responses of Light Energy and Nitrogen Spatial Distribution, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation to Increased Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(8): 16-23.

Figures/Tables 6

References 29

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测定时间/d	处理	上部叶				中部叶				下部叶
测定时间/d	处理	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b
60	M₁	1.649c	1.136b	0.324a	1.452a	2.278b	1.691c	0.462a	1.347a	2.601c	1.719b	0.489a	1.513a
	M₂	1.651c	1.141b	0.321ab	1.447a	2.341b	1.711c	0.453a	1.368a	2.671c	1.813b	0.468b	1.473ab
	M₃	1.762b	1.359a	0.316bc	1.340b	2.456a	1.897b	0.432b	1.295b	2.789b	1.926ab	0.461bc	1.448bc
	M₄	1.891a	1.467a	0.308c	1.339b	2.517a	2.016a	0.416b	1.249b	2.901a	2.078a	0.448c	1.396c
70	M₁	1.479c	1.014c	0.271a	1.459a	2.011c	1.571b	0.402a	1.280a	2.110c	1.666c	0.423a	1.267a
	M₂	1.560c	1.098c	0.260b	1.421a	2.141b	1.643b	0.390ab	1.303a	2.190c	1.679c	0.395ab	1.272a
	M₃	1.678b	1.234b	0.253c	1.360b	2.349a	1.823a	0.377b	1.232b	2.254b	1.819b	0.372b	1.239b
	M₄	1.799a	1.347a	0.257c	1.336b	2.465a	1.846a	0.371b	1.209b	2.561a	2.043a	0.362b	1.208c
80	M₁	0.915b	0.896d	0.206a	1.021a	0.921c	1.147c	0.196a	0.803a	0.692b	0.643c	0.177a	1.076a
	M₂	0.930b	1.020c	0.190b	0.912b	0.940c	1.154c	0.190ab	0.815a	0.705b	0.657c	0.169b	1.073a
	M₃	0.967b	1.109b	0.188b	0.872b	1.012b	1.312b	0.188b	0.771ab	0.721ab	0.712b	0.166b	1.013b
	M₄	1.084a	1.231a	0.178c	0.881b	1.121a	1.491a	0.186b	0.752b	0.746a	0.815a	0.164b	0.915c
90	M₁	0.560b	0.652c	0.175a	0.859a	0.444c	0.767c	0.165a	0.579a	0.447c	0.582c	0.112a	0.768a
	M₂	0.580bc	0.691b	0.170ab	0.839ab	0.457c	0.796c	0.160ab	0.574ab	0.457c	0.616c	0.109a	0.742ab
	M₃	0.612ab	0.742a	0.165bc	0.825ab	0.524b	0.862b	0.157bc	0.555b	0.584b	0.675b	0.108a	0.717bc
	M₄	0.638a	0.789a	0.161c	0.809b	0.584a	0.923a	0.153c	0.554b	0.629a	0.767a	0.109a	0.690c

测定时间/d	处理	上部叶				中部叶				下部叶
测定时间/d	处理	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b	Chl a	Chl b	Cars	Chl a/b
60	M₁	1.649c	1.136b	0.324a	1.452a	2.278b	1.691c	0.462a	1.347a	2.601c	1.719b	0.489a	1.513a
	M₂	1.651c	1.141b	0.321ab	1.447a	2.341b	1.711c	0.453a	1.368a	2.671c	1.813b	0.468b	1.473ab
	M₃	1.762b	1.359a	0.316bc	1.340b	2.456a	1.897b	0.432b	1.295b	2.789b	1.926ab	0.461bc	1.448bc
	M₄	1.891a	1.467a	0.308c	1.339b	2.517a	2.016a	0.416b	1.249b	2.901a	2.078a	0.448c	1.396c
70	M₁	1.479c	1.014c	0.271a	1.459a	2.011c	1.571b	0.402a	1.280a	2.110c	1.666c	0.423a	1.267a
	M₂	1.560c	1.098c	0.260b	1.421a	2.141b	1.643b	0.390ab	1.303a	2.190c	1.679c	0.395ab	1.272a
	M₃	1.678b	1.234b	0.253c	1.360b	2.349a	1.823a	0.377b	1.232b	2.254b	1.819b	0.372b	1.239b
	M₄	1.799a	1.347a	0.257c	1.336b	2.465a	1.846a	0.371b	1.209b	2.561a	2.043a	0.362b	1.208c
80	M₁	0.915b	0.896d	0.206a	1.021a	0.921c	1.147c	0.196a	0.803a	0.692b	0.643c	0.177a	1.076a
	M₂	0.930b	1.020c	0.190b	0.912b	0.940c	1.154c	0.190ab	0.815a	0.705b	0.657c	0.169b	1.073a
	M₃	0.967b	1.109b	0.188b	0.872b	1.012b	1.312b	0.188b	0.771ab	0.721ab	0.712b	0.166b	1.013b
	M₄	1.084a	1.231a	0.178c	0.881b	1.121a	1.491a	0.186b	0.752b	0.746a	0.815a	0.164b	0.915c
90	M₁	0.560b	0.652c	0.175a	0.859a	0.444c	0.767c	0.165a	0.579a	0.447c	0.582c	0.112a	0.768a
	M₂	0.580bc	0.691b	0.170ab	0.839ab	0.457c	0.796c	0.160ab	0.574ab	0.457c	0.616c	0.109a	0.742ab
	M₃	0.612ab	0.742a	0.165bc	0.825ab	0.524b	0.862b	0.157bc	0.555b	0.584b	0.675b	0.108a	0.717bc
	M₄	0.638a	0.789a	0.161c	0.809b	0.584a	0.923a	0.153c	0.554b	0.629a	0.767a	0.109a	0.690c

部位	处理	Pn/[mmol/(M₂·s)]			Gs/[mmol/(M₂·s)]			Ci/(μmol/μmol)			Tr/[μmol/(M₂·s)]
部位	处理	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期
上部叶	M₁	22.76a	24.07a	22.63a	321.00b	381.07a	367.07a	406.10a	372.67a	362.82a	3.64c	3.45b	3.87c
	M₂	22.34a	23.85a	21.96a	420.00a	452.31a	432.48a	411.11a	380.33a	327.00ab	5.49b	5.40a	5.58b
	M₃	18.30b	19.80b	17.21b	400.33a	433.46a	407.05a	357.47b	339.67a	319.45bc	6.74a	6.04a	6.78a
	M₄	15.67b	16.51c	14.52c	159.90c	201.56b	233.80b	343.98b	314.67b	280.63c	4.10c	3.51b	4.14c
中部叶	M₁	17.85a	19.65a	16.81a	290.00a	302.39a	253.30ab	350.06a	324.33a	311.74a	4.39b	4.16b	5.53ab
	M₂	17.56a	18.63a	15.94a	310.00a	324.08a	302.10a	352.22a	313.33a	239.47c	4.77b	4.10b	4.92b
	M₃	13.31b	14.35b	11.88b	265.83a	345.46a	284.43a	323.15a	310.00a	267.53b	5.83a	5.45a	6.11a
	M₄	12.48b	12.78c	11.36b	110.43b	112.48b	170.51b	238.93b	235.33b	233.65c	3.31c	2.70c	3.60c
下部叶	M₁	13.97a	15.50a	12.60a	268.00a	280.36a	227.43a	361.40a	316.00a	304.81a	4.55b	4.24b	4.69b
	M₂	13.50a	15.30a	12.29a	189.40ab	247.33a	205.59a	292.92b	265.56b	232.47b	5.92a	5.68a	6.07a
	M₃	11.84b	13.76b	10.89ab	135.40bc	155.59b	122.12b	225.00c	193.33c	120.36c	3.18c	2.90c	3.36c
	M₄	11.42b	12.99b	10.28b	74.80c	140.39b	82.07b	225.05c	205.00bc	163.81c	1.95d	1.29d	2.00d

部位	处理	Pn/[mmol/(M₂·s)]			Gs/[mmol/(M₂·s)]			Ci/(μmol/μmol)			Tr/[μmol/(M₂·s)]
部位	处理	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期	现蕾期	圆顶期	成熟期
上部叶	M₁	22.76a	24.07a	22.63a	321.00b	381.07a	367.07a	406.10a	372.67a	362.82a	3.64c	3.45b	3.87c
	M₂	22.34a	23.85a	21.96a	420.00a	452.31a	432.48a	411.11a	380.33a	327.00ab	5.49b	5.40a	5.58b
	M₃	18.30b	19.80b	17.21b	400.33a	433.46a	407.05a	357.47b	339.67a	319.45bc	6.74a	6.04a	6.78a
	M₄	15.67b	16.51c	14.52c	159.90c	201.56b	233.80b	343.98b	314.67b	280.63c	4.10c	3.51b	4.14c
中部叶	M₁	17.85a	19.65a	16.81a	290.00a	302.39a	253.30ab	350.06a	324.33a	311.74a	4.39b	4.16b	5.53ab
	M₂	17.56a	18.63a	15.94a	310.00a	324.08a	302.10a	352.22a	313.33a	239.47c	4.77b	4.10b	4.92b
	M₃	13.31b	14.35b	11.88b	265.83a	345.46a	284.43a	323.15a	310.00a	267.53b	5.83a	5.45a	6.11a
	M₄	12.48b	12.78c	11.36b	110.43b	112.48b	170.51b	238.93b	235.33b	233.65c	3.31c	2.70c	3.60c
下部叶	M₁	13.97a	15.50a	12.60a	268.00a	280.36a	227.43a	361.40a	316.00a	304.81a	4.55b	4.24b	4.69b
	M₂	13.50a	15.30a	12.29a	189.40ab	247.33a	205.59a	292.92b	265.56b	232.47b	5.92a	5.68a	6.07a
	M₃	11.84b	13.76b	10.89ab	135.40bc	155.59b	122.12b	225.00c	193.33c	120.36c	3.18c	2.90c	3.36c
	M₄	11.42b	12.99b	10.28b	74.80c	140.39b	82.07b	225.05c	205.00bc	163.81c	1.95d	1.29d	2.00d

生育期	处理	上部叶	中部叶	下部叶	小计	茎	根	全株	总积累量/(kg/hm²)
现蕾期(70 d)	M₁	24.23a	45.40 a	40.16a	109.79a	51.44a	52.13a	220.18a	2642.11c
	M₂	22.07ab	44.80 a	39.23a	106.10ab	50.60a	51.39a	214.09a	3211.38b
	M₃	20.43b	41.62 b	38.33a	100.38b	49.61a	50.65ab	204.21ab	3675.78a
	M₄	16.83c	34.00 c	32.00b	82.83c	45.41b	47.65b	181.87b	3819.31a
现蕾期(80 d)	M₁	34.21a	66.11 a	53.15a	153.47a	77.28a	76.39a	307.14a	3685.68c
	M₂	33.16ab	64.79 a	52.16a	150.11a	76.11a	75.26ab	301.48a	4522.20b
	M₃	31.23 b	62.13 a	46.22b	139.58b	75.64a	73.47ab	288.69a	5196.42c
	M₄	27.25 c	51.00 b	38.23c	116.48c	71.45a	70.29b	258.22 b	5422.62a
成熟期(90 d)	M₁	57.35 a	84.16a	58.15a	199.66a	101.56a	87.56a	388.78a	4665.36c
	M₂	56.14 a	82.57a	56.46a	195.17a	99.78a	85.89ab	380.84ab	5712.60b
	M₃	53.27 a	76.16ab	47.16b	176.59b	96.26ab	82.11b	354.96b	6389.28a
	M₄	44.00 b	63.00c	40.33c	147.33c	92.56b	78.54c	318.43c	6687.03a