Effects of Different Exogenous Hormones on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus ‘Nongda No.1’ and ‘Zhongshuang 11’

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0204

Abstract

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of exogenous hormones on early maturation in Brassica napus, two cultivars, 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', were utilized as experimental materials. Plants at the 5-6 leaf stage were treated with foliar sprays of brassinosteroids (BR), gibberellic acid (GA₃), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with a distilled water spray serving as the control. Agronomic traits and physiological indicators were analyzed 7 days after treatments. The application of BR, GA₃, or NAA promoted pre-winter rapid growth, resulting in reduced leaf length and width but increased root and stem thickness. Notably, NAA treatment significantly enhanced plant height in 'Nongda No.1'. At harvest, all hormone treatments increased final plant height. Moreover, NAA and GA₃ significantly shortened the time to maturity, with 'Nongda No.1' maturing 7 days earlier and 'Zhongshuang 11' maturing 5 days earlier compared to the control. The NAA treatment also positively influenced yield-related traits by increasing pod length and seed number per pod, while reducing glucosinolate content. Physiological analyses revealed that 7 days after treatments, NAA significantly elevated leaf catalase (CAT) activity, with 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibiting the highest level (356.80 μmol/g). During the bolting stage, leaf CAT activity in 'Nongda No. 1' exceeded that of the control across all treatments except NAA. Conversely, NAA treatment significantly enhanced stem CAT activity, reaching 1.3-fold (146.31 vs. 111.82 μmol/g) and 1.6-fold (135.89 vs. 87.14 μmol/g) of the control levels in 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', respectively.BR treatment significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 'Nongda No.1' after 7 days, which gradually decreased during the bud-to-spike stage. At the spike stage, GA₃ treatment resulted in an MDA content twice that of the control, while NAA increased leaf MDA content to 1.9 times the control level. Both NAA and GA₃ treatments significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity during the bud-to-spike stage, reaching 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold of the control, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 'Nongda No.1' leaves increased 7 days after treatment. During the budding and stem elongation stages, 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibited enhanced SOD activity in leaves under GA₃ treatment. However, SOD activity in both the leaves and stems of GA₃- and BR-treated 'Zhongshuang 11' plants was lower than in the control during this period.In conclusion, the foliar application of NAA, GA₃, and BR enhances stress tolerance and promotes early maturity in rapeseed. NAA enables both leaves and stems to better withstand stress, while NAA and GA₃ exert a more pronounced effect on stem elongation. The period 7 days after application represents a critical phase for these hormonal regulations of plant growth and development.

Key words: Brassica napus L., early maturity, naphthaleneacetic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, budding stage, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics

YAN Wei, XU Yumei, TAN Minghui, ZHANG Zhenqian. Effects of Different Exogenous Hormones on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus ‘Nongda No.1’ and ‘Zhongshuang 11’[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2026, 16(4): 6-11.

Figures/Tables 6

References 25

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材料	绿叶数/片	总叶数/片	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	根茎粗/cm	株高/cm
农大1号CK	9.60±1.52	10.40±1.95	17.40±2.41	13.60±1.52	1.40±0.37	23.40±9.37
农大1号BR	9.00±2.00	10.20±2.17	16.20±2.77	11.20±2.49	1.36±0.62	43.20±16.01
农大1号GA₃	8.80±0.45	10.20±1.10	13.60±1.82	9.80±1.10	1.04±0.09	54.00±10.68
农大1号NAA	9.20±1.48	10.40±1.67	14.60±3.05	11.50±1.66	1.18±0.25	61.20±17.75
中双11 CK	13.60±0.55	14.00±1.00	13.50±2.06	9.20±2.17	1.72±0.33	37.00±3.39
中双11 BR	10.40±1.14	10.80±0.84	11.00±0.71	7.80±1.30	1.40±0.19	25.60±8.14
中双11 GA₃	12.00±2.24	12.40±2.30	13.70±1.48	9.40±0.55	1.82±0.20	33.20±5.93
中双11 NAA	12.40±2.30	13.20±2.39	15.20±1.92	9.20±1.30	2.08±0.04	35.60±1.52

材料	绿叶数/片	总叶数/片	最大叶长/cm	最大叶宽/cm	根茎粗/cm	株高/cm
农大1号CK	9.60±1.52	10.40±1.95	17.40±2.41	13.60±1.52	1.40±0.37	23.40±9.37
农大1号BR	9.00±2.00	10.20±2.17	16.20±2.77	11.20±2.49	1.36±0.62	43.20±16.01
农大1号GA₃	8.80±0.45	10.20±1.10	13.60±1.82	9.80±1.10	1.04±0.09	54.00±10.68
农大1号NAA	9.20±1.48	10.40±1.67	14.60±3.05	11.50±1.66	1.18±0.25	61.20±17.75
中双11 CK	13.60±0.55	14.00±1.00	13.50±2.06	9.20±2.17	1.72±0.33	37.00±3.39
中双11 BR	10.40±1.14	10.80±0.84	11.00±0.71	7.80±1.30	1.40±0.19	25.60±8.14
中双11 GA₃	12.00±2.24	12.40±2.30	13.70±1.48	9.40±0.55	1.82±0.20	33.20±5.93
中双11 NAA	12.40±2.30	13.20±2.39	15.20±1.92	9.20±1.30	2.08±0.04	35.60±1.52

材料	株高/cm	有效分枝高度/cm	主花序有效长度/cm	角果长度/cm	角果粒数/个	千粒重/g	含油量/%	硫苷/(μmol/g)	油酸/%
农大1号CK	108.00	42.60	57.20	5.64	15.08	4.28	48.84	32.50	71.58
农大1号BR	111.00	48.20	50.80	5.90	16.76	4.41	46.27	26.93	65.55
农大1号GA₃	121.60	41.60	53.60	5.86	12.64	4.25	46.11	19.91	68.22
农大1号NAA	118.80	55.60	53.60	6.88	16.16	3.74	47.90	31.95	70.28
中双11 CK	122.20	63.75	64.00	10.19	20.12	4.05	47.89	11.99	69.48
中双11 BR	128.25	65.67	53.67	9.66	19.80	4.85	47.70	7.56	71.79
中双11 GA₃	99.40	56.40	34.00	8.58	19.52	4.26	48.43	20.11	68.77
中双11 NAA	126.40	62.20	51.00	10.22	21.20	4.32	48.29	10.52	75.03

材料	株高/cm	有效分枝高度/cm	主花序有效长度/cm	角果长度/cm	角果粒数/个	千粒重/g	含油量/%	硫苷/(μmol/g)	油酸/%
农大1号CK	108.00	42.60	57.20	5.64	15.08	4.28	48.84	32.50	71.58
农大1号BR	111.00	48.20	50.80	5.90	16.76	4.41	46.27	26.93	65.55
农大1号GA₃	121.60	41.60	53.60	5.86	12.64	4.25	46.11	19.91	68.22
农大1号NAA	118.80	55.60	53.60	6.88	16.16	3.74	47.90	31.95	70.28
中双11 CK	122.20	63.75	64.00	10.19	20.12	4.05	47.89	11.99	69.48
中双11 BR	128.25	65.67	53.67	9.66	19.80	4.85	47.70	7.56	71.79
中双11 GA₃	99.40	56.40	34.00	8.58	19.52	4.26	48.43	20.11	68.77
中双11 NAA	126.40	62.20	51.00	10.22	21.20	4.32	48.29	10.52	75.03