Current issue

• 2013 Vol.3 No.2 Published:20 February 2013

  Effects of different planting densities on population ecological characteristics and yield of peanut under the mode of single-seed precision sowing zhaochangxing 2013, 3 (2):  1-5.  Abstract + ( 1470 )   PDF ( 996KB )   ( 1775 ) In order to clarify the high yield cultivation principle of peanut under single seed precision sowing pattern, choosing the common type peanut variety ‘Luhua 11’ as experimental materiel, a systematic study was conducted on the changes of population ecological characteristics and yield benefit of peanut under different densities, and determined the appreciate density of single seed precision sowing. The results showed that the height of main stem and the length of branching stem of peanut showed an increase trend with the add of the density in the low density range (13.5-19.5 ten thousand plant?hm-2), while the node numbers of main and branching stems indicated a decrease trend. And also under the mode of single-seed precision sowing, the sowing-hole number increased, single plant environment was better, and the mutual influence among the plants was small, which was benefit to shape the high-yield plant type, and to improve light use efficiency of peanut. Therefore, under the conditions of this study, 20 ten thousand seed?hm-2 would be recommended for the appreciate density of single seed precision sowing of peanut. It concluded that in a certain density range, on the one hand, single seed precision sowing of peanut had seed-saving role, on the other hand, it had yield-increasing effect, and moreover, a combination of both will bring greater benefits, which is a feasible technology to obtain high productivity and efficiency of peanut.

  Effects of Rate and Way of Potassium Application on Biomass and Yield and Fiber Quality of Cotton 2013, 3 (2):  6-11.  Abstract + ( 1499 )   PDF ( 1083KB )   ( 1353 ) In order to find out the equitable fertilization modes and potassium amount, the field experiments were done to improve the yield and quality of cotton, and its resources optimization management at the same time. The effects of rate and way of potassium application on biomass, yield and fiber quality of cotton were studied using hybrid variety H318 on Lukou experimental station of Ezhou. Two factors including 5 potassium fertilizer application levels and 2 kinds of potassium fertilizer way were set up. The results showed that, biomass and yield of cotton increased with potassium fertilizer application rates, but slightly declined when potassium fertilizer application exceeded 120 kg/hm2. There was no significant difference on fiber quality between 5 potassium fertilizer application and 2 fertilizer way. Compared with soil-applied in single treatment (all at first square), biomass and yield of cotton were higher under potassium soil-applied in split treatment (1/2 at first square and 1/2 at first white flower). The maximum seed cotton yield was observed under potassium fertilizer application of 120 kg/hm2 with all of the K fertilizer soil-split at first square and first white flower. In single treatment, application of potassium fertilizer produced significant difference in seed weight and all quality index (except the upper-half mean length) of mean fiber. In split-applied treatment, there was a marked difference in biomass, yield and yield components, fiber uniformity, micronaire reading and fiber strength of lower fiber among K2O application in this study.

  Effects of Covering Methods on the Nitrogen Metabolism of Potato Leaves 2013, 3 (2):  12-16.  Abstract + ( 1257 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 1503 ) Using transparent，black plastic film and grass as cover on potato(variety ‘Netherlands No. 7’ ) field，we compared the effects of different covering methods on the nitrogen metabolism of potato leaves，and we probed the interrelationships between the contents of the nitrogen and the soluble protein，and the activity of the nitrogen metabolism related enzyme. The results showed that，the contents of the nitrogen and the soluble protein，and the activity of nitrate reductase，glutamine synthase and glutamate dehydrogenase，all kept declining from tuber initiation stage to starch accumulation stage. And the indicators of potato covering different combinations were all higher than control，and their differences reached significant or extremely significant level，among which "straw and transparent plastic film" covering treatment were the highest. According to relevance analysis，in each treatment，the contents of the nitrogen and the soluble protein of potato leaves all had an significant or extremely significant positive correlation with the activity of NR，GS and GDH；And the activity of GS all had an significant or extremely significant positive correlation with and the activity of NR and GDH；And the activity of NR all had an significant or extremely significant positive correlation with and the activity of GDH.

  The Influence of Low Temperature Stress on the Vigor of Oryza sativa L. Seeds 2013, 3 (2):  17-19.  Abstract + ( 1283 )   PDF ( 1039KB )   ( 1473 ) In order to explore the influence of cold stress on the vigor of seeds with different treatment, 2 rice materials were analyzed in the present paper. It’s based on the treatment of 4℃ cold soaking and one materials for coating seeds, another materials uncoated, set without immersion treatment material for the control, each treatment have 3 repetitions. By the observation of the germination potential, germination rate, shoot length, shoot fresh weight and shoot dry weight. The results showed that, the germination rate (93%) of coating seed with immersion treatment and the germination rate (94.67%) of control had no significant difference, but the germination rate (79%) of uncoated seed with immersion treatment was lower than the control (97%), the difference reached significant level; the influence of cold stress on the vigor of seeds was obvious, but the coating could reduce the reaction of seed on low temperature stress and protect physiological activities of seeds. Therefore, the low temperature preservation of coated seed was better for viability maintained in practical work.

  The Primary Research of “Miantaijin” Utilization in Liao Basin Cotton Area 2013, 3 (2):  20-25.  Abstract + ( 1263 )   PDF ( 1380KB )   ( 1421 ) To determine the effect and untilization of new specially insect resistance cotton regulator “Miantaijin” in Liao basin cotton area in 2010-2011, it was tested in Liaoning Cash Crop Institute. After compare the physiological index, development process, plant character, yield and form factor, fiber quality, we concluded that being a effective specially insect resistance cotton regulator, “Miantaijin” can delay leaf senescence, enhance resistance, prevent premature senility, increase yield, without harmful effect on fiber quality, could be promotion in Liao Basin Cotton Area. But the usage and amount should be adjusted according to the climate and production practice.

  Primary Study on the Contact Toxicity of Crude Extract from 10 Medicinal Plants against Tetranychus cinnabarinus 2013, 3 (2):  26-30.  Abstract + ( 1686 )   PDF ( 1003KB )   ( 1578 ) The acaricidal activities of thirty extracts from ten plants were evaluated against Tetranychus cinnabarinus. The results indicated that, the T. cinnabarinus mortality rate was significantly higher when treated by 2 mg/ml of the petroleum extract from phellodendron amurense, Cercospora euodiae, or Radix Glycyrrhizae, chloroform extract from Taraxacum offcinale Wigg or methanol extract from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis. The most effective crude extract was from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis using methanol as extractant, with 83.67% of mortality rate ; The chloroform extract from Prunella vulgaris Linn led to the lowest mortality rate of 4.33％. According to the results of primary screening test，the contact toxicities of five herbal extracts against T. cinnabarinus were further tested . The results -provedthat the acaricidal activities of methanol extract from Gardenia jasminoides Ellis was highest,with LC5o value of 1.46mg/ml．

  Terminal Market Survey and Prospect Analysis of Biological Pesticides 2013, 3 (2):  31-34.  Abstract + ( 1310 )   PDF ( 977KB )   ( 1675 ) In order to realize the application and problems of Biological Pesticides fully in green agricultural production, we have researched the pesticide terminal market in Chengde, etc, in planting areas of economic crop. The results showed that, the average price of 153 times biological pesticide, accounting for 41.46% of the total of 369 times pesticide varieties in 16 pesticide stores, was 5.08% higher than chemical pesticide’s. Through the research of the terminal market survey, we could see that the quality of biological pesticide products improved, dosage form advanced, stability enhanced, defects overcame, application effect to improve, and promotional sales and other technical matching measures, so farmers had realized that the significance of biological pesticide application to health and environmental protection. The amount of the biological pesticide increased gradually in green agricultural production. It showed that the good application prospect of biological pesticide.

  The Study of Optimized Allocation for Planting and Breeding Resources in Shandong Province 2013, 3 (2):  35-43.  Abstract + ( 1255 )   PDF ( 1599KB )   ( 1790 ) According to the planting and breeding production status in Shandong Province in recent years and the principles of resource utilization maximization and the environmental impact minimization, the quantitative relationship between planting and breeding structure optimization configuration of Shandong Province was analyzed in the paper, based on planting waste resources quantity, breeding feed demand, aquaculture waste quantity and the limited quantity of animal waste disposal by farmland. The results indicated that, the residual environmental capacity of farmland absorptive organic waste of Shandong Province was 85.88 million tons with the existing biogas engineering quantity and the cultivated land area; and the residual environmental capacities of Liaocheng City and Linyi City were bigger, then Tai’an City, Jining City, Heze City, Zaozhuang City, Qingdao City, Weifang City and Yantai City, while those of Dezhou City, Rizhao City and Dongying City were more than the limited abilities, and Dongying City was more than its own level of 30%. Although current farmland of Shandong Province had certain absorptive space for the organic waste from livestock and poultry breeding industry, but the status of every city was different, so this could provide the theoretical basis for planting-breeding combination and its optimized development of Shandong province in future.

  The Impacts of Unnoticeable Natural Hazard on Crop Production and the Overcoming Strategies in China 2013, 3 (2):  44-49.  Abstract + ( 1744 )   PDF ( 1017KB )   ( 1887 ) Along with the enhancement of tolerance to apparent natural hazards, nowadays, unnoticeable natural hazard has progressively become the key constrain to crop production with a sustainable and balanced yield gain at a large area scale in China. Understanding the mechanisms, characteristics and overcoming strategies to the unnoticeable natural hazards can provide important theoretical and technological supports to the implement strategies for hazard alleviation. Based on a summary of unnoticeable natural hazard patterns (i.e. heat stress, frost/chilling, cloudy and drizzly weather, periodical drought, and water logging), the impacts of each unnoticeable hazard on crop production was assessed in this article. At both the crop and the regional scales, the main reasons and characteristics of these unnoticeable natural hazards were illustrated. The occurring trend of unnoticeable natural hazards under the background of climate change was analyzed as well. Finally, some measurements (e.g. field condition improvement, new crop variety breeding, cropping technique innovation, etc) were recommended to increase the tolerance of agro-ecosystem, the adaptability of crop varieties, and the buffer capacity of cropping system to the unnoticeable natural hazards, so as to increase crop productivity and ensure food security in China.

  Frost Resistance Evaluation of Different Chinese Orchid Varieties 2013, 3 (2):  50-53.  Abstract + ( 1372 )   PDF ( 1070KB )   ( 1498 ) In order to research the frost resistance of Chinese orchid varieties, screen out the frost resistant varieties, the dynamic changes of Pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein content and semi-lethal temperature were studied through the artificial low temperature processing. The relationship between them and the frost resistance, and a comprehensive evaluation on frost resistance of Chinese orchid varieties was given based on subordinate function values analysis. The results showed that: With the deepening of frost stress level, the content of pro, soluble sugar, soluble protein was reduced after the first increase. The semi-lethal temperature of leaves was ‘Song Mei’< ‘New Shanghai’< ‘Lao Jipin’< ‘Ji Yuan’< ‘Da Yipin’, a comprehensive evaluation on the ability of frost resistant of the Chinese orchid varieties was ‘Xin Shanghai’> ‘Da Yipin’> ‘Ji Yuan’> ‘Lao Jipin’> ‘Song Mei’.

  The Development of Research and Application on Edible Chrysanthemum in China 2013, 3 (2):  54-56.  Abstract + ( 1315 )   PDF ( 970KB )   ( 1893 ) China has had a traditional of ‘food chrysanthemum’ since ancient times, but there is a bigger promotion space for edible chrysanthemum of research and application in China. The recent studies of edible chrysanthemum from its resources, production method and high yield cultivation measures, etc, in China has been reviewed in this paper. And points out of most for cultivation type chrysanthemum of domestic consumption come from overseas introduction, this greatly restricting Chinese eat of chrysanthemum of large-scale production and popularity.

  Effect of Removed Leaf Number on Comprehensive Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco 2013, 3 (2):  57-60.  Abstract + ( 1175 )   PDF ( 1007KB )   ( 1619 ) This experiment taked Yunyan 85 as the tested flue-cured tobacco variety, the removed leaf number were studied with the gradually increasing, the comprehensive characters of Flue-cured Tobacco by showing the different rules.The result showed that, plant height, leaf length and width, pitch, single leaf weight were related with removed leaf number. With the the removed leaf number gradually increasing, stem girth, output value and proportion of high grade leaves showed increased first and then decreased as the two curve equation. Integrated various factors were derived that the handle of removd the lower 3 and upper 1 leaves of flue-cured tobacco in Guangnan county of Yunnan province showed stable yield, quality grade of the structure optimization, maximum output value .

  Research on the Introduction and Landscape Application of Wild Thyme (Thymus serpyllum L. var. asiaticus) Preliminarily 2013, 3 (2):  61-64.  Abstract + ( 1461 )   PDF ( 1080KB )   ( 1401 ) The introduction test of wild Thymus serpyllum L. var. asiaticus grown in Daqingshan Mountain of the Wuchuan County in the Inner Mongolia autonomous region was carried out. It was researched on that were the living rate, growing characteristics and the landscape characteristics after introduction. The results showed that the recovering stage was 15 days and the living rate was 92.3% after the introduction of the wild plant named Thymus serpyllum L. var. asiaticus. The growing characteristics such as plant height, plant breath, shoot length, the number of branches and leaves were researched on. They all had the same regular that the growing rate were quickly in the earlier stage, slowly in the middle stage and quickly in the later stage, which fit to the grand period of growth. The coverage rate was quickly in the earlier stage and slowly in the later stage. It was 95.6% when they have been transplanted for 70 days, and it was 100% when they have been transplanted for 85 days. The landscape rate was 1.50% everyday. All the results showed that the wild plant named Thymus serpyllum L. var. asiaticus was suitable for the landscape application as the ground cover plant.

  The Influence of Different Irrigation Water on Grapes Growth and Yield Under Drip Irrigation in Extremely Arid Regions 2013, 3 (2):  65-69.  Abstract + ( 1364 )   PDF ( 1101KB )   ( 1470 ) In order to understand the influences of different irrigation water on mature grape growth and yield in the extremely arid regions drip irrigation, the test was conducted to 5 irrigation treatment under the same irrigation frequency, observed the growth indicators of grape in the whole growth stage (new slightly length, new slightly stem diameter etc.) and yield. The results showed that: irrigation water had a significant influent on mature grape growth and yield in the extremely arid regions drip irrigation. The growth changes of grape new slightly length, new slightly stem diameter and clusters increased as irrigation water increase in a certain range. The growth rate of grape new slightly before and after topping was respectively the fastest. In irrigation water 810 mm (W5) and 742.5 mm (W4) treatment, the new slightly stem diameter in 810 mm (W5) treatment increased the fastest rate, clusters in 607.5 mm (W2) treatment reached the fastest growth rate. Under the experiment conditions, appropriate irrigation quota in the whole growth period was 722 mm when get higher yield and water production efficiency.

  Chemical Constituents of Green Pepper Oleoresin 2013, 3 (2):  70-74.  Abstract + ( 1568 )   PDF ( 1266KB )   ( 1847 ) Chemical constituents of the green pepper oleoresin made from alcohol and ethyl acetate were analyzed by using the gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MC), and identified by their mass spectra, and their relative percentage was calculated from the GC peak areas. Fifty-eight compounds were identified, accounting for 94.71% and 97.36%of the total detected constituents, respectively. The major constituents identified from the two oleoresin include piperine,caryophyllene, piperanine, D-limonene,δ-elemene,caryophyllene oxide and ledene oxide-(II).

  Construction of Science and Technology Propelled Innovative Service System ofthe Modern Agriculture of Qingdao City: Problems and Strategies 2013, 3 (2):  75-78.  Abstract + ( 1285 )   PDF ( 1190KB )   ( 1444 ) In recent years, agriculture and the rural economy in Qingdao has witnessed remarkable progress, though a series of problems, to a certain extent, set a limit to the development of agriculture, the rural economy of Qingdao and its New Rural Construction progress. The paper summarized the current situation of science and technology propelled innovative service system of Qingdao, analyzed the existing problems, and proposes corresponding countermeasures. Under such circumstances, to improve the Innovative service system of science and technology of Qingdao, it is of great necessity to complete the innovation application system, increase its investment, improve farmers’ qualities and application capability of science and technology and optimize the environment of agricultural scientific and technological innovation.