Current issue

• 2016 Vol.6 No.3 Published:28 March 2016

  Characteristics and Quality of Direct Seeding Rice in Ningxia Yellow River Irrigation Region 马文礼,张亚伟,李宗泽 and 王思成 2016, 6 (3):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15030027 Abstract + ( 1454 )   PDF ( 1083KB )   ( 1165 ) The aims were to provide theoretical basis for high yield and quality cultivation as well as breeding of rice. A comparison among six direct seeding rice cultivars was carried out through huge area contrast experiment, and the growth stage, germination situation, tiller number, plant height, accumulation rate of dry material, main economic characters, yield and quality of each cultivar were recorded respectively. The results showed that the growth stage of‘JiJing 105’was 137 days, which was shorter than that of the other rice cultivars and was in accord with cultivation requirement in Ningxia. Its leaf area index reached 7.0 in heading filling period, the grain number per spike was 112.7, and the actual yield was 11278.5 kg/hm2, all were higher than that of the other rice cultivars. Through comparison,‘JiJing 105’showed better processing and appearance quality. Therefore,‘JiJing 105’, which had short growth period, high spike rate, outstanding economic character and high yield, was fit for promotion in Ningxia.

  Maize Yield and Related Traits Under Different Salt Stresses 2016, 6 (3):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090011 Abstract + ( 1664 )   PDF ( 1198KB )   ( 1188 ) Salt stress, as one of the major abiotic stresses, severely limits crop productivity. Study on salinity effects on maize seedling growth and yield components would improve management practices in fields and increase the understanding of salt tolerance mechanism of maize.‘Suyu 10’and‘Suyu 30’with salt tolerance were selected to evaluate the effects of different salinities on maize grain yield and traits related to yield. The results indicated that the grain yield decreased linearly with salinity increase, under the salinity of 1.5 g/kg soil, the grain yield of‘Suyu 10’and‘Suyu 30’accounted for 54.2% and 64.3% of that without salt stress. Among yield components, kernel number per ear was more sensitive to salinity than 100- kernel weight. Biomass (fresh and dry weight) at jointing stage correlated positively with grain yield. Among salt tolerance indexes including relative fresh weight, relative dry weight, relative water content and relative grain yield, relative grain yield was better for characterizing salt resistance, differences among various salinity gradients reached a significant level. It was concluded that under the salt stress of 1.5g/kg soil, the yield of maize was only about 60% of that without salt stress, and the breeding of salt tolerant maize, especially the salt tolerance at seedling stage, should be strengthened.

  Control Efficiency of a New Type Controlled-release Metalaxyl Granule on Main Pathogenic Bacteria of Root Rot of Soybean 2016, 6 (3):  12-15.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15070020 Abstract + ( 1331 )   PDF ( 1235KB )   ( 746 ) In order to control soybean root rot in the whole growth period of soybean, indoor mycelial growth inhibition test was conducted using a new type controlled- release metalaxyl granule to control the main pathogens of soybean root rot: Phytophthora sojae and soybean Fusarium in 2014. At the same time, a field experiment of the lasting period and the control effect of the new type controlled-release metalaxyl granule was carried out. The results showed that the inhibition rate of indoor test was the best, the EC50 to P. sojae was 0.364 and the EC50 to Fusarium was 0.5800, which were all the lowest. And the field experiment showed that the controlled-release metalaxyl granule had the best field control effect among the 5 kinds of bactericides. It could prevent the soybean root rot in the late growth stage. The new pesticide was an environmental friendly and high-efficiency agent, which laid a foundation for the prevention and control technology.

  Toxicity Effect of Tea Saponin on Ectropis oblique 2016, 6 (3):  16-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090009 Abstract + ( 1531 )   PDF ( 1288KB )   ( 1974 ) To investigate the bioactive and the insecticidal mechanism of tea saponin on pest, toxicity effect of tea saponin on eggs and larvae of Ectropis oblique was determined. Toxicity test for eggs of E. oblique was conducted at the concentration of 0.1, 0.2, 0.4, 0.8, 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL, respectively, and the corresponding hatch rate was 21.9%, 16.2%, 18.2%, 11.7%, 7.7%, 6.2%, 5.4%, 5.9%, respectively. This result indicated that toxicity effect on eggs of E. oblique increased with the increase of tea saponin concentration. Leaves were dipped in tea saponin solution at the concentration of 1, 2, 4, 8 mg/mL, respectively, and then fed the third instar larvae of E. oblique. The results showed that all the larvae survived, meaning that tea saponin had no significant toxicity on the third instar larvae of E. oblique. Antifeeding effect of tea saponin on the third instar larvae was also determined. The results indicated that tea saponin had antifeeding effect on the third instar larvae and the effect increased with the increase of the concentration. When the concentration of tea saponin was at 4, 8 mg/mL, the antifeeding rate was 80.0%, 85.7%, respectively. Body length and weight of the third, fourth and fifth instar larvae which were treated by tea saponin had no significant difference compared with that of the control group, indicating that feeding tea saponin at or below the concentration of 8 mg/mL had no significant effect on the growth and development of E. oblique.

  Farmland Soil Acidification in Linan City and Its Improvement Technology 谢国雄 2016, 6 (3):  21-26.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100001 Abstract + ( 1403 )   PDF ( 1612KB )   ( 959 ) In order to understand the farmland soil acidification situation in Lin'an City of Zhejiang Province, and provide basis for soil acidification control, the trend and characteristics of soil acidification of different types of farmland in Lin'an were systematically analyzed based on the soil fertility survey. The results showed that the double effect of both natural and human activities had caused obvious farmland acidification in Lin'an. The proportion of strongly acidic soil (pH＜4.5) and acidic soil (pH 4.5- 5.4) was 23.4% and 46.6% , respectively. The soil used for tea, mulberry and bamboo production showed the most obvious acidification, the farmland in Lin'an was severely acidified compared with the data obtained in 1982. Excessive fertilization and acid rain were major causes of farmland soil acidification. In order to prevent further acidification, in addition to rational application of fertilizers, it was necessary to learn experiences from both home and abroad, and take methods, such as inorganic improvement technology, organic improvement technology, bioremediation technology and biochar application, for farmland soil acidification control and improvement.

  Engineering Technology and Development Trend of Low-standard Agricultural Land Transforming to High-standard Agricultural Land 2016, 6 (3):  27-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110024 Abstract + ( 930 )   PDF ( 1243KB )   ( 1204 ) In order to ensure national food security, make economic and social development in harmony with sustainable and efficient agricultural development, promoting agricultural land from low standard to high standard is becoming more and more urgent. High standard basic farmland construction is now an inevitable choice. With consideration to the literatures and the experience of high standard agricultural land consolidation engineering in the past years, the concept and goal of high standard agricultural land consolidation engineering were discussed, and then its main technical essentials were summarized. Finally the authors made an outlook on the development trend of the high standard agricultural land engineering technology. This study could provide reference for constructing the high standard basic farmland in China, and has great significance to promote agricultural modernization.

  Growth Dynamics and N, P, K Nutrient Needs of Broccol‘i Lvxiong 90’ 2016, 6 (3):  33-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110015 Abstract + ( 1066 )   PDF ( 1343KB )   ( 911 ) In order to clarify the N, P, K nutrient needs and their interaction mechanism in broccoli‘Luxiong 90’, and to confirm the optimum fertilization scheme for improving quality and production efficiency,‘3414’design was carried out with three factors (N, P, K) in the present study. The results showed that the nutrient needs of N, P, K changed in a parabolic curve through the growth of‘Luxiong 90’, and the overall nutrient needs of N, P, K presented a power function change through the growth. The mathematical model of broccoli harvest index (H) was: H=-0.000052M2 0.091585M 6.504614 (n=14, r=0.7057**). By analyzing the above model and the structure proportion of N, P, K in coastal areas of east Zhejiang Province, the optimal N P K interaction combination was obtained as 881 kg/hm2, including N 489 kg, P2O5 191 kg, K2O 201 kg. Therefore, this fertilization scheme could reduce the fertilizer amount by 8%. The study has certain guiding significance to change the traditional way of vegetable fertilization.

  Genetic Diversity Analysis of Asparagus Based on SRAP Markers 2016, 6 (3):  40-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100011 Abstract + ( 1056 )   PDF ( 2012KB )   ( 867 ) This paper analyzed the genetic polymorphism of 12 asparagus cultivars and hybrids from home and abroad using SRAP method, so as to deeply reveal the genetic diversity of asparagus varieties. The results showed that 29 primers with high polymorphism and clear bands were screened from 170 primers, each of them amplified 12 to 36 bands and a total of 551 DNA fragments were obtained, 343 bands showed polymorphism in all fragments, accounted for 61.21%. The average number of DNA bands produced by each primer was 20.41 and polymorphic bands were 12.7. The result of genetic similarity analysis of 12 asparagus genotypes showed that the Nei’s coefficient ranged from 0.39 to 0.97, and the average Nei’s coefficient was 0.69. A DNA molecular dendrogram was established for 12 genotypes which were divided into 4 groups according to the coefficient of 0.69. The first group included‘Lu Asparagus No.1’,‘88-5’,‘Gland’,‘07-1’and‘06-6’. The second group included‘Apollo’,‘Jersey Giant’and‘Atlas’. The third group included‘Spanish Damas’. The forth group included‘Holland all male’and‘West Germany all male’.

  Optimization and Verification of ISSR-PCR Reaction System for Lycopersicon esculentum 2016, 6 (3):  46-50.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15080012 Abstract + ( 941 )   PDF ( 1486KB )   ( 1005 ) To study the optimization of ISSR-PCR reaction system for Lycopersicon esculentum, the effects of five main factors (TaqDNA polymerase dosage, dNTP concentration, primer concentration, DNA templates concentration and annealing temperature of each primer) on ISSR amplification were investigated, to lay a foundation for ISSR technique in tomato molecular assisted breeding. The results showed that the optimal ISSR-PCR reaction system (20 μL) contained 50 ng DNA template, 0.3 μmol/L primer, 0.5 mmol/L dNTP, 2 U TaqDNA polymerase, and 2.0 μL 10×PCR buffer. In addition, the optimal annealing temperature of each primer for ISSR-PCR reaction was different.

  Study on Conservation Planning of Urban Plant Diversity in Heze City 张萌,陈东田,钱兴华,吕洁 and 张莹 2016, 6 (3):  51-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15090007 Abstract + ( 1006 )   PDF ( 3368KB )   ( 768 ) Based on the significance and present situation of the conservation planning of urban plant diversity, this paper pointed out the problems existed in it. The authors analyzed the present situation of urban plant diversity in the area of Heze, then the overall objectives and targets, planning approaches and overall layout of the conservation plan of urban plant diversity in Heze were proposed. By protecting and planning the four levels including species, gene, ecosystem and landscape, the measures and ecological management strategies of plant diversity conservation were put forward and the protection countermeasures of rare and endangered plants were emphasized. The results would provide references for the conservation planning of urban plants diversity.

  Cultivation of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu Under Plastic Mulching 2016, 6 (3):  57-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100017 Abstract + ( 1007 )   PDF ( 1164KB )   ( 1051 ) The paper aims to study the cultivation effect of Psammosilene tunicoides W. C. Wu et C. Y. Wu under plastic mulching. 3 treatments of white plastic mulching, black plastic mulching and cultivation without mulching were carried. The results showed that plastic mulching could significantly improve the survival rate of seedling and increase the root weight in the first year. Compared with the cultivation without mulching, in the second year, the survival rate of seedling decreased significantly and the root weight had no significant difference, but in the third year, the survival rate of seedling and the root weight both decreased significantly. Therefore, plastic mulching cultivation can be taken in the first year, but not in the second and the third year. 3 years of consecutive cultivation under plastic mulching will lead to the final yield decrease.

  Space Form Analysis and Landscape Design of Ancient City:A Case Study of Taigu Ancient City Space 郭晋平 and 原阳 2016, 6 (3):  60-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100021 Abstract + ( 1051 )   PDF ( 4135KB )   ( 1249 ) Space syntax can be an angle to study the space form scientifically. Space form can be abstracted as the objective data to express the relationship between the space and human behaviors. Taking Taigu ancient city as an example, the authors aim to analyze the street space form using Depth map software, based on literature data and survey data. By choosing the map of Ming and Qing dynasties and the map of status quo as the research objects, the street space form in ancient city was abstracted into an axis model and a line model. The eigenvalues of integration, intelligibility, selectivity and entropy were obtained for describing the characteristics of space form. According to different space forms, the corresponding landscape design methods were adopted. Comparing the spatial eigenvalues of the two periods, the method of space syntax was introduced into the study of the space form development mechanism, which could provide reference to ancient city protection and develop the landscape design for Taigu ancient city.

  Research Progress on Fruit and Vegetable Decompression Storage 2016, 6 (3):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb1001 Abstract + ( 942 )   PDF ( 1064KB )   ( 866 ) In order to provide basic information for hypobaric storage, a brief overview of the hypobaric storage theory was made in this paper. In this article, firstly, decompression preservation with storage-confined space pressure, vacuum low- pressure system, cryogenic refrigeration system, the humidity adjusting system and measurement and control systems were analyzed; secondly, the characteristics, the research progress abroad and the development course of the hypobaric storage and its application effect on fruit and vegetable preservation were introduced objectively; thirdly, the restrictive problems in the study of hypobaric storage, such as pressure, dehydration and flavor fades, were discussed; finally, the development direction in the future of the decompression preservation of storage was pointed out.

  Costs and Benefits of Pig Production in China: Based on Data of Medium-scale Farms from 2004 to 2013 2016, 6 (3):  72-76.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100015 Abstract + ( 1020 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 977 ) In order to study the costs and benefits of pig production in medium-scale farms, explore the ways to improve the economic benefits of pig industry and guide its development, specific indicators of costs and benefits per pig in medium-scale farms in China were analyzed using the data from 2004 to 2013, and the present situation and changing trend of costs and benefits in medium- scale farms were summarized. The results showed that the material and service cost accounted for more than 90% of the total cost. The increase of feed cost and purchase price of piglet and their big proportion in the cost were the main causes of the rising production costs and low benefits. And there was a great volatility in the benefits of pig production. Finally, policy recommendations including improving breeding technology and research input, promoting the scale management, organizational level and ecological breeding, ensuring food safety and price stability, strengthening industrial chain link were put forward to reduce costs and increase benefits.

  Risk Assessment of Agricultural Wind and Hail Disasters in Anhui Province Based on Information Diffusion Theory 2016, 6 (3):  77-81.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100009 Abstract + ( 884 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 820 ) The paper aims to evaluate the crop loss caused by wind and hail disasters in Anhui Province. The authors carried out a risk assessment of agricultural wind and hail disasters in nearly 22 years (1991-2012) with an risk assessment model based on the information diffusion theory. The results showed that: in Anhui Province, agricultural disaster area of wind and hail was relatively small, the affected index was under 10%, the wind and hail disaster risk level was low and the risk probability was once in 156 years. The affected index of the wind and hail disaster in Anhui Province was generally no more than 8%, and under this index, the risk probability was about once in 10000 years. The wind and hail disaster risk probability of every city in Anhui Province decreased with the increasing of the damage degree.

  Climatic Change Characteristics in Xinxiang in Spring Based on GIS 2016, 6 (3):  82-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15110008 Abstract + ( 920 )   PDF ( 1541KB )   ( 934 ) Based on the data of daily temperature, precipitation and sunshine hours from March to May of 8 meteorological stations in Xinxiang from 1971 to 2014, the authors used linear tendency estimate method, accumulative anomaly method and Mann-Kendall method with GIS technology, discussed and analyzed the climate change trend and spatial-temporal distribution features in spring in Xinxiang, in order to provide reference for disaster prevention and mitigation. The results showed that the spring temperature in Xinxiang had an increasing trend with an average growth rate as 0.035℃/a, and a significant mutation of temperature increase happened in 1998, the warming rate of the north was higher than that of the south. The spring precipitation presented a weak increasing trend with an average increase rate as 0.220 mm/a, and the change was not obvious and the interannual volatility was relatively large. The increase trend of precipitation was more in the north than that in the south overall. The sunshine hours in spring had a decreasing tendency with an average rate of 1.216 h/a, and a significant decline mutation happened in 1984, the sunshine hours reduction in the north was obviously higher than that in other regions. The global warming had caused obviously regional climate variability in Xinxiang.

  Development of Tree-Crop Intercropping in Jiangxi Province 黄国勤,,邓丽萍,孙松, and 马艳芹 2016, 6 (3):  87-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15100004 Abstract + ( 968 )   PDF ( 1374KB )   ( 1151 ) In order to make a fully understanding of the tree-crop intercropping development, taking Jiangxi Province as an example, the problem of tree-crop intercropping development was probed, thus to promote a sound and fast development of forestry and agriculture. This paper analyzed the significance, models, characteristics and existing problems in the tree-crop intercropping development in Jiangxi Province and put forward the corresponding countermeasures for a sustainable development on the basis of investigation and analysis. The authors believe that: (1) the exploitation and development of tree-crop intercropping in Jiangxi Province have significance in making a full use of resources, increasing land output, improving economic efficiency, expanding employment, improving the ecological environment, reducing natural disasters, maintaining food security and promoting the construction of ecological civilization; (2) in Jiangxi Province, the main models of tree- crop intercropping include mountain tree- crop intercropping, farmland tree- crop intercropping, vegetable garden tree- crop intercropping, aquatic tree- crop intercropping, courtyard intercropping of trees and crops and so on; (3) these models of tree-crop intercropping have characteristics including large areas, multiple models, wide distribution, rapid development, good benefits, great potential and so on; (4) according to the survey, there are lots of problems in the tree-crop intercropping development, such as low utilization rate of land, low rate of mature, low output, low efficiency, low input, low degree of attention, poor production conditions, unbalanced development, extensive management and other issues. In view of the existing problems, the following measures should be taken: increasing investment, improving conditions, optimizing the structure, scale development and personnel training.

  Development Prospect of Leisure Agriculture in Zhengzhou 2016, 6 (3):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas15080015 Abstract + ( 959 )   PDF ( 1119KB )   ( 1435 ) The development of leisure agriculture in Zhengzhou has gotten some achievements in the past several years. However, there are still some weaknesses in the size, service, products, projects’content and structure of leisure agriculture, so leisure agriculture in Zhengzhou needs to be optimized. Taking the development orientation and target in Zhengzhou as reference, the authors put forward development ways including evaluating the level of leisure agriculture farm, regulating the development of leisure agriculture farm and promoting the congregate villages of happy farmhouses. And countermeasures for government, including improving the policy support system, setting leisure agriculture standards, strengthening staff training in leisure agricultural companies, were also proposed for further development of leisure agriculture in Zhengzhou.