Current issue

• 2018 Vol.8 No.12 Published:17 December 2018

  Green Prevention of Phytophthora infestans in Sichuan 2018, 8 (12):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100008 Abstract + ( 487 )   PDF ( 1196KB )   ( 358 ) The paper aims to study green prevention and control of potato Phytophthora infestans. In 2012-2015, the P. infestans resistant varieties of potato authorized by Sichuan Province were tested in 10 counties including Zhaojue, Butuo, Yanyuan and so on. The results revealed that morbidity and disease index of the resistant varieties were significantly lower than those of‘Mira’, but the yield was significantly higher than that of‘Mira’, the resistant varieties could increase production and income and reduce about 25% of the drug usage in controlling P. infestans. In 2014, we introduced CARAH from Belgium and set up test point for the prediction of the disease in Xuyong, used Hobo to gather meteorological data in time. The results revealed that the first disease time was May 30 by the field investigation, and May 31 predicted by CARAH model, the results were generally consistent. We expanded the prediction to 7 counties in 2015, the results revealed that CARAH model was applicable to P. infestans prediction.

  Research Progress of the Smart Agriculture Extension System 2018, 8 (12):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100013 Abstract + ( 499 )   PDF ( 1252KB )   ( 447 ) The study aims to explore the current development of China’s smart agriculture technology extension system, and lay the foundation for the establishment of the smart agricultural technology extension system in the future. Using bibliometric method, taking CNKI database as the primary source, senior retrieval “theme”=“smart agricultural”and“development”, the authors set 2012 to 2017 as the time range, and analyzed the obtained publishing years and journal distribution of 550 literatures. It is the key content to analyze the connotation and characteristics of smart agricultural technological innovation etc. At last, corresponding countermeasures are given according to the problems existing in the process of smart agricultural technological innovation.

  Tillage Patterns of Sorghum in Dryland Plateau of Shanxi: Effects on Yield and Water Use Efficiency 张建华 2018, 8 (12):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17120002 Abstract + ( 481 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 472 ) The study is to explore the effects of tillage methods on soil moisture, sorghum yield and water use efficiency in arid area of Shanxi Province, and provide reference for high-yield cultivation of dry sorghum. A field experiment was conducted, and six tillage modes were set up, including traditional tillage, no-tillage, autumn rotary tillage, autumn deep loosening, autumn deep tillage +rotary tillage and spring deep tillage + rotary tillage. With the advance of the growth period, soil water storage content and water consumption content before sowing was the highest under autumn deep tillage +rotary tillage. Compared with the traditional tillage and no- tillage mode, the mode of autumn deep tillage + rotary tillage significantly increased the yield of sorghum, and the yield increased by 47% and 36.7%, respectively, the water use efficiency was significantly increased by 36.8% and 25.5%, respectively, the 1000-grain weight was obviously increased with a rate of 16.5% and 14.0%, respectively, the number of branches was increased with a rate of 22.2% and 28.2%, respectively, and the spike length of sorghum was improved by a rate of 19.0% and 21.2%, respectively. The autumn deep tillage +rotary tillage mode is the best tillage mode under the experimental condition, and it could be used as a suitable tillage mode for sorghum production in dryland plateau of Shanxi Province.

  The Mode of Planting and Raising of Rice-Frog in Mountainous Regions in Southwestern China 2018, 8 (12):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100006 Abstract + ( 649 )   PDF ( 1257KB )   ( 608 ) The authors discussed the ecological principle of planting and raising of“Rice-Frog”from the mode’s structure, elements and the relationship of different elements, reviewed the development of this mode from resource factors, functions and mechanism. The technology mode of planting and raising of“Rice-Frog”was studied from economic, social and ecological aspects, and the issues, such as pesticides’effect on frog, the effect of frog curating drugs on paddy ecosystem, and the effect of fodder and fertilizer on frog and paddy ecosystem respectively, were analyzed. Finally, the authors elaborated the problems existing in planting and raising of“Rice- Frog”in mountainous regions in southwestern China from the adaptability of frogs, the coupling effect of frog raising and rice planting, and input- output ratio of the mode, and proposed some countermeasures.

  An Investigation on Pests and Predators of Qiongzhong Green Orange 2018, 8 (12):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100011 Abstract + ( 447 )   PDF ( 1404KB )   ( 471 ) The paper aims to clarify the species and occurrence of the insect pests and their natural enemies on Qiongzhong green orange, provide a basis for formulating insect pest management strategy. Investigation about insect pests and natural enemies on Qiongzhong green orange was carried out from December 2014 to September 2017 by using the methods such as caught by nets, reconnaissance, collected by hands, branches shaking, trap lamps and sticky traps. The results demonstrated that there were 69 species of insect pests on Qiongzhong green orange, which belonged to 33 families and 9 orders, and Diaphorina citri, Phyllocnistis citrella, mites, longicorn, looper and papilio were the main insect pests. There were 19 species of natural enemies to the insect pests on Qiongzhong green orange，belonging to 11 families and 8 orders, spiders and ladybird were the main predators, when most of the hymenopterous parasitoids were collected from lepidopterous insects.

  Toxicity Comparison of Bio-pesticides Against Two Main Pear Orchard Piercing-sucking Pests 2018, 8 (12):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110022 Abstract + ( 513 )   PDF ( 1276KB )   ( 687 ) Pear psylla (Psylla Chinensis) and spirea aphid (Aphis spiraeccla) are two kinds of main piercingsucking pests in pear orchard. We compared the toxicity of four bio-pesticides (matrine, pyrethrin, abamectin and nicotinic·matrine) against pear psylla and spirea aphid. The results showed that the four bio-pesticides had some inhibitory effect on spirea aphid and pear psylla, with the increase of concentration, the mortality increased, and the effect on spirea aphid was higher than that of pear psylla. The LC50 of pear psylla were matrine 129.84 mg/L, pyrethrin 144.7 mg/L, abamectin 90.74 mg/L and nicotinic·matrine 72.13 mg/L, that of spirea aphid were matrine 18.79 mg/L, pyrethrin17.79 mg/L, abamectin 0.2 mg/L and nicotinic · matrine 8.65 mg/L. The control effect on pear psylla ranged from 2.23% to 77.27% and the control effect on spirea aphid ranged from 43.2% to 93.69% at laboratory concentration. In conclusion, the four bio-pesticides showed good control effects on spirea aphid, and abamectin and nicotinic·matrine could be recommended as control agents on pear psylla.

  Organic Manure Partial Replacing Chemical Fertilizer: Effect on Supply Ability and Apparent Budget of Rice Soil Nitrogen 2018, 8 (12):  28-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020005 Abstract + ( 683 )   PDF ( 1372KB )   ( 476 ) We carried out five years location experiments to study the effect of manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer on rice yield, nitrogen use efficiency, and soil mineral nitrogen change in the Yangtze and Huaihe river basins, to provide technological and scientific evidence for rational utilization of manure resources and the adjustment of rice fertilization pattern. The results showed that manure had a significant impact on NO3--N and NH4+-N content in 0-20 cm soil layer compared with chemical fertilizer treatment, treatments of manure could reduce soil NH4 +-N content significantly after rice tillering and bolting, and increase apparent budget of soil nitrogen during rice growth season. Rice yield increased continuously in 5 years of manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer. Under the equal nitrogen ratio, there was no significant difference in rice yield among different fertilization treatments in the first three years, but from the fourth year, the yield was higher than that of HY. Nitrogen use efficiency of HECF and HEDM was 14.7% and 8.6% higher than that of HY, respectively. Manure treatment increased the stability and sustainability of rice yield, reduced the loss of soil mineral nitrogen, and increased the apparent budget of soil nitrogen and nitrogen efficiency. Manure partial replacing chemical fertilizer is a rational fertilization pattern to stabilize rice yield increase and improve nitrogen efficiency.

  Effect of Composite Microbial Agents on Crop Yield, Quality and Soil Nutrients 2018, 8 (12):  35-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060023 Abstract + ( 526 )   PDF ( 1127KB )   ( 551 ) A field experiment was conducted to evaluate the effect of conventional and reduced fertilization with a composite microbial agent on soil nutrients, crop nutrient status, and yield. The crops included broccoli, tea, grape, and‘Cuiguan’pear. The results indicated that integrated use of conventional fertilization with the composite microbial agent significantly increased broccoli yield by 16.6% (3704 kg/hm2), tea yield by 4.0% (54 kg/hm2), grape yield by 6.6% (1334 kg/hm2) and pear yield by 4.8% (1050 kg/hm2), respectively compared with that of control. Meanwhile, the output value of the above crops increased by 4089, 8124, 8535 and 5400 yuan/hm2 correspondingly. Additionally, organic matter, available nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium and pH value in soil increased to some extent.

  Effect of Application of Different Amino Acid Organic Fertilizers on Growth and Development，Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco 2018, 8 (12):  40-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090018 Abstract + ( 405 )   PDF ( 1265KB )   ( 363 ) The purpose of this experiment is to research the effects of application of different types and dosage of amino acid organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer on the growth and development and yield and quality of the flue-cured tobacco leaves, and provide a reference for the production practice. The field plot experiment was done to investigate the agronomical characteristics, unifornity, root dry weight, value and output, chemical components and mid leaves smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves by applying different types and dosage of amino acid organic fertilizer combined with chemical fertilizer in the contrast of bio-mixed organic fertilizer(control) and amino acid organic fertilizer A 150 kg/hm2 and amino acid organic fertilizer A 300 kg/hm2 and amino acid organic fertilizer B 150 kg/hm2 and amino acid organic fertilizer B 150 kg/hm2. The results indicated that proportion of mid high grade leaves and potassium to chlorine of the mid leaves ratio and content of total sugar of higher leaves and smoking quality of mid leaves were increased in the four amino acid organic fertilizer treatments compared with bio-organic fertilizer treatment, improving fragrance quality and increasing amount of fragrance of mid leaves. The contents of TN in leaves were decreased in the four treatments. High quality leaves containing the suitable ratio of chemical composition could be obtained by the amino acid organic fertilizer A treatment in 300 kg/hm2. The sensory evaluation indicated that the higher flavor quality of mid leaves could be obtained by the treatment. The mid leaves in amino acid organic fertilizer of 300 kg/hm2 treatment had the characteristics of suitable growth and development, increasing yield and quality and tobacco farmers’ income, and good root development. So the amino acid organic fertilizer A treatment in 300 kg/hm2 was the optimum combination in tobacco-growing region of Xiangxi.

  Spatial Distribution Characteristics of Soil Fertility in Township Scale of Shandong Province 2018, 8 (12):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18110010 Abstract + ( 730 )   PDF ( 2684KB )   ( 432 ) The soil fertility indicators on the township scale can embody the local basic soil fertility, and can also guide scientific fertilization effectively. The spatial distribution of soil fertility in 1504 agricultural towns of Shandong Province was studied by principal component analysis and spatial cluster analysis. The results showed that: (1) the content of organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium was (12.93±0.1) g/kg, (0.87±0.01) g/kg, (31.89±0.51) mg/kg and (128.64±1.48) mg/kg, respectively, based on the comprehensive score of soil quality, the soil fertility of each township in Shandong Province was divided into three categories: fertile, moderate and barren, accounting for 14.20% , 46.67% and 39.13% , respectively; conclusively, the quality of soil fertility in Shandong was at a lower level, and the proportion of middle and below was 85.8%; (2) the spatial distribution of soil fertility in Shandong increased first and then decreased from north to south, increased and then reduced from west to east; the region with relatively high soil fertility was centered on the central part, with divergence and ring-like distribution; via the central part of Weifang City, Zibo City, the northeast and southeast of Linyi City, the junction of the west of Zaozhuang City and Jining City, constituted a S-type; the southeastern Shandong peninsula had low soil coefficient, organic matter and available potassium were the main limiting factors, and the main reason for the lower soil fertility grade in the south- central, southwestern and southeastern regions were the low content of available phosphorus and available potassium; total nitrogen and available phosphorus were the main limiting factors of soil fertility in the northwest and northern regions. The results of this study have guiding significance for the targeted formulation of soil fertility improvement programs appropriate for different regions of Shandong Province.

  Construction of Highly Efficient Asexual System for Ipomoea aquatica 2018, 8 (12):  54-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110015 Abstract + ( 368 )   PDF ( 1120KB )   ( 396 ) The paper aims to construct a highly efficient asexual system of Ipomoea aquatic, which is the main cultivated vegetable in Chonqing. The young stems were cultured on MS medium with 6-BA, IAA, NAA and 2, 4-D of different concentrations. The results showed that, lots of callus were induced in the medium of 1/2 MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L+ 2,4-D 1.5 mg/L, and the inducement ratio was up to 93.3%. In seedling subculture, the differentiation medium of callus induction was 1/2MS+ 6-BA 0.5 mg/L, and the differentiation frequency was 92% . The medium of 1/2 MS + 0.9 mg/L NAA was suitable for water spinach root growth. The substrate composition of peat, mushroom dregs and vermiculite (1:1:1) was suitable for aseptic seedlings growth, with shoot length of 11.43 cm and the survival rate of 98%.

  Research Advances of Tomato Locule Formation 2018, 8 (12):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070008 Abstract + ( 852 )   PDF ( 1189KB )   ( 802 ) Tomato locule is closely related to fruit size and shape, the more locule number, the bigger the fruit is, and then it is more likely to be malformation, which affects yield and quality of tomato directly. In order to find out tomato locule formation and regulation mechanism, the author summarized the regulatory relationship between tomato locule and environment, plant growth regulator, heredity and genes. Low night temperature and high nutrition level promote tomato locule formation, low light density decreases the number of locule, the irrigating amount and frequency also influence the locule formation. GA3, B-9, BA, TIBA promote the loucle formation, GA3 plays the most important role. 2,4-D inhibits the locule formation, IAA and NAA make the locule number with a downward trend. The genes that regulate locule formation include lc, WUS, fin, fab and CLV3, and there are two regulation pathways, WUS-lc pathway and fin/fab-CLV3 pathway, respectively.

  Effect of Package Fertilizers on Yield and Quality of Greenhouse Tomato 2018, 8 (12):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050006 Abstract + ( 596 )   PDF ( 1341KB )   ( 469 ) Effects of different package fertilizers on tomato in facility were studied to provide references for high quality and high efficient production of tomato in Xi’an. Gibon package fertilizers (T1), Jingu package fertilizers (T2) and Yuanfeng compound fertilizers (T3, CK, namely the conventional fertilization) were used to set up three fertilization treatments. The results showed that: (1) as to soil organic matters, there was no obvious difference among the treatments after one season cultivation, however, compared with T3, T1 and T2 lowered the soil pH value and electrical conductivity; (2) the plant height, stem diameter, plant width and dry weight of stem and leaf of T3 were higher than those of T1 and T2, but tomato fruit weight, yield, soluble solid, vitamin C content and economic benefit of T3 were lower than those of T1 and T2, respectively. In general, the effect of Gibon package fertilizers and Jingu package fertilizers are superior to that of the conventional fertilization, however, the Gibon package fertilizers has lower cost and a higher economic benefit compared with Jingu package fertilizers, and could better attain the goal of cost-efficiency.

  Research Progress of the Second Fruiting of Grape in China 2018, 8 (12):  68-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18080022 Abstract + ( 475 )   PDF ( 1131KB )   ( 471 ) Grapes have strong adaptability, early fruit yield, flower bud super node differentiation and many times fruiting a year. In this paper, the physiological and biochemical basis of double harvest of grape in a year, the effects of temperature, pruning, medicaments and cultivation measures on the secondary fruit production of grape and the effects of secondary fruit production on the yield and fruit quality were summarized in detail. The way and node of inducing flower bud differentiation and germination are very important for developing the two results of grape development. However, due to the short time of popularization and application of the technology in China, most of the growers are not mature enough, and the climatic conditions and variety characteristics are highly demanded, resulting in slow development in actual production. In view of the present situation of production and research, the author suggests that the physiological and biochemical mechanism of secondary fruiting of grapes should be studied in combination with climatic conditions and variety characteristics, so as to speed up the introduction or breeding of more grape varieties with good flower bud differentiation and good quality to meet the diversified needs of the market, and for the successful grape varieties and corresponding cultivation management. In order to provide a theoretical basis for the production of grape secondary fruit, the model should be applied in small areas first, mastered and then mass produced, emphasized the role of demonstration and popularization, and strengthened the technical training and guidance for growers.

  Wild Blueberry Resources (Vaccinium) in Hunan Province: Preliminary Investigation and Utilization Suggestions 潘美山 and 2018, 8 (12):  73-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110002 Abstract + ( 540 )   PDF ( 1765KB )   ( 595 ) To clarify the distribution status of the wild germplasm resources of Vaccinium in Hunan Province, the wild blueberry plants in Hunan Province were investigated and studied scientifically and rationally. Combined with "The Third National Crop Germplasm Resources Collection＆Investigation Action-Hunan Province", the investigation methods were carried out in the counties and cities of Hunan Province by means of on-the-spot investigation, visit to the masses and the method of step-search. A total of 25 wild blueberry resources were collected from 7 sampling points. Through field investigation combined with literature record and preliminary identification of resources, the results showed that: the 12 species of 2 varieties reported in Hunan Province were mainly distributed in the range of 100-1800 m, the main habitats were mixed broadleaf forests or hillside shrubs, the leaves are oval, and were rarely lanceolate. The fruit was round, usually purple-black when mature. the preliminary identification collection resources only 2 wild types, respectively Vacciuium bracteatum and Vacciuium mandarinorum. In this paper, some suggestions on the potential and direction of the utilization of Vaccinium in Hunan Province were put forward. The purpose of this paper is to provide information base for digging and exploiting the wild resources of Vaccinium in Hunan Province.

  ‘Yuluxiang’Pear: Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers Affect Chlorophyll Content and Photosynthetic Characteristics 白牡丹,高鹏,郝国伟,杨盛 and 2018, 8 (12):  79-83.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060007 Abstract + ( 578 )   PDF ( 1356KB )   ( 617 ) To study the effects of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on photosynthetic characteristics of‘Yuluxiang’pear, taking 10- year- old‘Yuluxiang’pear trees as the study objects, we measured the net photosynthetic rate (Pn), transpiration rate (Tr), stomatal conductance (Cs), intercellular CO2 concentration (Ci), water use efficiency (WUE) and chlorophyll content (Chl) after applying nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium fertilizers by using the portable photosynthesis determinator and chlorophyll meter. The results showed that: Pn, WUE and Chl in pear leaves after the nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatment significantly increased, while Tr, Ci and Cs of the nitrogen fertilizer group significantly reduced; Pearson analysis showed a positive correlation between the application amount of nitrogen, phosphorus fertilizer and Pn, WUE, Chl, and a negative correlation between nitrogen fertilizer and Cs and Tr suggested that nitrogen might reduce the loss of leaf moisture by affecting Cs, reducing the Tr of the leaves; no significant differences between the control and the potassium fertilizer group were observed. In conclusion, the nitrogen and phosphate fertilizers could significantly increase the water use efficiency, promote the synthesis of chlorophyll, and improve the photosynthetic production efficiency in leaves of‘Yuluxiang’pear.

  Effect of Pruning Methods on Crown, Yield and Quality of Myrica rubra 2018, 8 (12):  84-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050023 Abstract + ( 419 )   PDF ( 1305KB )   ( 552 ) The 13a Myrica rubra trees were used as material, and the effect of different pruning methods on tress crown, fruit yield and quality of Myrica rubra were studied.The results showed that the crown height after ahearing big branch was 3.02 m, significantly lower than the control (4.78 m), and its yield was the highest(41.67 kg), which was significantly higher than the control yield of 15.67 kg; the fruit storage was the best, the rotting rate after 3 days’ storage was 40%, significantly lower than that of the control (100%), and there was no significant difference in the tree crown diameter, chlorophyll content of leaves,the soluble solids of fruit, the single fruit weight, the hardness of fruit and the color of fruit.

  Development of Village-level Meteorological Information Staff in Sichuan During 2000-2016 2018, 8 (12):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090023 Abstract + ( 350 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 439 ) To serve disaster prevention and agricultural output increment, and provide evidence for further development of the team of meteorological information staff in rural areas, the authors analyzed the characteristics, influencing factors and trends of the development of village-level meteorological information staff in Sichuan during 2000-2016, and pointed out the existing problems and countermeasures. The results showed that: (1) the number of the meteorological information staff increased year by year, especially from 2008 to 2015, which had a liner increase, but became stable since 2015; (2) the resource and classification of the staff developed from single to rich and had an obvious variation from 2009 to 2011, but became stable later; (3) the staff structure was continuously optimized, the personal ratio of high school and university degree increased rapidly while that of aging reduced quickly to 25% from 2008 to 2010, and became stable since 2011 with the majority of staff with higher education degree and were 30 to 50 years old; (4) the ratios of both training and sampling were rapidly decreased from 2008 to 2012, but became stable since 2012, while it had a poor level in sampling. The team of meteorological information staff in rural areas has developed from nothing in the past decade in Sichuan, the quality of human resource has been improved as well, but the overall situation is still not ideal. Staff training and management should be strengthened, and government investment should be increased to ensure the further development of the team.