Current issue

• 2019 Vol.9 No.7 Published:13 August 2019

  Breeding and Cultivation Techniques of Summer Sowing Type Edamame Variety‘Sudou No.18’ of SMV Resistance and Early Maturity 陈华涛,,,,, and 2019, 9 (7):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18040011 Abstract + ( 1637 )   PDF ( 1452KB )   ( 358 ) Edamame variety with the characteristics of SMV resistance and early maturity is bred to meet the demand of the edamame industry in China. The new variety is selected from the mutants of‘Sudou No.7’ with 60Co 15000 R artificial treatment, and identified through multi-year and multi-location traits selection for yield, edible quality, and SMV resistance. The new edamame variety‘Sudou No.18’with the resistance to soybean mosaic virus (SMV) is bred by the legumes breeding laboratory in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and is certificated by Chinese Soybean Variety Approval Committee (variety certification number: 20170021) in March 2017. This variety has the characteristics of early maturity and SMV resistance, and could be used for summer sowing in Jiangsu, Anhui, Hubei, Jiangxi, Shanghai and Zhejiang. In this study, the characteristics of‘Sudou No.18’and its high yield cultivation techniques are elaborated, which could provide references for relevant research institutions and agricultural extension departments.

  Planting Patterns: Effects on Soil Water Content and Growth of Sorghum 2019, 9 (7):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18120010 Abstract + ( 378 )   PDF ( 1408KB )   ( 316 ) In order to determine the relationships between planting pattern and soil water content, growth and development, yield and its constituent factors of Sorghum. An experiment with a sorghum variety ‘Tongza No. 139’ was conducted to investigate the effects of planting pattern on soil water content, growth and development, yield and its constituent factors of Sorghum under field conditions. The experiment design was the randomized complete block with 3 replications. 3 planting pattern (equal row spacing 50cm and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm2, row spacing 50cm and planting 2 rows with 1row empty and planting density 105 thousand plants/hm2, row spacing 50cm and planting 2 rows with 2 rows empty and planting density 70 thousand

  Local Potato Varieties in Yunnan Province: Source and Impact 易 靖,李灿辉 and 唐 唯 2019, 9 (7):  10-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050015 Abstract + ( 394 )   PDF ( 1931KB )   ( 403 ) The paper aims to understand the source of local potato varieties and name confusion problem in Yunnan Province. Field investigations, plant morphology observations, cytoplasmic genome polymorphism molecular marker detection and analysis, relevant historical literature digging methods were used to comprehensively investigate the sources and effects of 16 local potato varieties in Yunnan Provinces. It was showed that: (1) The local varieties were mainly distributed in poverty-stricken high altitudes mountainous areas with minorities living. (2) These local varieties were morphological characterized by flower type and color, tuber shape and skin/flesh color, plant type and leaf shape, and the presence of homonym and synonyms was common. (3) We also found abundant polymorphisms of chloroplast/mitochondrial genomic DNA (cp/mt DNA) among these local varieties, including W/α(D), W(A)/β, T/β, and W/γ(D), four kinds of cytoplasm types. (4) Potato was carried into Yunnan in the middle of 18th century. The introduction of local potato varieties in Yunnan Province was mainly related to the entry of western missionaries, the migration and distribution of ethnic minorities, the reformation of local communities, the opening and development of ethnic minority communities. This research reveal the source and the transmission routes of local potato varieties in Yunnan, understanding the important impact on the economic, social structure and cultural development, to better innovate potato breeding since the background of potato became the staple food in China.

  Screening and Evaluation of Green Control Bactericides for Tobacco Angular Leaf Spot Disease 2019, 9 (7):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040013 Abstract + ( 477 )   PDF ( 1277KB )   ( 453 ) In view of the single green control bactericide for tobacco angular leaf spot disease, it is urgent to screen out high-efficiency and low-toxicity bactericides for tobacco green control practice. Twelve bactericides with different nature were tested by plate counting method. Six bactericides with good laboratory bacteriostasis effect were selected for field control evaluation.The results showed that patented bactericide for Chinese Herbal Medicine, 12% zhongshengmycin WP and 2.1% eugenol?carvacrol AS had the best laboratory bacteriostasis effect,the bacteriostasis rate was 100%; Secondly,10 billion Bacillus subtilis WP were produced and 40% zinc thiazole SC, with bacteriostasis rates of 82.84% and 76.14%;The bacteriostasis rate of 6% kasugamycin WP was 63.47%, that of other bactericides was less than 50%, and that of 72% streptomycin sulfate SPX was only 44.1%. Field trials showed that the effects of 10 billion Bacillus subtilis WP, 40% zinc thiazole SC, Chinese herbal bactericide WF, 12% zhongshengmycin WP were from high to low, respectively. The field control effects of the four bactericides ranged from 60% to 65%. these four bactericides can be recommended for green control of Tobacco Angular Leaf Spot Disease.

  Isolation, Identification and Inhibition of Microorganisms Causing Yam Rotten 刘少军,,,,,,,, and 彭勇 2019, 9 (7):  24-30.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18100004 Abstract + ( 343 )   PDF ( 2254KB )   ( 476 ) The paper aims to study the rot of yam during storage. The pathogenic microorganisms causing rot of four yam cultivars after harvest were isolated in this research. The isolated strains were identified by morphological, 18S rRNA sequencing and phylogenetic tree. The results showed that the microorganisms causing rot of yam had high homogeneity with Penicillium sclerotigenum strain, which were determined to be P. sclerotigenum. The growth characteristics of P. sclerotigenum were studied by different pH (3, 5, 7, 9, 11) and different biocontrol agents (EM, Bacillus polysaccharide, Trichoderma harzianum, Bacillus subtilis and Streptomyces microflavus). The results showed that the optimum pH value of P. sclerotigenum was 5-7, and the optimum pH value after cultured 42 h was 5. The Bacillus polysaccharide and S. microflavus had better inhibitory efficacy on P. sclerotigenum.

  Effects of Different Amounts of Phosphate Fertilizer on Rapeseed Yield, Fertilizer Utilization and Soil Nutrients 2019, 9 (7):  31-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030009 Abstract + ( 437 )   PDF ( 1262KB )   ( 358 ) The paper aims to find the appropriate amount of phosphate fertilizer in rapeseed production and improve the efficiency. Taking the local variety ''Ningza 21'' as the test material, seed yield, economic benefit, utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer and soil nutrient content of rapeseed were studied by using different phosphate fertilizer dosages. The results showed that the growth and development of rapeseed could be promoted by adding phosphate fertilizer, and the plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of kernels per plan, number of seeds per silique and the weight of 1000 kernels all increased significantly by adding phosphate fertilizer, and when phosphorus application was 78.75 kg/hm2, the rapeseed yield was the highest and increased by 30% . The apparent utilization rate, physiological utilization rate and agronomic utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer of rapeseed increased first and then decreased. The apparent utilization rate of phosphate fertilizer varied from 9.35% to 15.88%, the physiological utilization rate varied from 40.82 to 71.21 kg/kg, and the agricultural utilization rate varied from 6.61 to 8.73 kg/kg. The partial productivity decreased with the increase of phosphate fertilizer dosage. The contents of some soil nutrients were increased by adding phosphate fertilizer, and the content of available phosphate in soil was obviously increased. The net profit of rapeseed increased with the increase of phosphorus application, while the net profit of excessive phosphorus application decreased. Based on the study, it is recommended that the applicable amount of phosphate fertilizer in rapeseed production in this region is 78.75 kg/hm2.

  Effects of Nano-magnesium Hydroxide, Ryegrass and Arbuscular Mycorrhiza on Radish Cd Concentration and Soil Cd Chemical Forms and Microbial Populations 2019, 9 (7):  37-43.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030011 Abstract + ( 377 )   PDF ( 1294KB )   ( 386 ) A field experiment was conducted to study the effect of nano magnesium hydroxide (nMg), interplanting ryegrass and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) on Cd concentration in radish and ryegrass, and soil Cd chemical forms, Cd concentrations, and microorganism populations. The results showed that compared with control, Cd concentration of shoot and root in“nMg”,“nMg +AMF”,“nMg + ryegrass”and“nMg +AMF + ryegrass”treatment decreased by 13.7%-17.4% (shoot) and 32.5%-41.4% (root), respectively. Compared with control, soil Cd concentration decreased by 7.3%-17.1%. Soil Cd chemical forms were in the order of RES-Cd > FeMn-Cd > CAB-Cd > OM-Cd > EX-Cd, and the concentration of EX-Cd in soil reduced after the application of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. After planting ryegrass and inoculating arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, the number of bacteria in soil increased significantly, while the number of actinomycetes in soil did not change significantly. Compared with control, soil pH value and CEC increased significantly in“nMg”,“nMg +AMF”, “nMg + ryegrass”and“nMg +AMF +ryegrass”treatment by 7.0%-11.1% and 66.7%-76.9%. In general,“nMg + AMF +ryegrass”is better than single or combined remediation methods in cadmium contaminated soil.

  Effects of Plant Growth Regulators on Cutting Rooting of Twigs of Cherry Dwarf-rootstock‘YT101’ 2019, 9 (7):  44-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18060004 Abstract + ( 484 )   PDF ( 1323KB )   ( 333 ) Aiming at the poor survival rate for twig cutting of cherry dwarf-rootstock‘YT101’and obtaining the optimum formula of rooting regulators, the effects of different rooting regulators with various concentrations and soaking durations on cutting rooting of twigs of cherry dwarf-rootstock‘YT101’were studied. The results showed that the plant growth regulators increased the rooting percentage significantly and the combination of IBA with concentration of 1 g/L was the optimum. The rooting percentage and root length did not demonstrate significant difference after different soaking durations. By increasing the soaking duration, the root number had a slightly reduction after a little increase. Considering the practicability and convenience, it was appropriate to use IBA 1 g/L with soaking duration of five minutes, while the quick dipping could be applied in batch production. Compare with that of‘Gisela 5’and‘Gisela 6’, rooting percentage (96.46%), root number (23.73) and root length (17.71 cm) of cherry dwarf-rootstock‘YT101’were the maximum after the application of IBA 1 g/L with quick dipping.

  Utilizing the IAD Index to Determine Internal Quality Attributes of‘Xuxiang’Kiwi after Harvest 2019, 9 (7):  48-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190400004 Abstract + ( 359 )   PDF ( 1337KB )   ( 293 ) The main aim of this work was to explore non-destructive techniques to accurately evaluate the internal quality of‘Xuxiang’kiwi fruit. The correlation between the quality factors including flesh firmness (FF), soluble solid contents (SSC), titratable acids contents (TA) or vitamin C contents (Vc) and IAD index during after-ripening have been explored for 3 years and‘Xuxiang’kiwi was as material. The result indicated that the FF and Vc showed a highly significant and positive correlation with IAD index, the SSC showed a significant and negative correlation with IAD index, and the TA showed a significant and positive correlation with IAD index, and the regression equations were also given. So according to the result we can utilize the IAD index determines the internal quality of‘Xuxiang’kiwi during after-ripening rapidly and non-destructively.

  Sugar Beet Mechanized Cultivation: Technical Integration of Agricultural Machinery and Agronomy 2019, 9 (7):  53-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18070010 Abstract + ( 384 )   PDF ( 1201KB )   ( 324 ) There was adequate supply of sugar beet root for the development of sugar industry. In the context of the rapid rise in the agricultural labor price, sugar beet mechanized cultivation should be realized for the development of sugar beet production. Through the analysis of the agronomic technical requirements in sugar beet planting process, the technical integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy was discussed, and the progressiveness and practicability of agronomy and agricultural machinery techniques were taken into consideration. The path of coordinated technical development between agricultural machinery and agronomy in the process of sugar beet production was put forward to reduce the cost, decrease the loss, raise the yield and quality of sugar beet for the sugar beet planting benefit, which could promote the healthy and sustainable development of beet sugar industry and ensure the sugar supply of China.

  Design of Geographic Two-dimensional Code of Agricultural Products Based on Digital Map 2019, 9 (7):  57-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18050019 Abstract + ( 422 )   PDF ( 2116KB )   ( 310 ) Traditional QR codes are simple expressions of attribute information, but lack geographic information content. The paper aims to visualize of the spatial information of agricultural production area. Through the analysis of the spatial attributes of two- dimensional codes, the concept of geographic twodimensional codes is proposed, and the origin-product-consumer information inquiry and traceability channels are established. The agricultural product geographical two-dimensional code integrates the digital map with the spatial location information of the production areas in the form of images to be passed to the consumers, aiming to satisfy the consumers’concern about the source of agricultural products, establish the channel of traceability of agricultural products’sources and realize the quick and easy query to safeguard the rights and interests of agricultural products brands. Taking the selenium-enriched tea in Ziyang County of Shaanxi Province as an example, a geographic map code for agricultural products based on digital maps was designed.

  Regional Moisture-dependent Meteorological Factors’Change Affect Wheat Yield in Linfen 2019, 9 (7):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030032 Abstract + ( 385 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 340 ) To provide suitable cultivating techniques of wheat under future climate change, the dynamic change, correlation and effect on wheat yield of seven moisture-dependent meteorological factors from 1987 to 2017 in Linfen were studied, including rainfall, temperature, soil temperature (10 cm), evaporation, wind speed, relative humidity and sunshine hours. The results showed that the factors’dynamic variation characteristics were: in wheat growth stage each year, the rainfall, mean temperature and mean soil temperature (10 cm) increased progressively, however, evaporation, sunshine hours, mean relative humidity and mean wind speed decreased progressively; the evaporation of every season was summer＞ spring＞ autumn＞ winter in wheat production year, the evaporation of every month was 6＞7＞5＞8＞4＞3＞9＞10＞ 2＞11＞1＞12. Mean temperature was significantly and negatively correlated with evaporation; mean wind speed and sunshine hours were positively correlated with evaporation; the coefficient of variation was rainfall＞ evaporation＞ mean wind speed＞ mean relative humidity＞ mean soil temperature＞ sunshine hours＞ mean temperature; the mean temperature of every season and month were positively correlated with evaporation. In wheat growth stage, mean temperature, mean soil temperature (10 cm) and sunshine hours were negatively correlated with wheat yield; but mean relative humidity, evaporation, rainfall and mean wind speed were positively correlated with yield; rainfall was positively correlated with yield, and the correlation coefficient of different periods’rainfall with yield was production year＞ growth stage＞ fallow period. The study could provide technological support for wheat production under climate change.

  Yantai Winter Wheat: Temperature Change in Different Growth Stages During 1971-2015 宋俊芬,王学芬 and 衣淑玉 2019, 9 (7):  68-73.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040024 Abstract + ( 565 )   PDF ( 1376KB )   ( 331 ) To analyze the effects of temperature change in different growth stages on winter wheat. Based on the average temperature data of Yantai from 1971 to 2015, we studied the inter-annual changes, the decadal change rates and mutations by using the linear trend rate and Mann-Kendall test. The results showed that: the average temperature in the whole growth period, the vegetative period, the vegetative and reproductive growth period, the reproductive growth period increased at the rate of 0.15℃/10 a (P<0.01), 0.12℃/10 a (P<0.05), 0.21℃/10 a (P<0.01) and 0.28℃/10 a (P<0.01), respectively; the coefficient of variation and the mutations in the vegetative period, the vegetative and reproductive growth period, the reproductive growth period and the whole growth period was 17.27%, 11.80%, 3.94%, 8.05%, respectively, appeared in 1987, 1991, 1981 and 1982, respectively. The increase of temperature eventually makes it difficult to complete the vernalization phase and shortens the bud differentiation period, besides, the reproductive growth period may experience extreme weather such as hot-arid wind in early summer, which may cause a drop in wheat yield. Under the background of global warming, we should conform to climate change, reasonably match winter wheat varieties and take corresponding management measures to promote the sustainable development of high yield and high quality of agriculture in Yantai.

  Building a Long-Term Mechanism of Agro-product Quality and Safety Supervision in Sichuan Province 杜兴端 and 李晓 2019, 9 (7):  74-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030028 Abstract + ( 454 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 337 ) [Objective]Agro-product quality and safety issue is one of the major concerns catching the government and people’s attention. How to strengthen source prevention, process management, risk control, innovating regulatory methods and improving regulatory effect are the major challenges that the current regulatory work faces. [Method]Based on field investigation in Sichuan Province, this paper analyzed the situation of agro-product quality and safety supervision in Sichuan Province from supervision system, law enforcement system, testing system, risk emergency system, traceability system of agro-product quality and safety supervision. [Result]It revealed that the supervision system is not perfect, the difficulty of law enforcement supervision is large, the supervision of receiving, storing and transporting links is weak, the detection ability is weak and the traceability of agro-product quality and safety is difficult in agro-product quality and safety supervision in Sichuan Province. [Conclusion]Building a long-term mechanism of agro-product quality and safety supervision in Sichuan Province were put forward through input effective source management mechanism, reasonable origin access management mechanism, scientific quality and safety monitoring system, perfect quality and safety traceability management system and feasible network supervision system.

  Xinjiang Walnut Industry: The Development Status and Countermeasures 2019, 9 (7):  80-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030006 Abstract + ( 503 )   PDF ( 1298KB )   ( 569 ) Through investigation and data collection, the current situation and existing problems of Xinjiang walnut industry were analyzed. The main problems are: backward technology on mechanized production, precise management of water and fertilizer, and standardized production; low capacity processing that still dominated by preliminary processing after harvesting; and the difficulties in selling. Suggestions on the development of walnut industry in Xinjiang are proposed, which include: (1) strengthening the government’s support to the walnut industry by formulating relevant preferential policies; (2) improving the quality and level of production base by promoting the yield, quality and efficiency; (3) promoting the industrial transformation and upgrading by enhancing the processing capacity; (4) enhancing the supporting capacity of science and technology; (5) exploiting the market potential and building the brand influence of Xinjiang walnut, so as to achieve efficient development of walnut industry in Xinjiang.

  Research on the Transformation and Popularization of Agricultural Scientific and Technological Achievements 2019, 9 (7):  87-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19030029 Abstract + ( 385 )   PDF ( 1041KB )   ( 353 ) Since China’s reform and opening up, the agricultural science and technology innovation has achieved fruitful achievements. This paper discusses major agricultural scientific and technological achievements winning the national“Three Awards”, namely the State Natural Science Award, the State Technology Invention Award, and the State Progress Prize in Science, and the popularization effect of the achievements, showing that scientific and technological progress has an increasingly important role in improving China’s agricultural yield and efficiency, raising farmers’income steadily and pushing forward the sustainable development of modern agriculture. However, at the present stage, there are still problems in the transformation and promotion of agricultural scientific and technological achievements in China. Therefore, it is necessary to innovate the mechanism of the transformation and extension of agricultural scientific and technological achievements, formulate the methods of transformation and incentive, and encourage the initiative of farmers and new production and operation subjects to undertake the transformation of achievements, thus to promote the sustainable development of China’s agriculture and rural economy.

  The Practical Way of Supporting the Construction of“First-class”Agriculture-related Discipline in Zhejiang University’s New Rural Development Research Institute Under the Background of Rural Revitalization Strategy 2019, 9 (7):  91-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700111 Abstract + ( 523 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 509 ) Since the establishment of Zhejiang University New Rural Development Research Institute in 2012,it have been aiming at the national strategy,guided by the actual needs of agricultural and rural economic development,vigorously promoted the construction concept innovation,fully exerted the comprehensive advantages,and strived to become the driving and introduction area. An important force in the construction and development of agriculture and new rural areas. The Party’s 19th report puts forward the strategy of rural revitalization,and the key to rural revitalization lies in talent and technology. The Institute of New Rural Development of Zhejiang University has focused on these two key points to explore relevant experimental approaches to the construction of agronomy.

  Agglomeration Development of Leisure Agricultural Resources in Hunan: The Present Situation and Countermeasures 2019, 9 (7):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18030006 Abstract + ( 394 )   PDF ( 1714KB )   ( 426 ) Through literature review, GIS spatial analysis and induction, we analyzed leisure farm agglomeration development model, five-star farm space agglomeration characteristics and leisure agricultural industry cluster status in Hunan. The results show that leisure farms could be divided into 5 kinds of development models, namely, farm guesthouse, leisure farm, leisure agriculture demonstration garden, grouped development and agricultural industrial park. The five-star farm in Hunan has initially formed in space into 6 cluster groups, such as Changsha- Zhuzhou- Xiangtan City, Heng Mountain scenic area, Nanling hillock and mountainous region, Hunan middle basin, western Dongting lake, Zhangjiajie scenic area and the western mountainous region of Huaihua. The leisure agriculture has preliminarily formed 4 characteristic areas based on the advantages and characteristics of regional resources. However, there are still some problems, such as incomplete layout and planning, insufficient resource elements’concentration and insufficient industrial integration. It is suggested that the overall layout should be optimized in accordance with the“a center, a region, and three bands”, With the government guidance, the leisure agriculture and rural tourism industry should be developed by cultivating regional advanced characteristic industries, strengthening the agglomeration of resource elements, and setting demonstrations for the overall development.