Current issue

• 2021 Vol.11 No.9 Published:20 September 2021

  Effect of Wide Bed Planting on Dry Matter Accumulation and Translocation of Winter Wheat After Anthesis Zheng Beibei, Wang Yanmin, Ni Yongjing, Liu Hongjie, Zhang Yafei, Liu Songtao, Fu Ruhong, Sun Fengling 2021, 11 (9):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0180 Abstract + ( 454 )   HTML ( 17 )   PDF ( 1371KB )   ( 287 ) To investigate the effects of different sowing ways on the growth and yield formation of winter wheat, cultivar ‘Shangnong 5’ was studied on grain filling rate, dry matter accumulation and translocation of after anthesis by using the wide bed planting and conventional seed planting, respectively. Results indicated that the grain filling rate at quick-increase and slight-increase filling stage was significantly increased and the grout duration was significantly shortened than that of conventional seed planting, suggesting that the wide bed planting was beneficial to the accumulation of dry matter in various organs after flowering. It conforms to cubic polynomial: Y=b+b1x+b2x2+b3x3, the dry matter accumulation of each organ was significantly increased and reached the maximum at 10-12 d after flowering, and then it was rapidly decreased. Compared with conventional treatment, the amount of dry matter transfer was increased by 17.92% in vegetative organs after flowering under wide bed planting treatment. The contribution rate of dry matter transfer in the vegetative organs to grains was above 45% at these two treatments. In brief, the rates of grain filling and dry matter transfer are significantly increased at the wide bed planting treatment, indicating that this cultivation way could increase the formation of wheat yield and reduce the effect of dry-hot wind at later growth stage and the influence of aging on wheat yield risk.

  EMS Mutagenesis of Chinese Yam Tuber Nan Huailin, Wang Yaoqin, Liu Jianping, Wang Xiaobing, Zhang Feng 2021, 11 (9):  7-10.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000235 Abstract + ( 416 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1334KB )   ( 221 ) The aim is to determine the optimal concentration and time of EMS mutation for Chinese yam tuber. Taking the tuber of ‘Jinshan 1’ as material, tuber mutagenesis was carried out by using different concentrations of EMS solution and soaking time. The emergence rate, seedling rate and variation rate of tuber were compared. The results showed that when the concentration of EMS solution was lower than 0.5% and the soaking time was shorter than 18 h, the emergence rate, seedling rate and variation rate remained unchanged with the prolongation of soaking time; when the soaking time was between 18 h and 36 h, the emergence rate increased with the prolongation of soaking time, but the variation rate remained unchanged. When the concentration of EMS solution was 0.5%-0.9% and the soaking time was less than 24 h, the emergence rate decreased and the variation rate increased with the prolongation of soaking time. When the concentration of EMS solution was 0.9% and soaking time was 24 h, the emergence rate was about 50%. When the concentration of EMS solution was more than 0.9% and the soaking time was longer than 30 h, the variation rate decreased with the prolongation of soaking time. Taken together, the optimal EMS solution is 0.9% and the best soaking time is 24-30 h for Chinese yam tuber.

  Identification of Rhizoctonia solani and Its Pathogen in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus Seedling Stage Chen Aichang, Wang Yanxia, Qi Yonghong, Luo Ning, Li Huixia 2021, 11 (9):  11-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0082 Abstract + ( 336 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1989KB )   ( 407 ) In order to clarify the pathogen and pathogenicity of Rhizoctonia solani in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling stage, the pathogen was isolated by tissue isolation method and identified according to its culture traits, morphology and molecular biological characteristics. The results showed that the disease pathogens were identified as Rhizotonia solani. This study first reported Rhizoctonia solani and its pathogen in Astragalus membranaceus var. mongholicus seedling stage, which could provide a theoretical basis for the control of the disease in production.

  The Control Effect of Three Fungicides and Their Combinations on Grape Downy Mildew: A Preliminary Report Wang Xiaolin, Zhu Chenggang, Wu Jie, Huang Jiexue, Ji Muxiang 2021, 11 (9):  15-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300041 Abstract + ( 608 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1289KB )   ( 236 ) The paper aims to solve the resistance of grape downy mildew to conventional fungicides. The control effects of fluopimomide, cyazofamid, oxathiapiprolin, fluopimomide + cyazofamid and fluopimomide + oxathiapiprolin on grape downy mildew were tested using the field inhibition and control methods. The results showed that the three fungicides and their combinations had certain effects on grape downy mildew, the protective effect of them was higher than the curative effect, seven days after 3 times’ application, the disease leaf prevention rate of the three fungicides and their combinations was 87.23%-100%, the disease index prevention effect was 96.47%-100%; and fourteen days after 3 times’ application, the disease leaf prevention rate was 54.39%-89.66%, and the disease index prevention effect was 78.40%-97.33%. Among the three fungicides and their combinations, fluopimomide (50%, WDG diluted by 7500 times)+ oxathiapiprolin (10%, OD diluted by 5000 times) showed the best control effect seven days after 3 times’ application, the disease leaf prevention rate and disease index prevention effect was 75.17% and 81.77% respectively; cyazofamid (100 g/L, SC diluted by 2500 times) showed the best control effect fourteen days after 3 times’ application, the disease leaf prevention rate and disease index prevention effect was 64.30% and 73.42%, respectively. According to the protective effect and the curative effect in field, we suggest that fluopimomide (50%, WDG diluted by 7500 times)+ oxathiapiprolin (10%, OD diluted by 5000 times) should be recommended as a fungicide applied on grape downy mildew.

  Sensitivity of Corynespora cassiicola Causing Cucumber Corynespora Spot to Boscalid in Tianjin Gao Wei, Yang Lijuan, Wang Yong, Ma Jianfang, Liu Yaquan 2021, 11 (9):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0042 Abstract + ( 373 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 381 ) To investigate the sensitivity level of Corynespora cassiicola to boscalid, a new carboxamide, 102 isolates of C. cassiicola in Tianjin were evaluated by mycelial growth rate method. The results showed that there existed significant difference in the sensitivity of C. cassiicola. The minimum value of EC50 was 0.29 μg/mL, and the maximum value was 773.33 μg/mL. The total resistance frequency of the 102 strains to boscalid was 78.43%, and the high resistance frequency was 4.9%. The application frequency of boscalid in cucumber production in Tianjin is relatively high, and it has moderate resistance risk, which is not suitable for the control of Corynespora leaf spot in Tianjin.

  The Threshold Value of the Addition Amount of Amino Acid Waste in Manure Qiao Yan, Hu Cheng, Zhang Zhi, Liu Donghai, Chen Yunfeng, Li Shuanglai 2021, 11 (9):  24-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200026 Abstract + ( 361 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1170KB )   ( 367 ) The amino acid waste is a good additive for manure because of its low cost and rich in nutrients. Estimating the threshold addition amount of amino acid waste will provide an important evidence for the development of bio-organic fertilizer. This study evaluated the safety of the manure which has been added with liquid amino acid waste. The addition amount included seven levels from 0 to 15%. The simulation experiment was conducted to analyze pH, EC, Cl - concentration, and seed germination index (GI). The results showed that pH was steady within 3% and decreased with the increasing addition amount. The EC and Cl - concentration showed an improving trend, and the Cl - concentration was lower than 3% at the 10% addition level. The GI could be more than 75% at 1% addition level, however, the GI plunged at the 3% addition level. Therefore, the addition level of amino acid waste in manure could be controlled at 3%, the safety threshold value for developing bio-organic fertilizer is recommended at 1%.

  Effects of Different Phosphate Fertilizer Dosages and Application Methods on Soil Available Phosphorus Distribution and Winter Wheat Yield Li Juanru, Sun Mingqing, Zhang Hui, Song Xiaoying, Hou Dashan, Gao Qian, Zhang Guanghui, Xu Cailing, Tai Fenglei, Liu Xincui, Li Guang, Chang Yuanyuan 2021, 11 (9):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800153 Abstract + ( 504 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 238 ) To maximize the yield increasing potential of phosphate fertilizer, it is necessary to reduce the amount and increase the efficiency of fertilizer application in middle and south area of Hebei Province. Through field experiments and laboratory tests, the effects of different P application treatments on soil available P distribution, winter wheat yield and yield factors are studied. The results show that (1) compared with the conventional application of phosphate fertilizer, the integration of water and fertilizer could significantly increase the available phosphorus content in the 20-60 cm soil layer; (2) to reduce the base application of solid phosphate fertilizer and adopt the integrated spraying of liquid phosphate fertilizer with water in spring could increase the kernels per spike and 1000-grain weight and increase the yield of winter wheat; (3) on the basis of 90 kg/hm2 solid (P2O5) as appropriate base application of phosphate fertilizer, wheat yield is better by spraying 30 kg/hm2 liquid (P2O5) in spring. Base application of solid phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) and dressing water-fertilizer twice in spring could achieve the application of phosphate fertilizer “downward shift to increase efficiency”.

  Effects of Different Nitrogen Reduction Fertilization Models on Rice Soil Nutrients and the Number of Cultivable Microorganism Zhang Hui, Yu Duan, Lu Wencai, Ma Lianjie, Liao Dunxiu 2021, 11 (9):  33-37.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0036 Abstract + ( 376 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 312 ) To study the effects of different nitrogen reduction fertilization models on rice soil nutrients and cultivable microorganism quantity, four treatments were set up to analyze soil nutrients and cultivable microorganism quantity and compare the effects of different fertilization models. The results showed that compared with CK, the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium were significantly increased. The content of organic matter, pH, total potassium, available phosphorus and available potassium all increased after 20% nitrogen fertilizer reduction (T2). 30% nitrogen fertilizer + 50% organic nitrogen (T3) fertilization could significantly increase the content of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, alkali hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium in soil, but there was no significant difference among the treatments. In the rice seedling stage, the number of cultivable bacteria, fungi, actinomycetes and bacillus in the soil fertilized with 30% nitrogen + 50% organic nitrogen (T3) significantly increased. During the tillering stage of rice, the number of fungi that could be cultivated in soil increased significantly under 100% nitrogen fertilizer treatment (T1). In the rice maturity period, the difference between the treatments was not obvious. There was no significant difference in the number of cultivable Trichoderma during rice growth. Therefore, it is an important measure to reduce the accumulation of soil nutrients and maintain their stable content by implementing reasonable nitrogen reduction fertilization in rice vegetable rotation soil.

  Study on Phosphorus Forms and Their Influencing Factors in Tea Garden Red Soil Xie Guoxiong, Ruan Yifei, Wu Qifeng 2021, 11 (9):  38-44.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800169 Abstract + ( 411 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1312KB )   ( 293 ) To understand the chemical forms of phosphorus and the biological availability of phosphorus in tea garden soil, 35 samples of representative tea garden red soil were collected from Zhejiang Province, and the forms of phosphorus in soil were identified in detail, and compared with those in surrounding wasteland red soil. The results showed that inorganic phosphorus was the main phosphorus form in tea plantation red soil, and the average proportion of organic phosphorus and inorganic phosphorus in total phosphorus of the soil was 27.39% and 72.61%, respectively. The proportion of organic phosphorus in total phosphorus was positively correlated with the content of soil organic carbon. The organic phosphorus in tea garden red soil was mainly moderately active and moderately stable, and the proportion of highly stable and active organic phosphorus was relatively low. Meanwhile the occluded phosphate was the main inorganic phosphorus in the soil, followed by iron phosphorus and aluminium phosphorus, and calcium-bound phosphorus was relatively low. The proportions of Ca2-P, Al-P and Fe-P in total phosphorus increased with the accumulation of soil phosphorus. The application of organic fertilizer could promote the formation of organic phosphorus, Ca2-P and Al-P in tea garden red soil. Compared with wasteland red soil, tea garden red soil had higher organic phosphorus, Ca2-P and Al-P. Soil available phosphorus was well correlated with Ca2-P and Al-P.

  The Effect of Multi-element Formula Fertilization in the Third-generation Seed Orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata Chen Yuanzhen, Chen Ailing, Li Baofu 2021, 11 (9):  45-51.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0185 Abstract + ( 371 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1260KB )   ( 251 ) Cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard is the important guarantee for the cultivation of high and stable yield of Cunninghamia lanceolata varieties, and has positive significance in forestry production. Through the experimental research, this paper explored the abundance and deficiency of soil nutrients and the balance of nutrients in the third-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata and determined the optimal fertilizer ratio and fertilizer amount in the Cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard to provide recommended fertilization formula in hilly red soil distribution area of northern Fujian. The fertilization experiment of N, P, K, Ca, Mg, B, Mo and other elements in the third-generation Cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard in northern Fujian was carried out by using “3414” formula fertilization design. This study designed the fertilization levels of N, P and K (molybdenum fertilizer processing was added) and the fertilization levels of Ca, Mg and B respectively. And at the same time, it took the number (weight) of cones, seed ratio, seed yield and DBH as evaluation indexes and fitted the function equation of fertilizer effect to study the law of action among nutrients and proposed the optimal fertilizer ratio and fertilizer amount. The results showed that the nutrient contents of N, P, K, Ca and Mg in seed orchard soil were low, the content of B was in medium level, and the content of Mo was high; the combined effects of N, P, Mg and N-K, Ca-B fertilizers on the yield of seed orchard reached significant or extremely significant levels, while the effect of single fertilizer was smaller. And the effect of single application of K, Ca and B had almost no effect, while the effect of combined application of fertilizer was better. The comprehensive effect analysis results showed that the maximum yield fertilizer combination of seed orchard was: 100 g urea + 897 g superphosphate + 150 g potassium chloride + 150 g lime + 105 g magnesium sulfate + 75 g borax of per plant, and molybdenum fertilizer was applied to each plant. The dosage of N, P2O5, K2O, CaO, Mg, B and Mo was 46.0, 107.7, 90.0, 75.0, 31.4, 2.3 and 5.0 g, respectively, and the ratio was N: P2O5: K2O: CaO: Mg: B: Mo = 1.0:2.3:2.0:1.6:0.7:0.05:0.1. The multi-element formula fertilization could improve the yield and quality of Cunninghamia lanceolata seed orchard, the yield of single cone of per plant, single cone weight, seed ratio and seed orchard yield were significantly higher than those of the mother tree without fertilization. According to the fertilization scheme in this study, the seed orchard yield could reach 45.99-95.65 g/plant theoretically. The yield of the macroelement fertilization experiment reached 80% to 86% of the theoretical yield and the yield of the medium and trace element fertilization experiment was about 70% of the theoretical yield. The average yield of the actual seed orchard was about 40% of the predicted yield. It is expected that the yield of the third-generation seed orchard of Cunninghamia lanceolata could be greatly improved by rational fertilization.

  Two Kinds of Leaf-making Techniques on the Quality of Fine Cigarettes: A Comparative Analysis Lu Youxiang, Zhang Jin, Zhou Liangming, Shao Mingwei, Wang Hua, Wang Xuhong, He Jinhua, Kong Xiang, Wang Shaolin 2021, 11 (9):  52-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0153 Abstract + ( 363 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1611KB )   ( 483 ) To determine the leaf-making techniques for fine cigarettes, the structures of rhombic and hexagonal framed sheets were compared from three aspects of leaf quality, leaf shredding quality and cigarette quality. The results show that: (1) hexagonal framed sheets have the advantages of relatively uniform size, good water content and filament stability, and uniform distribution of cigarette density, but the disadvantages are weak fragmentation resistance, whole filament rate and tobacco quality; the utilization ratio of cut tobacco is low, but those characteristics of rhombic frame sheets are the opposite.; (2) compared with rhombic frame cigarettes, hexagon frame cigarettes have better stability of single cigarette weight, cigarette resistance, total particles and tar, better combustion fly ash and holding ability, shorter combustion time and less number of suction ports, no obvious change of filar filling value and other physical smoke indicators after cigarette processing. Therefore, from the intrinsic quality of cigarettes, it is more appropriate to select the cigarettes processed by hexagon frame column for the fine cigarettes.

  Yield Benefit of Cauliflower of Different Sowing Dates in the Cold Mountainous Area of Central Yunnan Li Yanlan, Zhang Yunming, Li Xiang, Hu Xinzhou, Duan Yonghua, Liu Jianjian, An Zhengyun, Yi Lihua, Cai Shujiang, Wang Aiming, Tao Chunhong, Shi Lanfen, Li Wenjing, Yang Jincheng 2021, 11 (9):  58-63.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0095 Abstract + ( 365 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1246KB )   ( 341 ) To explore the best sowing date for anti-season cultivation of cauliflower in the middle and high altitude cold mountainous area of Yunnan, and promote the application of integrated high-efficiency cultivation techniques, Daxi Village in Tadian Town, Eshan County, Yunnan Province with an altitude of 2250m was selected for a randomized block experiment in 2017-2018. The test of each sowing date showed that the growth period of cauliflower increased with the delay of the sowing date, and the harvest period of the flower bulbs also gradually increased with the delay of the sowing date except July 10. The plant height of cauliflower, outer leaf number, development degree, ball height, ball diameter and single ball weight and other agronomic traits had a tendency of first decrease then increase with the delay of the sowing date; the disease index of black rot and downy mildew in the rosette stage first increased then decreased with the delay of the sowing date. With the delay of the sowing date, the plot yield of cauliflower showed a trend of gradually decreasing and then gradually increasing. The yield of sowing date April 20 and April 30 had a significant difference from that of the other 7 sowing dates. Based on the production, yield, output value and commercial performance of the anti-season cultivation of cauliflower in the cold mountainous area, the optimum sowing time is recommended as April 20-30.

  Comparative Analysis of Helianthus tuberosus Varieties in Yan’an Wang Gaigai, Zhou Jun, Song Yun 2021, 11 (9):  64-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000211 Abstract + ( 453 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1129KB )   ( 377 ) The suitable varieties of Helianthus tuberosus for planting in Yan'an were screened out to solve the problem of single variety and promote the industrialization of H. tuberosus. We conducted a field comparison test on 6 introduced H. tuberosus varieties and 1 local variety, and investigated the growth period, agronomic traits and economic traits of each variety in field. The results show that the comprehensive traits of ‘Langyu No.1’ and ‘Langyu No.2’ are relatively good, with the yield of 57378.68 and 56228.10 kg/hm2, respectively, which is 5.11% and 3.00% higher than that of the control. The rest of the varieties show average performance, their yields are lower than that of the control and should be further tested under field condition. ‘Langyu No.1’ and ‘Langyu No.2’ are more suitable for planting and promoting in Yan’an.

  Effect of Cultivation with Dome Pergola on Fruit Quality of Myrica rubra Chen Zhengdao, Lou Yanhua, Tang Jing 2021, 11 (9):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0117 Abstract + ( 406 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1392KB )   ( 298 ) The paper aims to study the influence of Myrica rubra dome pergola cultivation mode on fruit quality, and to solve the problem of fruit quality degradation caused by rain and drosophila in the mature stage of M. rubra, so as to lay a foundation for the sustainable and healthy development of M. rubra industry. Using ‘Dongkui’ M. rubra as the test material, the dome pergola cultivation test of M. rubra was carried out in Qingtian, Zhejiang Province in 2016, and the physical and chemical indexes of fruit during harvest period were measured and compared. Compared with open field cultivation, the single fruit weight, fruit firmness, soluble solids, total sugar, Vc content and sweetness of M. rubra under dome pergola cultivation mode were increased by 10.3%, 19.2%, 10.5%, 17.6%, 20.3% and 17.8% respectively. Meanwhile, the titratable acid content was decreased by 24.5% and the worm fruit rate was reduced by 92.0%. The dome pergola cultivation mode of M. rubra could achieve the effect of a shelter from rain and preventing insects, thus improving the fruit quality and effectively promoting the green and efficient production of M. rubra.

  Engineering Technology for Optimizing the Thermal Environment and the Construction of Solar Greenhouse: Research Progress Zhang Jitao, Shi Xiangyuan, Li Yongping, Zhang Xiaochen, Wang Baoping, Zhou Jing, Wang Xiuhong 2021, 11 (9):  72-78.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0004 Abstract + ( 461 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 1292KB )   ( 667 ) Solar greenhouse, as an energy-saving agricultural production building, plays an important role in improving farmers’ production efficiency and people’s living standard. In order to clarify the development level and direction of solar greenhouse engineering technology, this paper summarizes recent research on the wall structure optimization of solar greenhouse type, innovation-type solar greenhouse, heat preservation and storage engineering technology, photovoltaic solar greenhouse and so on, and discusses the development direction of solar greenhouse in construction and thermal environment engineering. The development trends of solar greenhouse are: (1) the construction of solar greenhouse is developing towards simplification and standardization; (2) solar greenhouse facilities and equipment are developing towards high efficiency and energy conservation; (3) the environmental regulation and management of solar greenhouse is developing towards precision and intelligence.

  Climate Suitability Analysis of Oat Planting Based on GIS in Ningxia Zhao Jinlong, Wang Jinxin, Ma Liwen 2021, 11 (9):  79-84.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0010 Abstract + ( 386 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 2266KB )   ( 241 ) In order to make rational use of climate resources, give full play to the role of meteorology in serving agriculture, and scientifically plan the development of oat industry in Ningxia. Based on the production and meteorological data of oats in central and southern Ningxia from 2017 to 2018, the climatic suitability zoning index of oats was determined by correlation analysis method. According to the climate data and geographic information data of 23 surface meteorological stations in Ningxia from 1981 to 2010, the spatial distribution of zoning indexes was simulated. Based on the weight of each index, the climate suitability zoning map of oats was obtained by raster calculation. The results showed that the climate suitable area was mainly distributed in the cold mountain area in the south of Ningxia, the secondary suitable area was mainly distributed in the arid and rainless area in the middle of Ningxia, and the unsuitable area was mainly distributed in the Yellow River Plain in the middle and north of Ningxia. The study could provide a scientific basis for the rational planning of the industrial layout, introduction and popularization of new varieties of oats in Ningxia.

  The Prediction Model of Seed Picking Initial Period of Oil Tree Peony Zhang Cuiying, Lv Linghua, Fan Xianzheng, Li Ruiying 2021, 11 (9):  85-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0184 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 16 )   PDF ( 1389KB )   ( 352 ) To explore the variation law of oil peony seed ripening and picking period affected by meteorological condition, based on the phenological observation data of oil tree peony from 2008 to 2019 and the meteorological elements such as temperature, light and precipitation during the growth period, Microsoft Office Excel 2013 and DPS statistical software were used to analyze the effects of meteorological conditions on the growth and seed maturity of oil tree peony by means of correlation analysis, regression analysis and moving average. The results showed that: the annual change trend of oil tree peony flowering period was basically the same as that of the beginning of seed picking, except some special climatic anomalies in some years; the meteorological factors that affecting the beginning of seed picking were temperature, including average temperature, accumulated temperature, maximum and minimum daily difference, and the correlation reached significant test. Light, humidity, precipitation and other meteorological factors had no significant correlation with the beginning of seed picking, but the influence of these meteorological factors on the growth of peony could not be ignored. Selecting the relevant significant meteorological factors and using regression method, the prediction model of oil peony seed picking initial period was established, and the seed picking beginning forecast was made and released on July 11 and July 21, respectively. The accuracy of the model was 100%, and the fitting and test results were ideal. The research results could provide scientific reference for flower growers to timely pick high-quality peony seeds.

  Current Situation and Suggestions on Popularization of Improved Varieties of Economic Forest Wang Feng 2021, 11 (9):  92-96.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0007 Abstract + ( 408 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1055KB )   ( 461 ) Improved varieties of economic forests is the ‘chip’ of economic forest industry, and the material base of economic forest production with high quality, high yield and high efficiency. Perfecting the promoting policy of the improved varieties of economic forests is the fundamental guarantee to realize the high-quality development of China's economic forest industry. Through data collection and investigation, the present popularization situation of the improved varieties of economic forests in China was systematically sorted out. The author points out that the utilization rate of the improved varieties is not high enough, and the economic forests have low yield and low efficiency; some improved varieties of economic forests have been popularized beyond the scope; there are too many improved varieties examined and approved, excessive structural surplus and varieties planted, and the docking between production and processing is not smooth. Furthermore, the author raises the idea that the popularization of the improved varieties should be changed from planting-oriented to market-oriented concerning the production and processing, and puts forward suggestions from the aspects of optimizing the supply of improved varieties, strengthening the macro-guidance on the popularization of improved varieties, enhancing the support of science and technology as well as publicity and training, implementing the project of improving the quality and increasing the efficiency of economic forests, and giving a full play to the role of the industrial association and the innovation alliance.

  The Situation of Food Self-supply and Development Countermeasures in Sichuan Province Xu Yusha, Zhao Yingwen 2021, 11 (9):  97-104.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0047 Abstract + ( 1120 )   HTML ( 23 )   PDF ( 1419KB )   ( 263 ) As one of the 13 major grain producing provinces in the country and the only one in southwest China, measuring the self-sufficiency rate of grain and analyzing the status of grain security of Sichuan Province is significant to ensure national food security and maintain regional stability. Starting from the five purposes of grain consumption, this article measured the actual grain consumption and self-sufficiency rate of Sichuan Province from 2000 to 2019. The results show that the rigid growth trend of grain demand is obvious, among which, the adjustment of population and consumption structure is the main factor; the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain has dropped significantly, and the lack of comparative income is an important factor; the structural contradiction between production and consumption is prominent, of which industrial grain and feed grain shortages are the main aspects. Based on the above analysis, this article suggests strengthening the protection of cultivated land and boosting the construction of high-standard farmland; enhancing the enthusiasm of farmers to grow grain and promoting moderately large-scale grain production management; appropriately adjusting the variety structure and improving the quality of grain supply.

  Characteristics and Influencing Factors of Domestic Water Consumption in Rural Area of Taihu Lake, Jiangsu: A Case Study of Fangqian Village, Dingshu Town, Yixing City Du Jiamin, Feng Qian, Ye Xiaochuan, Lu Fanpeng, Cao Jiashun, Zheng Di 2021, 11 (9):  105-110.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200028 Abstract + ( 394 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1347KB )   ( 210 ) The characteristic of domestic water consumption is an important indicator for the calculation of pollution load and wastewater treatment design in rural area. Taking Fangqian village, Dingshu Town, Yixing City, Jiangsu Province as an example, the characteristics of domestic water consumption were investigated through field visits and questionnaires in rural areas of Taihu Lake. The influencing factors were analyzed as well. Results showed that the main water resource in the study area was tap water (84.7 L/d per person), which accounted for 77% of the total water consumption. The consumption for laundry water increased significantly with seasonal change and temperature increase, in contrast, the flushing water consumption decreased obviously. The amount of water used in kitchen showed limited variation. The habit developed by the residents to reuse laundry water for flushing possibly explained this phenomenon. Higher education and income levels resulted in an improvement of hygienic habit, and tap water was widely used. Water consumption of residents with yearly earning at 50-200 thousand yuan was not so sensitive to the increment of living expenses. Water consumption of people aging from 25 to 40 was higher than that of other age groups because of a better economic condition and health concerns.

  The Interaction Between Agricultural Mechanization and Farmers’ Non-Agricultural Income in Heilongjiang Province: An Empirical Analysis Based on VAR Model Lin Hui, Wang Yubin 2021, 11 (9):  111-117.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0107 Abstract + ( 294 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 1396KB )   ( 230 ) To improve farmers’ non-agricultural income, solve the core problems of the Sannong issue (namely, agriculture, rural community and farmers), this paper uses VAR (vector auto regression) model to empirically explore the interaction between agricultural mechanization and farmers’ off-farm income in Heilongjiang Province. The results show that agricultural mechanization and farmers’ non-agricultural income in Heilongjiang Province are Granger causality. In addition, the development of agricultural mechanization in Heilongjiang Province has a relatively stable promoting effect on the increase of non-agricultural income, but there is a certain lag in the short term. The increase of non-agricultural income will strongly inhibit the development of agricultural mechanization, and it has not yet formed a benign interactive relationship of mutual promotion. In view of this, in order to promote the formation of a benign interactive relationship between agricultural mechanization and non-agricultural income in the province, the study puts forward some suggestions on relying on scientific and technological progress to drive the development of agricultural mechanization, upgrading the service guarantee level of agricultural machinery by improving agricultural cooperation organizations, strengthening the training of agricultural machinery skills, giving full play to the utilization efficiency of agricultural machinery, broadening farmers’ non-agricultural employment channels and increasing farmers’ non-agricultural income.

  Problems and Countermeasures of Targeted Poverty Alleviation in Deep Poverty-stricken Mountainous Areas: A Case of Shangzhou District of Shangluo City Li Bin, Yang Haozhong 2021, 11 (9):  118-124.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0199 Abstract + ( 353 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1329KB )   ( 329 ) To implement regional targeted poverty alleviation, based on current status of targeted poverty alleviation of Shangzhou District of Shangluo City, we used diagram and data analysis method to study issues such as land utilization in poverty areas, targeted poverty alleviation achievements, and population quality. The results show that the foundation of poverty alleviation of Shangzhou is weak and the combat against poverty is arduous, the quality of the population is relatively low and their concept is backward. Therefore, we put forward countermeasures like increasing the policy guidance from the government, promoting the scale development of industries, enhancing the diversified and integrated development of poverty alleviation industries, strengthening skills training and education for poor households, conducting the dynamic monitoring of poverty, eliminating poverty-returning from multiple-channel financing, and reinforcing the project management, aiming to help the poor households get rid of poverty, promote the all-round development of deep poverty-stricken mountainous areas and make them toward a well-off society.