Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.12 Published:20 December 2022

  F Type and Other Male Sterile Lines of Wheat: Molecular Identification of Cytoplasmic Types REN Wenbin, WANG Qian, WU Cuicui, XIE Sangang 2022, 12 (12):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0143 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1385KB )   ( 164 ) In order to identify the difference of cytoplasmic types between F type and other male sterile lines of wheat, the experiment was conducted with F type sterile line (FA1-1, FA1-2, FA2-1), F type maintainer line, the T, K and V type CMS lines (A) and the common maintainer line (B) ‘Ji5418’ as the materials, and 23 pairs of chloroplasts and 21 pairs of mitochondrial SSR markers were used for cluster analysis. The results showed that the cytoplasm of FA and T, K, V and B male sterile lines belonged to different categories. The cytoplasmic genetic similarity coefficient between FA and Chinese Spring (CS) was 1.00, and the cytoplasmic genetic similarity coefficient between FA and FB was also 1.00, indicating that FA might be a cytoplasmic male sterile line of common wheat. The fertility of F type male sterile line might be controlled by nuclear genes, which is different from the classical cytoplasmic-nuclear interaction male sterile principle.

  Utilization of Heterosis in Common Buckwheat and Its Wild Relatives GAO Yue, GAO Runqing, HUANG Aibin, WANG Ting, GAO Yang, DU Jianjun, AI Rong, REN Qinqin, SI Wangyang, GAO Lirong 2022, 12 (12):  6-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0219 Abstract + ( 252 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 2961KB )   ( 158 ) In order to increase the per unit area yield of common buckwheat (F. esculentum), according to the technical way of corn heterosis utilization, we have cultivated 3 parent lines: common buckwheat ‘dwarf B inbred line’, ‘wild relative self-bred line I’ and ‘wild relative self-bred line II’, and made two combinations for hybrid seed production and utilization. Through observing and counting the pistil pollen loads and the rate of positive hybridization and negative hybridization in field, it was found that: taking a sample at 2:00pm at full-bloom stage and observing with a microscope, pollen grains of 3 columns of stigma in each flower varied from 15 to 55 with the average of 23. The rate of the positive hybridization (dwarf B line × wild relative line) was 60%-65%; the rate of the negative hybridization (wild relative line × dwarf B line) was 30%. In production, the difference was significant between the F1 plant and the parent plant in the same hole in bunch planting field. The F1 plant was strong and lush, and its yield was more than 3 times that of the parent plant, indicating that the F1 generation had strong heterosis. Its yield increase in the regional test was 11.7% compared with the parent plant and 29% compared with other varieties. The study proposed that wild relatives are a kind of precious germplasm resource, and the strong heterosis in common buckwheat and wild relatives could be used to improve the per unit area yield of common buckwheat. The study also found that the hybridization rate could not achieve 2/3 of the theoretical value because of the poor flower synchronization.

  Experimental Effect of Yield Potential and Fertilizer Reduction and Efficiency Increase of the Project of ‘Japonica Rice Replacing Indica Rice’ FANG Keming, XIAO Xin, JIANG Lin, QIN Leiying, WANG Meiling, ZHANG Lu, WANG Lu, LUO Wenhan, ZHANG Ming 2022, 12 (12):  12-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0212 Abstract + ( 209 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1123KB )   ( 159 ) Jiangxi Province has begun the introduction of japonica rice from north China since 2009, and promoted the project of ‘japonica rice replacing indica rice’. In order to verify the yield potential of rice under the project, and explore the method of fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase of japonica rice, the experiment of late-rice yield potential and fertilizer reduction and efficiency increase of japonica rice was carried out in 2016 in Jingdezhen City of Jiangxi Province. The results showed that under the same fertilization and harvesting conditions, the yield of japonica rice variety ‘Yongyou 1538’ increased by 1450 kg/hm2 (16.06%) compared with that of indica rice ‘Yueyou 9113’, because japonica rice had more grains per panicle. The results also showed that, compared with the farmers’ conventional fertilization method, the recommended fertilization method 2 could save nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium nutrient by 123.9 kg/hm2 (20.31%), increase rice yield by 483.75 kg/hm2 (4.67%), save cost and increase efficiency by 1765.35 yuan/hm2 (7.87%), and the effect of increasing income reached a significant level. The recommended fertilization method achieved higher yield by promoting grain setting and increasing the number of grains per panicle. In conclusion, japonica rice has obvious yield increase advantage compared with indica rice, and the recommended fertilization method is more efficient than farmers’ conventional fertilization method. The recommended fertilization method is more reasonable in nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium coordination and fertilization time at tillering and booting stages, and the effect of late fertilization time at booting stage of japonica rice is much better.

  Effects of Cotton Straw Returning on Cotton Growth and Soil: Research Progress GUO Zhenwei, LI Yongshan, CHEN Mengni, FAN Qiaolan, WANG Hui 2022, 12 (12):  18-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0177 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 206 ) In order to clarify the impact of cotton straw returning on cotton plant growth and soil, the study summarized previous studies and found that cotton straw returning could promote cotton growth, improve cotton yield, ameliorate soil physical properties, increase the content of nutrient elements and organic matter in soil, raise the number of soil microorganisms, and promote the activities of soil bacteria and enzymes. In addition, there are still some problems in cotton straw returning, such as choosing more efficient ways, appropriate returning time, returning amount and preventing toxicity caused by returning. Finally, this study put forward corresponding suggestions for the existing problems in order to provide theoretical support for the efficient utilization of cotton straw and the green and sustainable development of cotton industry.

  Effects of Tobacco-Rape Rotation and Balanced Fertilization on Soil Available Potassium and Potassium in Tobacco Leaves GU Huizhan, GOU Xiaomei, CAI Yan, WU Jie, LI Tao, YE Xiang, HE Jiexuan, ZHANG Qili, WANG Dong 2022, 12 (12):  23-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0052 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1126KB )   ( 216 ) The paper aims to study the effects of different kinds of tobacco-rape rotation and balanced fertilization on soil potassium supply capacity. A two-factor split plot experiment was designed, including main factors (winter fallow, ‘Chongrongyou 1’, ‘Deyouzao 1’and ‘GSX-1’) and by-factors (conventional fertilization, nitrogen reduction and phosphorus increase), to analyze the content of soil available potassium and potassium in tobacco leaves. The results showed that tobacco-rape rotation could improve soil available potassium content to different degrees, and the effect was the most significant in the early stage of rape transplanting (30 days), which was 1.43-2.05 times that of winter fallow treatment. With the advance of rape growth period, the effect of rotation on soil available potassium content decreased sharply, and the effect of different rape varieties on soil available potassium was as follows: ‘Chongrongyou 1’> ‘GSX-1’> ‘Deyouzao 1’> winter fallow. From the early stage of transplanting to harvest of tobacco, the content of soil available potassium decreased by 15.71%-117.80%. Except individual treatments, the content of soil available potassium and tobacco leaf potassium in tobacco-rape rotation were higher than those in winter fallow treatment, and the effect of phosphorus increase on potassium increase was the best. In conclusion, the content of soil available potassium and tobacco leaf potassium are relatively high under ‘Chongrongyou 1’- tobacco rotation and phosphorus increase, which is a good local cropping system.

  Heavy Metal Content of Soil and Wheat Seeds Around Anyang: Correlation and Principal Component Analysis XUE Zhiwei, HUANG Qingqing, YANG Chunling 2022, 12 (12):  28-33.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0140 Abstract + ( 227 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1125KB )   ( 161 ) Heavy metals, as a major class of pollutants, have received much attention in recent years. To understand the status of heavy metals in soil and wheat seeds in Anyang, 60 samples of soil and wheat seed each were collected from agricultural fields. Correlation analysis and principal component analysis were conducted to identify the distribution characteristics of heavy metal contents in soil and wheat seeds. The results show that the variation range and mean value of each element’s content in soil and wheat seeds are quite different, and the content of each element in wheat seeds is lower than that in soil. There is a significant correlation among heavy metal Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu in soil. Heavy metal Fe and Pb in wheat seeds are significantly correlated with heavy metal Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni and Cu in soil. Heavy metal Cd content in wheat seeds is significantly correlated with heavy metal Cd and Pb contents in soil. Principle component analysis reveals that heavy metal Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb have high loads on the first principal component, and the loads on the first principal component are much larger than those on the second principal component. The sources of heavy metal Cr, Mn, Fe, Ni, Cu, Cd and Pb in wheat seeds from Anyang have some similarity.

  Organic Fertilizer Has Great Potential in the Goal of ‘Peaking Carbon Emissions and Achieving Carbon Neutrality’ QIU Yao, TAN Shiyong, WEN Yaxiong, XU Xuewen 2022, 12 (12):  34-39.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0111 Abstract + ( 264 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1092KB )   ( 510 ) Organic fertilizer takes agricultural waste as the main raw material and contains rich organic matters. It can improve soil micro-ecological environment, increase fertilizer utilization rate, enhance crop stress resistance and promote crop growth. Organic fertilizer can meet the requirements of agricultural green development and play an important role in realizing the goal of ‘peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality’. This study summarized relevant literature, expounded and analyzed the role of organic fertilizer in realizing ‘peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality’ from the perspectives of national policies, energy conservation and emission reduction, resource utilization of agricultural waste, and improving soil and plant carbon sequestration. In addition, the paper put forward some suggestions for the development of organic fertilizer industry, in order to provide reference for the promotion of organic fertilizer and the realization of ‘peaking carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality’.

  The Status Quo and Countermeasures of Agricultural Modernization Demonstration Area Planning Layout Under the Background of Territorial Space Planning ZHU Xurong, WANG Nengbo, CAO Licong 2022, 12 (12):  40-47.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0024 Abstract + ( 254 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 2500KB )   ( 348 ) Planning layout is an important part of the development of modern agriculture, as well as the core content of the construction of Agricultural Modernization Demonstration Area (AMDA). In order to ensure the scientific and rational planning layout, this article embarks from the territorial space planning system development, and takes approaches of problem-orientation, mechanism-transmission, and industry functional layout based on analyzing existing problems in the planning layout of the AMDA. Some countermeasures and critical technical points in the AMDA planning layout are suggested, with verification based upon typical case analysis, in order to provide reference for the construction of AMDA. The study concludes that a scientific layout of AMDA is conducive to the optimization of spatial pattern and the optimal allocation of agricultural resources in space, and has important practical guidance for building regional spatial governance capacity as well as promoting regional agricultural modernization.

  Effect of Platycodon grandiflorum Polysaccharide Compound Coating Agent on Preserving Okra ZHENG Yan, ZHANG Xiaohu, WEN Jiaqi 2022, 12 (12):  48-55.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0130 Abstract + ( 169 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1806KB )   ( 166 ) To prolong the shelf-life of okra, taking Shangluo Platycodon grandiflorum as the research material, the effect of the compound coating agent containing polysaccharide extracted from P. grandiflorum on preserving okra was studied. Ultrasonic-assisted extraction was adopted to extract P. grandiflorum and the yield was 27.28%. The polysaccharide extraction solution was preliminarily purified by AB-8 macroporous resin. The order of bacteriostatic effect of P. grandiflorum polysaccharide on tested bacteria was as follows: Escherichia coli> Staphylococcus aureus> Salmonella. The compound coating agent was made of P. grandiflorum polysaccharide, sodium alginate, calcium chloride and citric acid, and the preservation experiment of okra was carried out, taking weight loss rate and chlorophyll content as indexes. Based on single factor experiments, response surface method was applied to optimize the formula of the compound coating agent. The results showed that the optimal formula was as follows: 2.98% P. grandiflorum polysaccharide solution+ 1.07% sodium alginate+ 1.42% calcium chloride+ 3.00% citric acid. Under the above formula, the compound coating agent was used for okra preservation and performed well. After 10 days at 25℃ and RH65%, the content of chlorophyll was 18.62 mg/100 g and the weight loss rate was 7.65%. The results can provide technical reference for the application of P. grandiflorum polysaccharide in fruit and vegetable storage.

  Analysis of Drought Characteristics During Cotton Growing Season in Southern Hebei Province Based on SPEI ZHAO Yubing, ZHANG Jie, LIU Liantao, SUN Donglei 2022, 12 (12):  56-62.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0134 Abstract + ( 219 )   HTML ( 8 )   PDF ( 1377KB )   ( 124 ) The purpose of the research is to provide a theoretical basis for monitoring, forecasting, early warning and preventing of cotton drought disasters. Based on the monthly temperature and precipitation data at eight meteorological stations in southern Hebei Province from 1962 to 2020, the standardized precipitation evapotranspiration index (SPEI), regression analysis and Mann-Kendall test were used to analyze the drought variation characteristics of cotton growing season (from April to October). The results showed that the drought frequency in the whole growth period of cotton was 25% in southern Hebei, and the frequency of above severe drought was 6.8%. The drought frequency of seeding stage, seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll-forming stage, and boll opening stage was 35.6%, 30.5%, 32.2%, 30.5% and 32.2%, respectively. The climate of seedling stage changed abruptly from dry to wet in 1976 and showed a clear trend of wetting after 1976. The climate of bud stage changed abruptly from dry to wet in 1968, and became moist after 1968. The climate of cotton flowering and boll-forming stage showed a drought trend after 1982, and the trend was more and more obvious. The climate of cotton boll opening stage showed a drought trend after 1989. The climate during the whole growth period of cotton showed a drought trend after 1982. Since the 1990s, the climate of cotton seedling stage and bud stage showed humidified trend, while the climate of cotton flowering and boll-forming stage showed arid trend. These trends should be highlighted in variety breeding and cultivation technique improvement.

  The Response of Spring Phenological Period of Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila to Climate Warming in Western Liaoning WANG Yi, ZHAN Shenye, LI Lin, CHEN Simeng, ZOU Yan, GUO Zongkai 2022, 12 (12):  63-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0107 Abstract + ( 207 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1328KB )   ( 190 ) The phenological changes of plants are sensitive indicators of meteorological and hydrological changes, and the climate change is an important parameter that affects the structure and function of ecosystems. Studying the response of plant phenological changes to climate warming can provide reference for ecological environmental protection, large-scale agricultural structure adjustment and tourism development. Based on the spring phenological data of Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila, as well as the local temperature data in western Liaoning Province from 1980 to 2020, the phenological characteristics of Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila in spring and their responses to temperature changes were studied by the methods of linear trend and linear regression. The results showed that from 1980 to 2020, the annual average temperature in the study area showed a significantly upward trend, with a trend rate of 0.365°C/10a, and the average temperature increasing trend of January-March was 0.609°C/10a. The phenological period of Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila in spring was significantly advanced. The initial leaf-expanding period and the peak flowering period of Salix matsudana were earlier by -2.642d/10a and -2.966d/10a respectively in tendency rate; while the peak flowering period and the initial leaf-expanding period of Ulmus pumila were earlier by-4.008d/10a and -5.242d/10a respectively in tendency rate. The temperature in March and February-March was significantly correlated with the leaf-expansion period and the peak flowering period of Salix matsudana and Ulmus pumila in spring, and was the main factor affecting the phenological period. When the average temperature changed by 1°C, the leaf-expanding period and peak flowering period of Salix matsudana were 0.8-1.5 days earlier, and the leaf-expanding period and peak flowering period of Ulmus pumila were 0.7-1.4 days earlier. The research results can provide reference for farming season forecast and agricultural management.

  Dynamic Prediction Method for Brassica juncea var. tumida Yield Based on Climatic Suitability Index WU Qiang, NI Chao, FAN Li, TANG Yuxue, LUO Zizi, FANG Li, CAI Guoqiang 2022, 12 (12):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0082 Abstract + ( 199 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1366KB )   ( 187 ) In this study, the dynamic yield prediction model of Brassica juncea var. tumida was established. Based on the climatic suitability index and the meteorological yield index, the supply and demand relationship between light, temperature, water and the key growth periods of Brassica juncea var. tumida was coupled by the dynamic yield prediction model. The meteorological data of different growth periods before the prediction date was used as reference data set. The results showed that the correlation between climatic suitability index and meteorological yield index from seedling stage to stem enlargement stage was better than the analysis results of the stem enlargement stage was considered only. The dynamic yield prediction model established by reference data set from seedling stage to stem enlargement stage had higher accuracy than that by reference data set of the stem enlargement stage. The average prediction accuracy of yield was 92.0%, the normalized root-mean-square-error was 0.196, and the average accuracy rate of the yield trend was 68.2% at different predication starting time. It indicated that the climatic suitability index considering the meteorological factors at seedling stage could better explain the influence of meteorological conditions on the yield formation, and the climatic suitability at seedling stage had a certain contribution to the yield formation. To test the dynamic yield prediction model based on the data from 2017 to 2019, the prediction accuracy of each year’s yield of Brassica juncea var. tumida was basically more than 90%. The dynamic yield prediction method based on climate suitability index could be used to predict the yield of Brassica juncea var. tumida with high accuracy and stability.

  Brand Building of Agricultural Products in China: A Review WANG Hongqin, WANG Lijia, LIU Chen, JIANG Yanling 2022, 12 (12):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0142 Abstract + ( 750 )   HTML ( 22 )   PDF ( 985KB )   ( 900 ) The brand building of agricultural products is an important symbol of the construction of modern agriculture, which is conducive to promoting the transformation and upgrading of traditional agriculture to modern agriculture, and can provide a huge space for the development of regional agriculture and other industries. This study aims to fully discuss the research status of brand building of agricultural products in China by elaborating the role of branding of agricultural products and reviewing related studies. The study summarized the function of branding in improving the quality and competitiveness of Chinese agricultural products, promoting the industrialization development of agricultural products and boosting the revitalization of rural industries. It also discussed the brand building of ‘three products and one indication’ agricultural products (pollution-free agricultural products, green food, organic agricultural products and geographical indication of agricultural products), the brand building of characteristic agricultural products, and the regional public brand building of agricultural products; and explored the regional characteristics and existing problems of agricultural products’ brand building. Suggestions were put forward targeting the existing problems in order to provide reference for brand building of agricultural products, agricultural revitalization through quality and rural revitalization.

  Restricting Factors of Improving Supply Quality of Agricultural Products in Northwest China JING E, LIU Yuanyuan 2022, 12 (12):  81-86.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0216 Abstract + ( 166 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1284KB )   ( 165 ) Based on the evaluation index system of the supply quality of agricultural products in northwest China, this study diagnoses the restricting factors of improving the supply quality of agricultural products by using the index achievement rate, deviation degree, restriction degree and other variables. Data show that 23 basic indexes in the five provinces and autonomous regions in northwest China are not all up to the standard. Nearly half of the indexes in Ningxia and Qinghai are below 50% of the standard. Based on the in-depth study of the restricting factors, it is found that the main indexes in the order of the restriction degree from high to low are marketing, processing, planting and circulation. The basic indexes’ restricting factors are mainly divided into three categories, and the restriction degree from high to low is income, supply subject and innovation ability. Accordingly, this paper puts forward countermeasures and suggestions, in order to explore the improvement path of the supply quality of agricultural products in northwest China.

  The Influencing Factors and Path Selection of Rural Green Development from the Perspective of New County Elite——Based on Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis CHI Yizhen, LI Linghan 2022, 12 (12):  87-92.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0092 Abstract + ( 197 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1172KB )   ( 155 ) Green development of rural areas is an inherent requirement of rural revitalization in the new era, and it is also an inevitable choice to alleviate rural environmental pollution. Based on the method of Fuzzy Set Qualitative Comparative Analysis (fsQCA), this research processed the questionnaire data and comprehensively analyzed the mixed effects of 5 types of influencing factors on rural green development, including policy support, urbanization, environmental protection infrastructure, agricultural production mode and environmental protection awareness. The results of the research revealed 3 groups of configurations to improve the level of rural green development, of which policy support and agricultural production mode had the most significant impact on rural green development. The research put forward policy recommendations such as improving relevant laws and regulations, developing new modern agricultural production modes, strengthening green development publicity, green urbanization and improving infrastructure construction, to provide reference for rural environmental governance under the background of rural revitalization.

  Design Strategy of Homestay Inn Leisure Scene in Rural Residential Buildings XIANG Hongyan, YANG Liuqing, FENG Yang 2022, 12 (12):  93-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0050 Abstract + ( 295 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1927KB )   ( 392 ) As people’s living standards continue to improve and the number of people pursuing leisure travel increases, the homestay consumption has undergone diverse changes. After more than 10 years of rapid development, the number of homestay inn in China is among the highest in the world. However, the undifferentiated support by local governments in pursuit of economic benefits has led to a low industry threshold and uneven quality of rural homestay inn. This study illustrates the current situation of homestay inn in China according to the types of rural residential buildings, and based on different leisure modes, studies how to integrate homestay products and design leisure scenes in rural residential buildings, thus changing the current homogenization of homestay inn design, and providing corresponding theoretical support for the sustainable and healthy development of homestay inn in China.