Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.11 Published:20 November 2022

  Saline-alkali Tolerant and Early-maturing Rice Varieties: Technical Regulation of High-quality and High-efficiency Water Direct Seeding Cultivation HOU Hongyan, DONG Xiaoliang, ZHOU Hong, ZHANG Maolin, JIN Dingkun, WEI Lixing 2022, 12 (11):  1-4.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0018 Abstract + ( 213 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1108KB )   ( 193 ) The study aims to obtain high-quality and high-yield cultivation techniques of saline-alkali tolerant and early-maturing rice varieties with the growth period about 120 days under water direct seeding cultivation. Taking early-maturing japonica rice variety ‘Jihong No.6’ as the experimental material, the cross test was conducted with irrigation and drainage, seed soaking and sowing, pest and weed control and the best mode of fertilization in 3‰-6‰ moderate saline-alkali soil. After three years of experimental research, the technical regulations of high-quality and high-efficiency water direct seeding of early-maturing rice varieties with saline-alkali tolerance were obtained. The regulation stipulated (1) the high-quality and high-efficiency water direct seeding cultivation technology in coastal saline-alkali land; (2) the quality of high-quality rice germplasm with 120 days of growth period, and the technical requirements of soaking seed and deep ploughing in spring; (3) the technical regulations of irrigation and drainage, underground pest control, grass pest control, disease control and fertilization management in sowing, emergence, tillering, long panicle and seed setting stages; (4) the standard of timely harvest at the end of wax ripening and the early stage of late ripening; and (5) the requirements of threshing, transportation and storage of rice. According to the technical specification, there is no need to soak the field, and the water consumption could be saved up to 50%. Late sowing could control the grain filling period in mid-September and effectively prevent bird damage. Timely harvest can significantly improve the eating quality of rice.

  Tobacco Stubble Returning Based on Pot Experiment: Effects on Growth and Yield of Rice CHEN Jin, HUANG Jie, DENG Yongsheng, ZHANG Qingfu, YANG Liu, XIE Pengfei, DENG Xiaohua 2022, 12 (11):  5-10.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0109 Abstract + ( 170 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1263KB )   ( 148 ) In order to figure out the effects of tobacco stubble returning on rice growth and yield, pot experiments were conducted to test the dynamic change of rice tillering, plant height and roots, and the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and the effects on rice yield by simulating different tobacco stubble returning. The results show that tobacco stubble returning could promote rice tillering, plant height and root development, the accumulation of dry matter, nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium, and rice yield. The tobacco stubble total returning and the tobacco root returning could increase the yield by 17.35% and 8.60%, respectively. Tobacco stubble total returning is beneficial to the growth and yield of rice, and it can be popularized in tobacco rice multiple cropping area.

  Effects of Ground Cover on Main Pests’ Control and Biodiversity in Peach Orchard WANG Xudong 2022, 12 (11):  11-13.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0126 Abstract + ( 184 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1220KB )   ( 152 ) Ground cover is an important means to regulate orchard ecological system. This paper compared the occurrence of pests and natural enemies in peach orchards with and without ground cover and the effects on the biodiversity of orchards in field condition. The results showed that the number of natural enemies in the orchards with ground cover was significantly higher than that in the orchards without ground cover, and the number of natural enemies in the ground cover orchards close to wheat field was significantly higher than that in other orchards with ground cover; so ground cover had obvious control effect on pests. The species richness index, diversity index and evenness index of arthropod in peach orchards with ground cover were significantly higher than those in the orchards without ground cover, and the biodiversity index of peach orchards with alfalfa cover was significantly higher than that of peach orchards with trefoil cover.

  Effects of Long-term Application of Bag-controlled Slow-release Fertilizer on the Form and Availability of Phosphorus in Red Soil of South China ZHAO Junyu, PAN Bo, QIN Zuoyu, TANG Jian, WANG Huili, HUANG Xiaorui, CAO Jizhao 2022, 12 (11):  14-19.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0121 Abstract + ( 150 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1350KB )   ( 126 ) The insufficient supply of phosphorus is the main problem restricting agriculture and forestry production in red soil region of south China. To investigate whether applying bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer can improve the phosphorus availability and have a significant positive effect on phosphorus components’ content, with Eucalyptus plantation forest in Gaofeng State-owned Farm in Guangxi red soil region as the research object, we designed bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer with conventional fertilization (G1), bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer with reducing fertilization (G2), traditional compound fertilizer application (G3), basal fertilizer application (G4) and no fertilization (G5) to conduct the comparative tests, and used soil phosphorus classification method to determine the content of phosphorus components in soil. The results showed that: (1) compared with traditional fertilization, bag-controlled slow-release fertilization significantly increased the content of AP, Pi, Fe-P and other phosphorus components in soil; (2) the P activation coefficient of G2 and G1 were significantly higher than that of the other three treatments, the order was G2>G1>G4>G5>G3; (3) redundancy analysis showed that PAC and Fe-P had the most significant effect on plant growth among all phosphorus components. The application of bag-controlled slow-release fertilizer in red soil Eucalyptus plantation in south China can promote the accumulation of phosphorus and increase the phosphorus activity, and the mechanism of high phosphorus use efficiency is mainly through the sustained input of phosphorus and reducing phosphorus immobilization by obstructing the contact of phosphorus with acid soil to guarantee the phosphorus supply.

  Effects of Organic Fertilizer Application Rates on the Growth of Zhaoyuan Tieba Melon Seedlings HUANG Yanqin, LIU Qianming, GAO Wenjun, YU Lizhi 2022, 12 (11):  20-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2021-0165 Abstract + ( 149 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 125 ) To guide the cultivation of Zhaoyuan Tieba melon seedlings, this paper studied the effects of different organic fertilizer application rates on the seedling growth of Tieba melon. We adopted the method of plug-seedling technology, and set up different levels of organic fertilizer, which were 10, 15, 20 and 25 kg/m3 and control group. The results showed that the appropriate organic fertilizer application rate had a significantly positive effect on the growth of Tieba melon seedlings. With the increase of organic fertilizer application rate, the plant height, stem diameter, biomass and seedling strength index of the seedlings increased first and then decreased. When organic fertilizer application rate was 15 kg/m3, the stem diameter, biomass and seedling strength index reached the maximum. When organic fertilizer application rate was 20 kg/m3, the plant height reached the maximum. Comprehensive analysis determined that the appropriate organic fertilizer application rate for seedlings of Zhaoyuan Tieba melon was 15-20 kg/m3. The study could provide a basis for future research on Zhaoyuan Tieba melon seedlings.

  Investigation and Analysis of Plant Species in Desert Grassland in Nilka LI Jianwei, LUO Zhina, ZHANG Shengying, FAN Tianwen, FAN Jianzhong 2022, 12 (11):  24-31.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0073 Abstract + ( 206 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1160KB )   ( 172 ) To protect the plant resources of the desert grassland in Nilka, plant species of the desert grassland in Nilka were investigated through field investigation and making quadrat. The results show that: there are 98 plant species (subspecies) belonging to 68 genera of 23 families in the desert grassland in Nilka, and Nilka is rich in plant species, with little harmful plants. Chenopodiaceae, Composites and Poaceae are the dominant families with 54 plant species (subspecies); there are many species of small family and single family, including 12 plant species belonging to single family. Sorted by economic groups, Legumes, Poaceae, Chenopodiaceaes, Compositae, Sedge and mixed grasses account for 8.16%, 13.27%, 27.55%, 14.29%, 3.06% and 33.67%, respectively; sorted by feeding value, the percentage of excellent plants, good plants, general plants, low grade plants and poisonous plants is 14.29%, 27.55%, 36.73%, 16.33% and 5.10%, respectively.

  Effects of Tobacco-Rape Rotation and Balanced Fertilization on Organic Carbon Content of Tobacco Soil HE Jixian, GOU Xiaomei, CAI Yan, XIAO Ling, LI Tao, LUO Kaiwen, ZHANG Qili, SUN Zhipu, GU Huizhan 2022, 12 (11):  32-36.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0224 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1280KB )   ( 171 ) To explore the effects of tobacco-rape rotation and balanced fertilization on soil organic carbon (SOC) content, a two-factor split plot design, which included tobacco rotation with three rape varieties (‘Chongrongyou 1’, ‘Deyouzao 1’ and ‘GSX-1’) and balanced fertilization (nitrogen reduction and phosphorus increase), was adopted to analyze the content of soil total organic carbon (TOC) and dissolved organic carbon (DOC) in rape season and tobacco season. The results showed that from the initial stage of rape transplanting to harvest, the SOC content increased to varying degrees, ranging from 7.7% to 166.49%. The content of TOC and DOC of the rotation increased compared with those of the control, and the content of TOC and DOC of ‘Chongrongyou 1’during the harvest period (180 d) were the highest, which were 1.26 and 4.78 times that of the control, respectively. In the whole growth period of tobacco, except some individual treatments, the DOC content in soil showed a downward trend, while the TOC content increased. In addition, in terms of fertilization mode, nitrogen reduction treatment had the best effect. In the harvest period of tobacco, except ‘Deyouzao 1’, the TOC content of soil in nitrogen reduction treatments was the highest, which was 1.20, 1.44 and 1.02 times that of the control, respectively. In conclusion, the SOC content is relatively high under ‘Chongrongyou 1’ -tobacco rotation and nitrogen reduction, which is a good local planting system.

  Comparison and Comprehensive Evaluation of Antioxidant Capacity of Rose Varieties WANG Xiangdong, MA Yanzhi, ZHANG Shengzhen, WANG Xiaoying 2022, 12 (11):  37-41.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0083 Abstract + ( 216 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1272KB )   ( 224 ) To provide theoretical reference for the development and utilization of rose varieties, we used dry buds of seven rose varieties as the materials, and determined the antioxidant capacity of the tested materials by DPPH method, salicylic acid method, pyrogallol autoxidation method and chelating metal ion method. Then the antioxidant capacity of the materials was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method. The results showed that the ferric ion reducing power of all tested materials was more than 70%. The highest was found in Rosa rugosa ‘Kushui’ (99.33%), and the lowest was found in R. damascena ‘Hetian’ (77.66%). The scavenging rate of OH-· of R. ‘Crimson Glory’ was significantly higher than that of other tested varieties, and that of ‘France’ rose (33.62%) and R. rugosa ‘Kushui’ (31.42%) were significantly lower than that of other varieties. The scavenging rate of superoxide anion of R. rugosa ‘Kushui’ was the highest (82.13%), and that of Rosa rugosa Plena in Changbai Mountain was the lowest (26.53%), and that of the other varieties was between the above two. The DPPH clearance rate of all varieties was above 90%, and there was no significant difference among the varieties. The DPPH clearance rate of ‘France’ rose was the highest (94.56%), and that of R. rugosa ‘Kushui’ was the lowest (93.72%). The antioxidant activity of the tested materials was evaluated comprehensively by membership function method. The antioxidant capacity from high to low was: R. ‘Crimson Glory’> R. rugosa ‘Kushui’> R. forrestiana ‘Jinbian’> R. rugosa Plena in Changbai Mountain > ‘France’ rose> R. damascena ‘Hetian’ > ‘Pingyin’ rose.

  The Historical Evolution, Structural Characteristics and Value of the Mengzi Pomegranate Cultivation System ZHANG Hongsen, XU Qiu’e, TAO Yan, ZHANG Hongzhen, JIAO Yuanmei, LI Yuxin 2022, 12 (11):  42-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0065 Abstract + ( 203 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1530KB )   ( 216 ) The paper aims to clarify the spatial distribution, pattern characteristics and system structure of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, explore its historical evolution and potential heritage value, and demonstrate the conditions for the declaration of China-NIAHS (National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems). We conducted the study by using remote sensing images and GIS technology to analyze and identify the spatial distribution and pattern characteristics of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, in combination with field investigations, interviews and literature reading. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system is an outstanding representative of modern agriculture with characteristics of the Yunnan plateau. In its long process of evolution, a relatively complete set of pomegranate high-yield cultivation techniques has been formed, which is mainly reflected in: (1) Mengzi has a history of cultivating pomegranates for more than 700 years, with an area of more than 8666 hm2, it is one of the eight main pomegranate producing areas in China and enjoys the reputation of ‘Hometown of Pomegranate in China’; (2) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has a ‘city and garden inter-embedding’ pattern on the landscape scale, with diversified cultivation modes, of which the traditional and ecological cultivation modes are the most valuable; (3) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has many high-quality germplasm resources, forming ecological agricultural products with local characteristics, the ‘Tianlvzi’ pomegranate is well-known at home and abroad; (4) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has important economic, ecological and cultural values. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has the basic conditions for applying for China-NIAHS, and the study could provide scientific decision-making reference for Mengzi to build a modern agricultural demonstration zone with Yunnan plateau characteristics and achieve high-quality and sustainable development of the Mengzi pomegranate industry.

  Effects of Different Low Salinity Conditions on Water Quality and Physiological Indexes of Litopenaeus vannamei in Biofloc Technology System LONG Li’na, LU Shimin, LIU Huang 2022, 12 (11):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0088 Abstract + ( 188 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1340KB )   ( 155 ) In order to study the effect of biofloc technology system on the physiological health of Litopenaeus vannamei under low salinity condition, this paper took Litopenaeus vannamei as the culture object, and set up 3 different low salinity groups of 5‰ (S5 group), 10‰ (S10 group) and 15‰ (S15 group) in the biofloc technology system for 4 weeks. The results showed that there was no significant difference in water quality indicators among the three groups (P>0.05), which were within the range suitable for shrimp culture. The growth, and muscle moisture, muscle crude protein and muscle crude fat contents of Litopenaeus vannamei were not significantly different among the groups (P>0.05), but the muscle ash content of S10 group was significantly higher than that of S5 group and S15 group (P<0.05). Under the salinity condition of S5 group, the amylase and trypsin activities of Litopenaeus vannamei intestinal tract were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum antioxidant activities of Litopenaeus vannamei were significantly increased under the salinity condition of S15 group (P<0.05). It can be seen that the growth of Litopenaeus vannamei in the low salinity biofloc technology system will not be significantly affected, but the antioxidant level and digestive enzyme activities will be significantly affected. This study can provide reference for salinity regulation of shrimp culture in biofloc technology system.

  SSR and SNP in Salt Tolerant Sweet Potato: Characteristics Analysis Based on Transcriptome Sequencing ZHANG Xiaohong, PENG Qiong, YAN Zheng 2022, 12 (11):  55-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0124 Abstract + ( 171 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1185KB )   ( 138 ) The aims are to mine and analyze the potential SSR and SNP loci in sweet potato transcriptome under salt stress, and enrich the molecular markers of sweet potato. Based on the transcriptome sequences of different salt tolerant sweet potato varieties, the SSR and SNP were analyzed by MISA and GATK software. The results showed that, a total of 33192 SSR loci were identified in 24323 Unigenes with a frequency of 21.11%. 6271 Unigenes contained more than one SSR locus. Mono-nucleotide repeat SSR and di-nucleotide repeat SSR were the main types. The two repeat motifs, A/T and AG/CT, had the highest proportion and were the dominant motifs of sweet potato SSR. After searching SNP loci in 157252 Unigenes, 7691906 SNP loci were identified with a distribution density of 0.08 SNP per bp. The predicted SNPs included 4729922 transitions and 2961984 transversions. C/T and A/G were the main types, accounting for 32.34% and 29.15% of all the SNPs. Taken together, the transcriptome of sweet potato has abundant SSR and SNP markers with high polymorphism, and the study could lay a theoretical basis for the selection of stress resistant varieties and germplasm cultivation of sweet potato.

  Big Data Analysis of Hawthorn Research at Home and Abroad Based on Web of Science CUI Hanyuan, ZHANG Yue, SONG Zhaowei, CHEN Xiaoming, CHEN Ying, DING Shu 2022, 12 (11):  62-70.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0122 Abstract + ( 280 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1925KB )   ( 159 ) To understand worldwide research status and hotspots of Hawthorn, based on the core collection database of Web of Science (WOS), this study used the method of bibliometrics, and collected 1485 research publications with hawthorn as the keyword in the database from 1991 to 2020. The publishing time was divided into three stages according to one stage every 10 years. We analyzed the publications by the total number, countries/regions, institutions, authors, research directions, research cooperation of countries/regions, hot keywords and so on according to the classified three stages. The results showed that the number of research publications on hawthorn had an upward trend in the 30 years, China had overtaken the United States to become the country with the largest number of publications in the third-stage, but the institutions and authors with the largest number of publications in all the three stages were from the United States. In addition, the study revealed that the hot research directions of hawthorn had transformed from entomology, ecology and agronomy into the post-harvest application of food science, chemistry and pharmacology. At present, the focus of the field is the application of hawthorn in pharmacology, and the hotspot in the research is the antioxidant effect of hawthorn. Three close research cooperation networks on hawthorn have been formed in the world, all from developed countries, while China has not yet formed one. Therefore, the domestic research of hawthorn should focus on pharmacology in the future, encouraging multi-institution cooperation and systematic in-depth study on the aspects of the antioxidant effect of hawthorn in cardiovascular health and oxidative stress.

  Discussion on Building High-Quality Farmers’ Cultivation Circulation System LIU Dan, LIU Xuan 2022, 12 (11):  71-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0136 Abstract + ( 160 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 165 ) Rural revitalization depends on people. Cultivating high-quality farmers is the key to promote rural talent revitalization and agricultural modernization. In recent years, the CPC (the Communist Party of China) and the government have highlighted cultivating high-quality farmers. By integrating education and training resources, building and making good use of the cultivation system, and providing training across the whole industrial chain at different levels and in various categories, a relatively complete working mechanism has been formed, and some tangible results have been achieved. To improve the quality of training and standardize the work of training institutions at all levels, it is necessary to establish a circulation system of “investigating training needs → formulating plans →organizing and implementing training → evaluating the effectiveness → revising plans → organizing and implementing training”, which can improve the operating mechanism of high-quality farmers’ training, enhance its quality and effect, and promote the revitalization of rural talents and the modernization of agriculture and rural areas.

  On the Basic Elements and Creative Techniques of Rural Popular Science Works BIAN Quanle, BAO Shuzheng, LIAO Danfeng, ZHANG Nan, WANG Changhai, WANG Aijiao 2022, 12 (11):  76-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0146 Abstract + ( 208 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1271KB )   ( 506 ) The science popularization in rural areas is inseparable from the creation of popular science works with agricultural and rural themes. At present, there are four problems in popular science works for rural areas: (1) mainly focus on agricultural technology popularization, neglecting the comprehensive dissemination of scientific spirit, idea, knowledge and methods; (2) prevailed disconnection between natural science and social science, and between S&T and ideology, culture, literature and art; (3) backward concept of science popularization, outdated expression skills and inadequate basic elements of popular science works; (4) many works with similar content, repeated topics and serious homogenization. The creation of rural popular science works should highlight 10 basic elements: political content, ideological content, scientific content, innovativeness, professional characteristics, accuracy, interest, readability, popularity and literary nature. The works can be created by four methods, such as questions and answers, elaboration, ‘five-step method’ (a method designed for popular science works) and deduction. Guided by the integration of science, technology, culture and art, some skills should be mastered in the creation of popular science works for rural areas, including taking 3-M (memorable, meaningful, miniature) as the principle, deploying good plot, humor, numerical expression and rhetoric, and proper handling of the topics. Finally, the paper took six typical rural popular science works as the cases for studying the characteristics of this kind of works.

  On the Modern Values of Binglangjiang Buffalo Feeding System WANG Jinmei, YANG Yuan, MIAO Yongwang 2022, 12 (11):  88-93.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0149 Abstract + ( 189 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1110KB )   ( 197 ) Modern agriculture is generated on the basis of traditional agriculture, and many kinds of wisdom of existence are contained in agricultural heritage and still have important practical significance today. As an important agricultural heritage in China, Binglangjiang buffalo feeding system has modern values of production, ecology, science and culture, and could promote the development of modern agriculture and the rural revitalization in the frontier minority areas. Through summarizing the modern value of Binglangjiang buffalo feeding system, this study can be conducive to the protection and utilization of agricultural heritage and make the heritage play a greater role in the development of agriculture and rural areas in the new era.

  Rural Talent Revitalization: Policy Features, Main Practices and Key Relationships LI Yan, MO Guanggang 2022, 12 (11):  94-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0035 Abstract + ( 301 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1149KB )   ( 307 ) Promoting the revitalization of rural talents is a systematic project that needs to be carried out under the overall planning of the central government. All localities should carefully organize and implement the specific tasks related to rural talent revitalization in light of their own actual conditions. This paper systematically sorts out the policies of the central and local governments on promoting the revitalization of rural talents, summarizes good experience and good practices in introducing and guiding talents to the frontline of rural areas, cultivating and motivating rural talents, and innovating systems and mechanisms. At the same time, several relationships that need to be properly handled and grasped are proposed, and suggestions on common problems are put forward, which have important guiding significance for building the rural talent depression into a talent highland and accelerating the revitalization of rural talents.