Current issue

• 2023 Vol.13 No.11 Published:20 November 2023

  Research Status and Trend of Maize Planting Density and Yield LI Jiahang, WANG Shaoxin, XU Luo, LI Zhongjian, WANG Baobao, FENG Jianying 2023, 13 (11):  1-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0157 Abstract + ( 314 )   HTML ( 19 )   PDF ( 3278KB )   ( 184 ) To have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of researches on maize planting density and yield at home and abroad, 5150 pieces of literature on maize planting density and yield collected from the CNKI database and Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2022 were taken as samples for visual analysis based on CiteSpace software. The results showed that the United States ranked first in the total research volume in this field, followed by China, far beyond other countries. In recent years, China had overtaken the United States in the number of research papers in this field, and kept more than 100 articles published every year. Agronomy Journal had the largest number of publications, with a total of 230 papers, and had the largest influence in academic circles. Chinese scholar Liu Peng published the most papers, made the greatest contribution to the research progress in this field, and cooperated closely with other authors. The research institutions were mainly universities, mostly in northern China, and the cooperation among regional institutions needed to be strengthened. In this field, special corn such as fresh food and silage corn, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, sustainable agriculture, mechanized management, soil properties, yield loss, mathematical model, straw utilization, and so on are the hot research issues in recent years.

  A Comparative Study on New Combination Traits in Different Maize Varieties XIAO Guozhong, SHI Xiaojiang, ZHAO Zhijian, ZHANG Qiong, XIAO Feng, LIU Yan, PANG Zhaoliang, PENG Chun, YANG Xiaoming, XU Cheng, WANG Hengzhen, ZENG Jianqiang, ZHANG Jianbo, JIANG Yongjun, TANG Lingling, QIN Wei 2023, 13 (11):  12-16.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0135 Abstract + ( 134 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1128KB )   ( 49 ) In order to screen out the maize varieties suitable for production, demonstration and promotion in Hunan area, the growth period, field resistance and yield traits of five varieties, including ‘Xiangnong Yu No. 36’, ‘Xiangnong Yu No. 40’, ‘Xiangnong Yu No. 42’, ‘Xiangnong Yu Liangyou No. 1’ and ‘Xiangnong Yu Liangyou No. 2’, were investigated and analyzed in this experiment. The optimal varieties were screened out, which laid the foundation for the next regional experiment. Through the correlation analysis of agronomic traits and yield, significant factors affecting yield were obtained. The test results showed that the growth period of all varieties was between 107-110 d. The incidence of diseases and pests in ‘Xiangnongyu No. 36’ was low, with no obvious lodging. The yield was 9.9 t/hm2, and 51% higher than that of the control variety, which was the highest among the tested varieties. It was considered as the optimal variety after comprehensive analysis, which could be used for the next regional test. In the correlation analysis between agronomic traits and yield, the factors affecting yield were sorted from strong to weak: panicle length> 100-grain weight> high-panicle position, among which panicle length was extremely positively correlated with yield, 100-grain weight was significantly positively correlated with yield, and panicle row number had a weak negative correlation with yield. Therefore, in the process of breeding new maize varieties, varieties with long panicle length, high 100-grain weight and low panicle row number should be comprehensively selected.

  Cotton Seed Priming: A Review FENG Chengling, ZHOU Yongping, TIAN Haiyan, LIU Xu, ZHANG Haina 2023, 13 (11):  17-22.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0158 Abstract + ( 119 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1412KB )   ( 61 ) Seed priming is an important method to promote seed germination, seedling growth, and stress resistance of cotton. This paper summarized the application effect of seed priming on the improvement of drought tolerance, cold tolerance, salt tolerance, and disease tolerance of cotton and the promotion of yield in recent years. And the action mechanisms of different priming technologies to cotton were concluded from the aspects of cotton form, physiology, and molecule. Finally, the development of cotton seed priming was discussed and prospected.

  Screening of Anthracnose-resistant Resources and Study on Anthracnose Damage in Southwest Glutinous Red Sorghum YING Heng, ZHANG Jiwei, YIN Yong, ZHANG Lin, ZHANG Deyin, ZHOU Junhui 2023, 13 (11):  23-28.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0172 Abstract + ( 110 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1641KB )   ( 71 ) To determine the relationship between the degree of anthracnose and damage, and to screen the germplasm resources of resistance to anthracnose of southwest glutinous red sorghum, so as to lay a material foundation for breeding resistance to anthracnose. Field spray inoculation was carried out by artificially cultured dominant strain ZG-FS-1 with strong virulence. After inoculation, the resistance level was determined according to disease classification standard. Compared with the uninoculated group, the loss rate of seed weight and germination were obtained. Among the 92 sorghum resources, 10 were highly resistant (HR), 10 were resistant (R), 5 were moderately resistant (MR), 20 were susceptible (S) and 47 were highly susceptible (HS).The average loss rate of spike grain weight of HR, R, MR, S and HS resources were 4.37%, 6.69%, 8.89%, 34.12% and 52.50%, respectively. The average loss rate of 1000-seed weight were 1.81%, 2.98%, 5.59%, 14.56%, 28.89%, and the average loss rate of germination rate were 0.97%, 5.40%, 5.76%, 11.11%, 20.46%, respectively. Sorghum anthracnose can not only greatly reduce the yield of sorghum, but also reduce the germination rate of sorghum seeds. The resistance to sorghum anthracnose could be accurately identified by artificial inoculation and the selected resistant resources could be used as breeding materials for resistance genetic improvement.

  Research on Green Prevention and Control Technology of Tobacco Root-Knot Nematode Disease GUO Shanhu, ZHANG Jintao, ZHANG Zhihong, XIAO Yongfei, DENG Zhixiong, HE Zhiming, XU Sai, ZHU Yongli, XIANG Rongrong 2023, 13 (11):  29-34.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0175 Abstract + ( 131 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1234KB )   ( 48 ) To explore the technology of green control of tobacco root knot nematode, in areas where root-knot nematode disease is frequent, chemical pesticides, biological pesticides and functional microbial agents are used to carry out comprehensive control research on tobacco root-knot nematode disease. After comparative analysis, the prevention and control measures with obvious disease prevention effect were screened. The rational application of bio-organic fertilizer, chemical pesticide, biopesticide and biofungicide can promote the growth of tobacco plants, improve the economic characteristics of tobacco and improve the quality of tobacco leaves. Different treatments had a certain effect on the control of root-knot nematodes, and the prevention and control effect of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%+Biocontrol agent No. 6” was the best, and the prevention and control effect was 96.96%. The prevention and control effects of the two modes of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Purpureocillium lilacinum+Biocontrol agent No. 6” and “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%” were similar, which were 85.43% and 84.11% respectively. Compared with other three treatments, the prevention and control effect of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Purpureocillium lilacinum” was poor,which was only 72.85%. The fertilization mode of “Bio-organic fertilizer+Thiazolphosphine content 10%+Biocontrol agent No. 6” can effectively improve the quality of tobacco leaves, and has the best effect on the prevention and control of tobacco root knot nematode disease.

  Effect of Seed Dressing and Spraying with Iron Chlorin on Peanut Growth and Yield ZHANG Xinfeng, ZHANG Guo, YU Julong, SHU Zhaolin 2023, 13 (11):  35-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0006 Abstract + ( 107 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1331KB )   ( 81 ) To clearly define the dosage and investigate the effect of seed dressing and spray with iron chlorin on the growth and yield of peanut, seed dressing with different concentrations of iron chlorin and spray treatment at different growth stages were used in this research. The results show that both seed dressing and spray of iron chlorin would promote peanut growth and branching, increase the number of corner fruit per plant and kernel weight, and increase peanut yields by 12.38%-14.29% with seed treatment method and 33.33%-55.87% with spray method. From the perspective of economy, the appropriate amount of seed treatment is 0.02% chlorin SP 0.20-1.00 g per kg peanut, and the appropriate concentration of spray is 0.02% chlorin SP 1000 to 5000 times.

  The Correlation Between Organic Matter Content and Other Nutrients in Flower Cultivated Soil Layer in Hongta District TIAN Jinghua, GUO Fengming, CHEN Kelong, LIAO Ping, YANG Yun 2023, 13 (11):  43-48.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0174 Abstract + ( 85 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 38 ) To solve prominent problems of simplified application of organic fertilizers in flower production in Hongta District, a scientific basis for soil fertility cultivation with organic fertilizers was studied by analyzing the relationship between organic matter and other nutrient factors. 50 representative soil samples were collected from 7 major flower growing areas, and 13 indicators such as soil organic matter, total nitrogen and alkaline nitrogen were measured and analyzed. The conclusions are as follows. (1) The organic matter content of soil in the cultivated layer of flowers ranged from 5.9 to 49.7 g/kg, with an average of 29.53 g/kg and a 95% confidence zone of 26.59-32.47 g/kg; and the variation range, average value and 95% confidence zone of the other 12 nutrient indicators were also determined. (2) Soil samples with organic matter content ranged from 30.1 to 49.7 g/kg (with an average of 37.90 g/kg) were classified into organic matter rich or relatively rich levels, accounting for 48% of the total samples, and areas represented by these samples were suitable for flower cultivation in Hongta; soil samples with organic matter content ranged from 5.9 to 29.8 g/kg (with an average of 21.80 g/kg) belonged to medium to very poor levels, accounting for 52% of the total, and areas represented by these samples were the crucial part of soil fertility cultivation with organic fertilizers. (3) The organic matter content of soil had positive correlations with pH, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available zinc, slow-release potassium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron, and exchangeable calcium, a total of eight indicators, and all the correlations reached a significant level or more; through regression analysis, the regression equation y=a+bx was obtained, and the equation by ANOVA reached a significant level or more; the regression coefficient by t-test P value was less than 0.05, indicating that the organic matter content had significant impact on the eight nutrient indicators. Therefore, in flower production in Hongta District, applying more organic fertilizers could increase the soil organic matter content, as well as the content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available zinc, slow-release potassium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron and exchangeable calcium. 8 regression equations could be used to quickly obtain the content of total nitrogen, available phosphorus, available zinc, slow-release potassium, exchangeable magnesium, available iron and exchangeable calcium through the determination of organic matter and pH, thus providing timely guidance to flower fertilization.

  Quality Dynamic Variation and Response to Meteorological Factors in the Development of Peach Fruits WANG Luyao, YAN Jintao, LIU Tao, LI Jingnan, CHEN Wei 2023, 13 (11):  49-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0165 Abstract + ( 111 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1322KB )   ( 56 ) In order to improve the quality of peach fruits and determine the best harvest time, ‘Jiubao’ was used as the material. The variations of single fruit weight, diameter, hardness, soluble solids content and titratable acid content were analyzed in this study. The models of fruit quality and main meteorological factors were established with the multiple regression method. The results showed that the growth and development dynamics of single fruit weight and diameter presented ‘slow-fast-slow’ stage characteristics, and conformed to the Logister curve. The single fruit weight maximum value appeared at 91 days after flowering, the vertical diameter growth maximum value appeared at 66 days after flowering, and the horizontal diameter growth maximum value appeared 5 days later. With the ripening of peach fruits, the fruit hardness gradually decreased, and the soluble solids content increased with a gradually accelerated rate. The titratable acid content fluctuated in a small range at first and then decreased rapidly. Combined with the regression analysis results, the fruit quality was mainly affected by ≥18℃ cumulative temperature, ≥24℃ cumulative temperature, daily average temperature and cumulative sunshine hours. Under the conditions of ≥18℃ cumulative temperature ≥1170.21℃, ≥24℃ cumulative temperature ≥769.23℃, daily average temperature ≥27.00℃, and cumulative sunshine hours ≥318.89 h, the fruit quality could reach the best maturity.

  Genetic Analysis of Purple Characters in Petals and Fruits of Ornamental and Edible Pepper ZENG Li, LIU Yingsheng, XU Xiaowan 2023, 13 (11):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0123 Abstract + ( 97 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1564KB )   ( 46 ) The paper aims to explore the genetic mechanism of purple characters in petals and fruits of ornamental and edible pepper. White pepper F7 and purple pepper F8 were used as parents to construct six generations of genetic families, namely P1, P2, F1, F2, BC1, BC2. The petals color and unripe fruits color of six generations were analyzed by visual observation. The genetic law of purple characters in petals and fruits were researched. The results showed that the petals color and unripe fruits color of F1 generation group were purple, indicating that the purple color of petals and fruits was dominant to white color. The purple and white individuals of F2 segregating population were in accordance with Mendel’s 3:1 separation ratio, indicating that the purple petals and fruit of pepper were controlled by one dominant gene. The purple and white individuals of BC1 segregating population were in accordance with 1:1 separation ratio. The petals color and fruits color of BC2 generation group were purple, but there were shades of color, indicating that the gene controlling purple had an additive effect.

  Diversity and Color Regulation of Carotenoids Composition in Ornamental Plants LI Xi, YUE Zhiqiang 2023, 13 (11):  60-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0117 Abstract + ( 116 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1174KB )   ( 68 ) In this review, we listed the types, structures and colors of common carotenoids in nature, and focused on the ornamental plants with carotenoids as the main pigment components. The differences in composition and content of carotenoids in petals of different ornamental plant species and different color varieties were illustrated with examples, and the relationship between flower color and carotenoid components were discussed. Moreover, the effect of genes expression level related to carotenoid biosynthesis pathway on flower color were analyzed, and the cases that changing flower color by regulating the synthesis and degradation of carotenoids through genetic engineering were reviewed. Overall, we provided ideas of regulating carotenoid components and contents to accurately and directionally change plant flower colors to obtain new flower varieties with high ornamental value.

  The Application of Fermented Chinese Herbal Medicine in Animal Production During the Post-Antibiotic Era YIN Hong, ZHANG Hongyan, ZHANG Qiang, HAN Shanshan 2023, 13 (11):  67-72.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0170 Abstract + ( 128 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1013KB )   ( 69 ) As a feed additive, fermented Chinese herbal medicine has the advantages of enhancing immunity, preventing disease, and having no antibiotic resistance. Especially in the cases of feed prohibition of antibiotics, fermented Chinese herbal medicine has broad prospects as a feed additive. After fermentation, the Chinese herbal liquid and residue provide a dual health benefit by preserving the traditional efficacy of Chinese medicine and containing beneficial probiotics that animals can easily absorb and use. The use of fermented Chinese herbal medicine can not only expand the utilization of Chinese herbal resources, but also help improve the breeding environment, promote the healthy growth of animals, reduce occurrence of disease incidence, and save the breeding costs. In the post-antibiotic era, using plant extract nutrition to intervene in livestock and poultry breeding, prevent disease and realize animal’s health is one of the most effective ways to replace and prohibit antibiotics. In this regard, the functional feed additives made from traditional Chinese herbal medicine are in line with the national green development concept by improving the body immunity from inside out and improving the production performance of farming animals. This article reviews the current application status of fermented Chinese herbal medicine as a feed additive in livestock and poultry farming, providing a reference for further research on the application of fermented Chinese herbal medicine in animal husbandry.

  Simulation of Fruit and Vegetable Cellular Automata Treated by High Voltage Pulsed Electric Field SONG Xinyue, ZHAO Weiyu, DU Yihan, WANG Jiahao, LIU Zhenyu 2023, 13 (11):  73-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0173 Abstract + ( 78 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 2248KB )   ( 38 ) The study aims to use a cellular automata dynamic model with spatiotemporal features to simulate the calculation process of fruit and vegetable medium treated by a high voltage pulse electric field, and this simulation provides theoretical support for the application of high-voltage pulse electric field technology in fruits and vegetable preservation, drying, and sterilization. On the basis of considering the phenomenon and principle of cell breakdown in fruits and vegetables caused by high-voltage pulsed electric field treatment, a cellular automaton model for fruit and vegetable breakdown in the electric field was constructed by specifying the cellular space, state, and rules. The results showed that the simulation results of the experiment were in line with the breakdown characteristics of pulsed electric field treatment of fruit and vegetable media. The fitting degree was high compared with the actual situation, and the error was small. By using cellular automaton to simulate the model of pulsed electric field treatment of fruits and vegetable media, the breakdown process of fruits and vegetable media was reflected, which was beneficial to the application and promotion of pulsed electric field technology in the field of fruits and vegetables.

  Nanguo Pear in Anshan: The Influencing Factors of Flowering Period and the Forecast of Initial Flowering Period HAN Yanfeng, HE Jun, KANG Xiaoyu 2023, 13 (11):  81-87.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0169 Abstract + ( 102 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1345KB )   ( 191 ) Nanguo pear is a kind of Geographic Indications Product in Liaoning, and pear flower viewing is a tourism resource to be developed. Forecasting the flowering period is conducive to promoting the tourism industry. Based on the meteorological data of Anshan from 2000 to 2022 and the phenological data of the flowering period, we established a forecast model to screen related climate factors by using relevant analysis and stepwise regression methods. The results showed that the temperature in March was the main factor that affected the initial flowering period, followed by precipitation and light. Anshan Nanguo pear started to blossom in middle and late April. The flowering started in late April if the average temperature in the middle of March was less than 4.0℃, the average maximum temperature was less than 9.0℃, the average temperature from the middle of March to the first ten days of April was less than 6.0℃, and the average minimum temperature was less than 2.0℃. Without these conditions, the flowering started in the first ten days of April. The initial flowering period was advanced by 2-3 days when the temperature increased by 1℃. We selected six factors by stepwise regression, including the average temperature and the average maximum temperature in the middle of March, the average temperature, the average maximum temperature and the average minimum temperature from the middle of March to the first ten days of April, and the precipitation from the last ten days of March to the first ten days of April. The accuracy of the prediction model for the initial flowering period was 84.8%. It is feasible to predict the initial flowering period of Anshan Nanguo pear by using relevant indicators and stepwise regression model, and the method can be included in special meteorological forecast services.

  The Current Situation and Challenge of Agricultural Science Popularization in China LI Yinqiu, GUAN Sijia, YANG Jinjin, MA Yixing 2023, 13 (11):  88-94.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0024 Abstract + ( 157 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1155KB )   ( 227 ) Agricultural science popularization is not only an important bridge to realize the effective transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements, but also the key to realize the improvement of national agricultural scientific literacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the modernization development path of agricultural science popularization for different social groups in China, in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of agricultural science popularization to meet multiple demands at the present stage. Based on the statistical data of China's science popularization in 2021, this paper analyzes the current status and problems of China's agricultural science popularization through horizontal and vertical comparison of science popularization data from the perspectives of talent team, communication channels, bases and funds. Generally, the development of agricultural science popularization in China is in a good direction on the whole. The teams, channels and bases have been greatly developed, but there are still deficiencies in the supply of science popularization content, interest, special facilities and the participation of multiple subjects. Therefore, to promote the development of agricultural science popularization in China, it is necessary to fully optimize the allocation of existing resources, improve the application of new media, and realize the multiple inputs of market entities and multi-party participation of agricultural science popularization talents.

  Research on the Rural Revitalization Pathof Homestay Operation Based on Symbiosis WEI Simeng, LIAO Dongsheng 2023, 13 (11):  95-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0060 Abstract + ( 130 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1625KB )   ( 103 ) Under the background of promoting rural revitalization, according to the existing problems in the development of homestay, the research introduced the solution of cultural tourism industry operator - Living in Seclusion. Based on the symbiotic relationship, this paper refined the operation model with village collective cooperation, introducing investorsto realize value co-creation. Through the participation and cooperation of multiple subjects, the employment, income increase and the development of rural tourism of local villagers can be promoted, and the protection and publicity of rural culture will be realized. The comprehensive development of local agriculture, culture and tourism through the operation of homestay has laid a solid foundation for the deep integration of agriculture, culture and tourism industry, and provides theoretical basis and practical reference for rural revitalization.