土壤和叶面施锌对小麦农艺性状、籽粒产量和对锌、铁及硒微量元素浓度的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2020-0206

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (7): 23-27.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2020-0206

所属专题：小麦

• 土壤肥料/资源环境/生态 • 上一篇下一篇

土壤和叶面施锌对小麦农艺性状、籽粒产量和对锌、铁及硒微量元素浓度的影响

王澜¹^,²(), 夏海勇¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), 孔玮琳², 贤伟华⁵, 马国兴⁶, 王子浩⁷, 张荣亭⁸, 李豪圣²^,⁴, 龚魁杰²^,⁴, 刘开昌²^,³^,⁴

¹山东师范大学生命科学学院,济南 250014
²山东省农业科学院作物研究所/山东省作物遗传改良与生态生理重点实验室/小麦玉米国家工程实验室,济南 250100
³青岛农业大学农学院,山东青岛 266109
⁴山东省农业科学院（菏泽）小麦产业技术研究院,济南 250100
⁵东明县农业农村局,山东东明 274500
⁶东明县益康源食品有限公司,山东东明 274507
⁷中化农业（临沂）研发中心有限公司,山东临沂 276000
⁸济南市农业科学研究院,济南 250316

收稿日期:2020-09-18 修回日期:2020-11-24 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-08-04
通讯作者: 夏海勇 E-mail:878964372@qq.com;haiyongxiasaas@163.com
作者简介:王澜,女,1996年出生,山东济南人,在读硕士研究生,主要从事植物营养与生理生态研究。通信地址：250100 山东省济南市历城区工业北路202号山东省农业科学院,Tel：0531-66659845,E-mail： 878964372@qq.com。
基金资助:
山东省重点研发计划(公益性科技攻关类)项目“小麦籽粒锌营养强化肥料运筹技术研究与示范”(2018GNC111012);山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程项目“主要农作物轮作制度关键技术”(CXGC2016B04);山东农业大学作物生物学国家重点实验室开放课题“叶面喷施铁锌微肥对小麦籽粒铁和锌浓度、化学形态和生物有效性的影响”(2016KF05);国家重点研发计划项目“黄淮海粮油作物间套作资源高效利用研究”(2016YFD0300202)

Effects of Soil and Foliar Zinc Application on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Grain Zinc, Iron and Selenium Concentration of Wheat

Wang Lan¹^,²(), Xia Haiyong¹^,²^,³^,⁴(), Kong Weilin², Xian Weihua⁵, Ma Guoxing⁶, Wang Zihao⁷, Zhang Rongting⁸, Li Haosheng²^,⁴, Gong Kuijie²^,⁴, Liu Kaichang²^,³^,⁴

¹College of Life Sciences, Shandong Normal University, Jinan 250014, Shandong, China
²Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, Ecology and Physiology/National Engineering Laboratory for Wheat and Maize, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
³College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, Shandong, China
⁴Wheat Industrial Technology Research Institute of Heze, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250100, Shandong, China
⁵Dongming County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Dongming 274500, Shandong, China
⁶Yikangyuan Food Co., Ltd., Dongming 274507, Shandong, China
⁷Sinochem Agriculture Linyi R&D Center Co., Ltd., Linyi 276000, Shandong, China
⁸Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250316, Shandong, China

Received:2020-09-18 Revised:2020-11-24 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-08-04
Contact: Xia Haiyong E-mail:878964372@qq.com;haiyongxiasaas@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

锌(Zn)是动植物和人体必需的微量元素,能预防肺炎等疾病和提高人体免疫功能。小麦作为中国主要粮食作物,为满足人体对锌的营养需求,提高小麦籽粒锌含量十分必要。为给优质富锌小麦生产提供理论依据和技术支撑,通过在田间条件下进行土壤和叶面施锌试验,研究其对小麦农艺性状和籽粒产量的影响,尤其是对籽粒锌浓度的生物强化效果,以及对籽粒中其他2种有益微量元素（铁和硒）的影响规律。结果表明：土施锌肥使小麦穗数从447.0万穗/hm²增加到511.5万穗/hm²,增幅14.4%。土壤和叶面施Zn使得小麦籽粒产量从5419.5~6250.5 kg/hm²增加到6372.0~6811.5 kg/hm²,增幅5.2%~17.6%,对籽粒铁和硒浓度均无显著影响,有效提升籽粒Zn浓度,从34.0~39.6 mg/kg提高到44.6~46.6 mg/kg,增幅17.7%~32.9%,达到世界卫生组织等机构和科学家所推荐的生物强化目标值(40~50 mg/kg)。因此,土壤和叶面施Zn提高小麦产量的同时,可以提升籽粒锌营养品质,是实现小麦提质增效的有效途径,建议大面积推广应用。

关键词: 小麦, 微量元素, 施肥, 营养强化, 提质增效

Abstract:

Zinc (Zn) is an essential micronutrient element for the growth and development of animals, plants and the human body, which can prevent pneumonia and other diseases and improve human immune function. Wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is a major food crop in China, to meet the nutritional demand of human body for Zn, it is necessary to increase the Zn concentration in wheat grains. To provide a theoretical basis and technical support for the production of high quality wheat grains enriched with Zn, effects of soil and foliar Zn application on agronomic traits, grain yield, and the concentration of Zn (in particular) and also other two beneficial micronutrients including iron (Fe) and selenium (Se) in wheat grains were investigated under field condition. The results showed that the number of wheat ears of per hectare increased from 4470 thousand to 5115 thousand by soil Zn application, with an increase of 14.4%. Soil and foliar Zn application increased the grain yields of wheat from 5419.5-6250.5 kg/hm² to 6372.0-6811.5 kg/hm² with an increase rate of 5.2%-17.6%. Simultaneously, it had non-significant effect on the concentration of Fe and Se in grains, but effectively increased the Zn concentration from 34.0-39.6 mg/kg to 44.6-46.6 mg/kg with an increase rate of 17.7%-32.9%, achieving the target value of biofortification recommended by the World Health Organization and other institutions and scientists (40-50 mg/kg). Therefore, the application of Zn via soil and foliar spraying could improve the nutritional quality of grain Zn while increasing wheat yield, which is an effective way to improve the quality and efficiency of wheat production and is worth popularizing in large scale.

Key words: Wheat, Micronutrient, Fertilization, Nutrition Fortification, Improve Quality and Efficiency

中图分类号:

S512.1

王澜, 夏海勇, 孔玮琳, 贤伟华, 马国兴, 王子浩, 张荣亭, 李豪圣, 龚魁杰, 刘开昌. 土壤和叶面施锌对小麦农艺性状、籽粒产量和对锌、铁及硒微量元素浓度的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2021, 11(7): 23-27.

Wang Lan, Xia Haiyong, Kong Weilin, Xian Weihua, Ma Guoxing, Wang Zihao, Zhang Rongting, Li Haosheng, Gong Kuijie, Liu Kaichang. Effects of Soil and Foliar Zinc Application on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Grain Zinc, Iron and Selenium Concentration of Wheat[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(7): 23-27.

图/表 5

参考文献 25

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试验名称	试验处理	肥料用量或叶面喷施溶液组成
土施Zn肥	CK-不施Zn	0
土施Zn肥	土施Zn肥	30 kg ZnSO₄·7H₂O/hm²
叶面喷Zn	CK	对照
	叶面喷Zn	ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.4%,w/v)+吐温20 (0.01%,v/v)
	叶面喷Zn和蔗糖	ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.4%,w/v)+蔗糖(2.0%,w/v)+吐温20 (0.01%,v/v)

试验名称	试验处理	肥料用量或叶面喷施溶液组成
土施Zn肥	CK-不施Zn	0
土施Zn肥	土施Zn肥	30 kg ZnSO₄·7H₂O/hm²
叶面喷Zn	CK	对照
	叶面喷Zn	ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.4%,w/v)+吐温20 (0.01%,v/v)
	叶面喷Zn和蔗糖	ZnSO₄·7H₂O (0.4%,w/v)+蔗糖(2.0%,w/v)+吐温20 (0.01%,v/v)

试验处理	穗数/(万穗/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
CK-不施Zn	447.0b	32.9a	45.3a	5419.5b	0.53a
土施Zn肥	511.5a	32.9a	44.1a	6372.0a	0.54a

试验处理	穗数/(万穗/hm²)	穗粒数	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
CK-不施Zn	447.0b	32.9a	45.3a	5419.5b	0.53a
土施Zn肥	511.5a	32.9a	44.1a	6372.0a	0.54a

试验处理	锌/(mg/kg)	铁/(mg/kg)	硒/(μg/kg)
CK-不施Zn	39.6b	20.5a	29.7a
土施Zn肥	46.6a	18.8a	31.2a

土壤和叶面施锌对小麦农艺性状、籽粒产量和对锌、铁及硒微量元素浓度的影响

Effects of Soil and Foliar Zinc Application on Agronomic Traits, Grain Yield and Grain Zinc, Iron and Selenium Concentration of Wheat

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试验处理	穗数/（万穗/hm²）	穗粒数	千粒重/g	籽粒产量/(kg/hm²)	收获指数
CK	546.0a	36.9a	37.8a	6250.5b	0.53a
叶面喷Zn	556.5a	37.7a	40.2a	6811.5a	0.52a
叶面喷Zn和蔗糖	570.0a	36.6a	38.9a	6574.5a	0.53a

试验处理	锌/(mg/kg)	铁/(mg/kg)	硒/(μg/kg)
CK	34.0b	37.8a	16.0a
叶面喷Zn	44.6a	38.9a	15.5a
叶面喷Zn和蔗糖	45.2a	35.3a	14.0a

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