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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (11): 42-49.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0065

• 林学/园艺/园林/食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

蒙自石榴栽培系统的历史演变、结构特征和价值

张洪森1(), 徐秋娥1, 陶妍1, 张红榛2, 角媛梅1(), 李雨馨3   

  1. 1云南师范大学地理学部，昆明 650500
    2红河学院人文学院，云南蒙自 661100
    3中国文化遗产研究院，北京 100010
  • 收稿日期:2021-04-13 修回日期:2021-11-22 出版日期:2022-11-20 发布日期:2023-01-11
  • 通讯作者: 角媛梅 E-mail:3308599690@qq.com;ymjiao@sina.com
  • 作者简介:张洪森，男，1998年出生，云南昆明人，硕士研究生，研究方向：区域生态与景观规划。通信地址：650500 云南省昆明市呈贡区云南师范大学地理学部，E-mail：3308599690@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“哈尼梯田遗产区聚落景观快速变化机制与景区化过程及保护”(41761115);国家自然科学基金项目“哈尼梯田景观结构-水文连接度与世界遗产保护研究”(41271203);校地合作项目“蒙自石榴栽培系统申报中国重要农业文化遗产”

The Historical Evolution, Structural Characteristics and Value of the Mengzi Pomegranate Cultivation System

ZHANG Hongsen1(), XU Qiu’e1, TAO Yan1, ZHANG Hongzhen2, JIAO Yuanmei1(), LI Yuxin3   

  1. 1Department of Geography, Yunnan Normal University, Kunming 650500, Yunnan, China
    2College of Humanities, Honghe University, Mengzi 661100, Yunnan, China
    3Chinese Academy of Cultural Heritage, Beijing 100010, China
  • Received:2021-04-13 Revised:2021-11-22 Online:2022-11-20 Published:2023-01-11
  • Contact: JIAO Yuanmei E-mail:3308599690@qq.com;ymjiao@sina.com

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摘要：

为摸清蒙自石榴栽培系统的空间分布、格局特征和系统结构，探寻其历史演变，挖掘潜在的遗产价值，论证申报国家级重要农业文化遗产的条件，运用遥感卫星影像和GIS技术分析识别蒙自石榴栽培系统的空间分布和格局特征，并结合实地调查、深度访谈和文献资料阅读等方法进行研究。蒙自石榴栽培系统是云南高原特色现代农业的杰出代表，在长期的演化中形成一套较为完善的石榴丰产栽培技术，主要表现在：（1）蒙自栽培石榴距今已有700多年历史，面积超过8666 hm2，是全国八大主产区之一，享有“中国石榴之乡”的美誉；（2）蒙自石榴栽培系统在景观尺度上具有“城-园互嵌”的格局，栽培模式多样化，其中的传统栽培模式和生态栽培模式最具价值；（3）蒙自石榴栽培系统种质资源众多，形成具有地方特色的生态农产品，甜绿籽石榴驰名中外；（4）蒙自石榴栽培系统拥有重要的经济价值、生态价值和文化价值。蒙自石榴栽培系统具备申请国家级重要农业文化遗产的基本条件，研究结果可为蒙自打造云南高原特色现代农业示范区，实现蒙自石榴产业高质量、可持续发展提供科学依据。

关键词: 农业文化遗产, 蒙自石榴栽培系统, 结构, 特征, 特色农业

Abstract:

The paper aims to clarify the spatial distribution, pattern characteristics and system structure of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, explore its historical evolution and potential heritage value, and demonstrate the conditions for the declaration of China-NIAHS (National Important Agricultural Heritage Systems). We conducted the study by using remote sensing images and GIS technology to analyze and identify the spatial distribution and pattern characteristics of the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, in combination with field investigations, interviews and literature reading. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system is an outstanding representative of modern agriculture with characteristics of the Yunnan plateau. In its long process of evolution, a relatively complete set of pomegranate high-yield cultivation techniques has been formed, which is mainly reflected in: (1) Mengzi has a history of cultivating pomegranates for more than 700 years, with an area of more than 8666 hm2, it is one of the eight main pomegranate producing areas in China and enjoys the reputation of ‘Hometown of Pomegranate in China’; (2) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has a ‘city and garden inter-embedding’ pattern on the landscape scale, with diversified cultivation modes, of which the traditional and ecological cultivation modes are the most valuable; (3) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has many high-quality germplasm resources, forming ecological agricultural products with local characteristics, the ‘Tianlvzi’ pomegranate is well-known at home and abroad; (4) the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has important economic, ecological and cultural values. The Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system has the basic conditions for applying for China-NIAHS, and the study could provide scientific decision-making reference for Mengzi to build a modern agricultural demonstration zone with Yunnan plateau characteristics and achieve high-quality and sustainable development of the Mengzi pomegranate industry.

Key words: agricultural heritage, the Mengzi pomegranate cultivation system, structure, characteristics, characteristic agriculture

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