播期对藜麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0226

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (7): 1-7.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0226

• 农艺农学生理生化 • 下一篇

播期对藜麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

王金秀¹(), 刘家斌¹, 林琪², 刘义国¹, 周圆³, 段文萍¹, 耿兴华¹, 李玲燕¹, 师长海¹()

¹ 青岛农业大学农学院，山东青岛 266109
² 青岛丽麦香农业科技有限公司，山东青岛 266109
³ 初心（东营）现代农业有限公司，山东东营 257300

收稿日期:2024-12-24 修回日期:2025-03-19 出版日期:2025-07-20 发布日期:2025-07-18
通讯作者:
师长海，男，1981年出生，山东泰安人，博士，副教授，研究方向：作物高产高效生理生态。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号青岛农业大学，E-mail：qndsch@126.com。
作者简介:
王金秀，女，2000年出生，山东德州人，硕士研究生，研究方向：藜麦引种栽培。通信地址：266109 山东省青岛市城阳区长城路700号青岛农业大学，E-mail：wjx17854285513@126.com。
基金资助:
青岛丽麦香农业科技有限公司技术开发项目“优质藜麦高效生产及全产业链开发利用”(20213702032449); 中央引导地方科技发展专项“青岛地区藜麦种植推广与新品种培育”(22-1-3-3-zyyd-nsh)

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Quinoa

WANG Jinxiu¹(), LIU Jiabin¹, LIN Qi², LIU Yiguo¹, ZHOU Yuan³, DUAN Wenping¹, GENG Xinghua¹, LI Lingyan¹, SHI Changhai¹()

¹ College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao Shandong 266109
² Qingdao Limaixiang Agricultural Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao Shandong 266109
³ Chuxin (Dongying) Modern Agriculture Co., Ltd., Dongying Shandong 257300

Received:2024-12-24 Revised:2025-03-19 Online:2025-07-20 Published:2025-07-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本试验旨在探究藜麦在胶东半岛地区的适应性，并确定其适宜的播种时期。为此，针对‘青藜1号’设置了7个播期，对其农艺性状、产量和品质性状展开评价。结果显示，7个播期处理的藜麦株高为163.50~172.08 cm，茎粗为19.59~26.07 mm，有效分枝率为39.81%~55.91%，主穗长为46.08~54.75 cm，且上述指标均随着播期的推迟显著降低；籽粒产量、千粒重和籽粒直径均随播期的推迟显著降低，其中，产量最高达4432.56 kg/hm²，千粒重最高为2.94 g；早播处理（3月12日）的籽粒粗蛋白为14.44%、粗脂肪为7.27%、淀粉含量为63.62%，均显著高于晚播。本研究表明，在胶东半岛低海拔温暖湿润气候条件下，适当早播（3月中旬）能实现藜麦的高产优质。

关键词: 藜麦, 沿海地区, 播种时期, 农艺性状, 产量, 品质性状

Abstract:

In order to investigate the adaptability of quinoa in Jiaodong Peninsula and determine the suitable sowing period, 7 sowing periods were set for 'Qingli No. 1' in this experiment, and agronomic traits, yield and quality traits were evaluated. The results showed as follows. The plant height of quinoa treated in 7 sowing dates ranged from 163.50 to 172.08 cm, stem diameter from 19.59 mm to 26.07 mm, effective branching rate ranged from 39.81% to 55.91%, main spike length ranged from 46.08 cm to 54.75 cm, and the above indexes decreased significantly with the delay of sowing dates. The grain yield, 1000-grain weight and grain diameter decreased significantly with the delay of sowing date. The highest yield was 4432.56 kg/hm², and the highest 1000-grain weight was 2.94 g. In early sowing (March 12), the crude protein, crude fat and starch contents were 14.44%, 7.27% and 63.62%, which were significantly higher than those of late sowing. The results showed that the high yield and high quality of quinoa could be achieved by proper early sowing (mid-March) under the warm and humid climate at low altitude in Jiaodong Peninsula.

Key words: quinoa, coastal areas, sowing date, agronomic traits, yield, quality character

王金秀, 刘家斌, 林琪, 刘义国, 周圆, 段文萍, 耿兴华, 李玲燕, 师长海. 播期对藜麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(7): 1-7.

WANG Jinxiu, LIU Jiabin, LIN Qi, LIU Yiguo, ZHOU Yuan, DUAN Wenping, GENG Xinghua, LI Lingyan, SHI Changhai. Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Quinoa[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(7): 1-7.

图/表 7

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播期	分枝数/个	有效分枝率/%	有效穗数/个
S₁	20.67±0.14 a	54.81±5.36 a	11.33±1.18 a
S₂	18.83±1.44 b	55.91±3.08 a	10.50±0.25 ab
S₃	18.83±1.01 b	50.24±6.10 ab	9.50±1.64 bc
S₄	17.75±0.50 b	45.48±3.08 bc	8.08±0.76 cd
S₅	17.67±0.58 b	41.94±2.38 c	7.42±0.63 d
S₆	17.58±0.38 b	41.68±2.21 c	7.33±0.52 d
S₇	17.58±0.52 b	39.81±0.98 c	7.00±0.25 d

播期	分枝数/个	有效分枝率/%	有效穗数/个
S₁	20.67±0.14 a	54.81±5.36 a	11.33±1.18 a
S₂	18.83±1.44 b	55.91±3.08 a	10.50±0.25 ab
S₃	18.83±1.01 b	50.24±6.10 ab	9.50±1.64 bc
S₄	17.75±0.50 b	45.48±3.08 bc	8.08±0.76 cd
S₅	17.67±0.58 b	41.94±2.38 c	7.42±0.63 d
S₆	17.58±0.38 b	41.68±2.21 c	7.33±0.52 d
S₇	17.58±0.52 b	39.81±0.98 c	7.00±0.25 d

播期	总淀粉含量/%	直链淀粉含量/%	支链淀粉含量/%
S₁	63.62±1.96 a	28.68±0.51 a	34.94±2.47 a
S₂	61.40±1.41 ab	26.94±0.80 ab	34.46±0.66 a
S₃	60.12±3.89 ab	26.07±3.48 ab	34.05±7.26 a
S₄	58.05±3.01 bc	24.75±1.85 b	33.30±4.44 a
S₅	54.56±2.08 cd	23.48±0.88 b	31.08±2.88 a
S₆	51.92±1.61 d	18.33±2.24 c	33.59±1.13 a
S₇	50.20±2.53 d	18.00±1.33 c	32.20±1.49 a

播期	总淀粉含量/%	直链淀粉含量/%	支链淀粉含量/%
S₁	63.62±1.96 a	28.68±0.51 a	34.94±2.47 a
S₂	61.40±1.41 ab	26.94±0.80 ab	34.46±0.66 a
S₃	60.12±3.89 ab	26.07±3.48 ab	34.05±7.26 a
S₄	58.05±3.01 bc	24.75±1.85 b	33.30±4.44 a
S₅	54.56±2.08 cd	23.48±0.88 b	31.08±2.88 a
S₆	51.92±1.61 d	18.33±2.24 c	33.59±1.13 a
S₇	50.20±2.53 d	18.00±1.33 c	32.20±1.49 a

播期对藜麦农艺性状、产量和品质的影响

Effects of Sowing Date on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Quality of Quinoa

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