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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (8): 23-29.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0245

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮肥运筹对‘超优千号’产量和产量构成因素的影响

张君莉1,2(), 王瑶1,2, 夏琼梅1, 朱海平1, 龙瑞平1, 李贵勇1, 邓安凤1, 杜晨晴1, 杨从党1()   

  1. 1 云南省农业科学院粮食作物研究所/云南种子种业实验室,昆明 650205
    2 云南大学资源植物研究院,昆明 650504
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-02 修回日期:2024-04-08 出版日期:2025-08-20 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者:
    杨从党,男,1972年出生,云南通海人,研究员,研究生导师,博士,主要从事水稻栽培与生理研究。通信地址:650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    张君莉,女,1996年出生,云南楚雄人,硕士研究生,主要从事水稻栽培研究。通信地址:650205 云南省昆明市盘龙区北京路2238号,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    农业种业成果集成创新与转化示范(202305AR340003); 云南省财政部门预算项目重大专项(530000210000000013809)

Effect of Nitrogen Fertilizer Operation on Yield and Yield Components of ‘Chaoyou 1000’

ZHANG Junli1,2(), WANG Yao1,2, XIA Qiongmei1, ZHU Haiping1, LONG Ruiping1, LI Guiyong1, DENG Anfeng1, DU CHenqing1, YANG Congdang1()   

  1. 1 Institute of Grain Crops, Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Yunnan Seed Laboratory, Kunming 650205
    2 Institute of Plant Resources, Yunnan University, Kunming 650504
  • Received:2023-11-02 Revised:2024-04-08 Online:2025-08-20 Published:2025-08-18

摘要: 本研究旨在探究氮肥运筹对‘超优千号’产量及其构成因素的影响,并明确水稻高产的氮肥运筹比例及增产机理。以超级杂交稻‘超优千号’为材料,通过设置8种氮肥运筹处理,分别为N0(不施肥),N1(7:3),N2(6:4),N3(5:5),N4(4:6),N5(3:7),N6(2:8),N7(0:10),以N3为对照,研究了氮肥运筹对水稻产量及产量构成因素、叶面积指数、干物质等方面的影响。结果表明,氮肥后移提高了有效穗数、穗粒数、氮肥农学效率,但对千粒重、结实率的影响较小。当氮肥运筹处理为N6时,产量和氮肥农学效率最高,齐穗期叶面积指数达到最大值。有效分蘖临界叶龄期、拔节期、齐穗期随着氮肥后移量的增加,叶面积指数呈现先增大后减小再增大的趋势。齐穗期到成熟期的干物质积累量,群体生长率随着氮肥后移的增加而呈现先上升后下降的趋势,收获指数则随着氮肥后移的增加逐渐上升。在施氮总量(纯氮)为420 kg/hm2,基本苗28.95×104株/hm2,移栽密度11.5 cm×30 cm时,氮肥运筹比例为基蘖肥:穗肥=2:8,最有利于高产。

关键词: 水稻, 超级杂交稻, 氮肥, 氮肥运筹, 产量, 产量构成因素, 高产, 叶面积指数, 干物质

Abstract:

The aim is to explore the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on the yield and its constituent factors of ‘Chaoyou 1000’, and clarify the proportion of nitrogen fertilizer management and the yield increase mechanism of rice with high yield. Eight kinds of nitrogen fertilizer management treatments, including N0 (no fertilization), N1 (7:3), N2 (6:4), N3 (5:5), N4 (4:6), N5 (3:7), N6 (2:8) and N7(0:10), were used to study the effects of nitrogen fertilizer management on rice yield and yield components, leaf area index and dry matter with N3 as the control. The results showed that the backward movement of nitrogen fertilizer increased the effective spike number, grain number per spike and nitrogen fertilizer agronomic efficiency, but had little effect on 1000-grain weight and seed setting rate. Under N6, the yield and nitrogen agronomic efficiency were the highest, and the leaf area index reached the maximum value at the full heading stage. With the increase of nitrogen fertilizer backward migration at the critical leaf age, jointing stage and full heading stage of effective tillering, the leaf area index first increased, then decreased and then increased. The dry matter accumulation from full heading stage to maturity stage, the population growth rate increased first and then decreased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer backward migration, and the harvest index gradually increased with the increase of nitrogen fertilizer backward migration. When the total amount of nitrogen application (pure nitrogen) was 420 kg/hm2, the basic seedling was 28.95×104/hm2, and the transplanting density was 11.5 cm×30 cm, the ratio of nitrogen fertilizer was basal tiller: panicle fertilizer = 2:8, which was the most conducive to high yield.

Key words: rice, super hybrid rice, nitrogen fertilizer, nitrogen fertilizer operation, yield, yield components, high yield, leaf area index, dry matter