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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (10): 1-9.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0083

• 土壤肥料资源环境生态 •    下一篇

不同氮磷配施对榆阳区青贮玉米农艺性状与品质的影响

李明艳1(), 史雷1(), 徐伟洲1,2, 韩侠1,2, 乔雨1,2, 卜耀军1,2   

  1. 1 陕西省榆林学院现代农学院， 陕西榆林 719000
    2 陕西省榆林学院陕西省黄土高原饲用植物工程技术研究中心， 陕西榆林 719000
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-03 修回日期:2025-06-05 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者:
    史雷，女，1985年出生，陕西蓝田人，高级实验师，硕士，研究方向：人工饲草栽培管理。通信地址：719000 陕西省榆林市榆阳区崇文路51号，榆林学院，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    李明艳，女，1990年出生，陕西榆林人，硕士，研究方向：人工饲草栽培管理。通信地址：719100 陕西省榆林市横山区西南新区华腾首府茗之言，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省重点研发计划一般项目——农业农村领域“青贮玉米良种选育及配套技术集成与示范”(2024NC-YBXM-084); 陕西省科技资源开放共享平台项目“陕北饲草全产业链综合性检验检测平台”(2024CX-GXPT-31)

Effects of Different Nitrogen and Phosphorus Application on Agronomic Characteristics and Quality of Silage Corn in Yuyang District

LI Mingyan1(), SHI Lei1(), XU Weizhou1,2, HAN Xia1,2, QIAO Yu1,2, BU Yaojun1,2   

  1. 1 College of Modern Agriculture, Yulin University, Shaanxi Province, Yulin Shaanxi 719000
    2 Engineering Research Center for Forage Plants on Loess Plateau, Yulin University, Shaanxi Province, Yulin Shaanxi 719000
  • Received:2025-04-03 Revised:2025-06-05 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-17

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摘要：

为探究不同氮磷配施对榆阳区青贮玉米农艺性状与品质的影响，本试验以‘大京九23’青贮玉米为研究对象，采用二裂区组设计。施氮肥设4个水平（N90，N180，N270和N360），分别为90、180、270、360 kg/hm2；施磷肥设2个水平(P90，P180)，分别为90、180 kg/hm2；另设不施氮肥、磷肥的空白CK为对照，研究氮磷配施对青贮玉米的各生育期农艺性状、产量及品质的影响。结果表明：低磷处理下(P 90 kg/hm2)，氮肥增产效应更显著；N270P90处理在拔节期综合表现最佳，抽雄期后N360P90株高优势突出，高磷(P 180 kg/hm2)会抑制茎秆增粗(P<0.05)。N360P90处理的鲜草产量和干草产量最高，较CK分别提高37.8%和39.4%，氮肥对鲜、干物质积累起关键作用；N270P90和N360P90处理粗蛋白含量最高(P<0.05)，较CK分别提高7.52%和7.49%，N180P90处理的NDF和ADF的含量最低，分别为44.31%、23.37%，显著提升饲用品质。综合分析可得，N360P90为最适氮磷配施组合。

关键词: 氮磷配施, 青贮玉米, 农艺性状, 产量品质, 相关分析

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the agronomic traits and quality of silage corn in Yuyang District, this experiment used ‘Dajingjiu 23’ silage corn as the research subject and adopted a split-plot design. Nitrogen fertilizer was applied at four levels: 90, 180, 270 and 360 kg/hm2; phosphorus fertilizer was applied at two levels: 90 and 180 kg/hm2; a blank control (CK) without nitrogen or phosphorus fertilizer was also set up as a reference; the effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilization on the agronomic traits, yield and quality of silage corn during various growth stages were investigated. The results showed that under low phosphorus treatment (P 90 kg/hm2), the yield-increasing effect of nitrogen fertilizer was more significant; N270P90 treatment performed best during the jointing stage, with N360P90 plants showing a prominent height advantage after tasseling; excessive phosphorus (P 180 kg/hm2) inhibited stem thickening (P<0.05). The fresh grass yield and dry hay yield were the highest under N360P90 treatment, increasing by 37.8% and 39.4%, respectively, compared to CK; nitrogen fertilizer played a crucial role in the accumulation of fresh and dry matter; N270P90 and N360P90 treatments had the highest crude protein content (P<0.05), increasing by 7.52% and 7.49%, respectively, compared to CK; N180P90 treatment had the lowest NDF and ADF content, at 44.31% and 23.37%, respectively, significantly improving feed quality. The comprehensive analysis showed that N360P90 was the optimal combination of nitrogen and phosphorus.

Key words: nitrogen and phosphorus combined application, silage corn, agronomic traits, yield quality, correlation analysis