水稻氮利用效率相关功能基因研究现状

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0104

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究探讨水稻氮利用效率(NUE)的遗传基础和相关功能基因，指出氮肥的过度使用和总结阐述相关基因。将NUE性状分为生理性状（如氮吸收）和农艺性状（如分蘖数）两个方面来阐述对氮素吸收有利的重要基因。在生理性状方面，分别总结了影响水稻NH₄⁺吸收和NO₃^-吸收的相关基因。水稻对NH₄⁺的吸收主要受AMT超家族蛋白控制，而对NO₃^-转运的蛋白主要分为两大类：NRT1和NRT2，例如：OsAMT1.1和OsNRT1.1B等基因的过表达可以增加水稻对氮的吸收。在农艺性状方面，GRF4和NGR5等转录因子通过调控氮代谢基因表达，促进分蘖和籽粒生长，从而提高氮利用效率。这些发现为水稻育种提供了新的基因资源，有望培育出高氮利用效率、环境友好的新品种。

关键词: 水稻, 氮利用效率(NUE), 遗传基础, 基因, 功能基因, AMT超家族蛋白, NRT1/NRT2, 生理性状, 农艺性状

Abstract:

This study explores the genetic basis and related functional genes of rice nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), highlighting the overuse of nitrogen fertilizers and summarizing the pertinent genes. NUE traits are divided into physiological traits (such as nitrogen uptake) and agronomic traits (such as tiller number) to elucidate key genes beneficial for nitrogen absorption. In physiological traits, genes affecting the absorption of NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- in rice are summarized. The absorption of NH₄⁺ in rice is primarily controlled by the AMT superfamily of proteins, whereas the proteins involved in NO₃^- transport mainly fall into two categories: NRT1 and NRT2, such as overexpression of genes like OsAMT1.1 and OsNRT1.1B can increase rice's nitrogen uptake. In agronomic traits, transcription factors such as GRF4 and NGR5 regulate the expression of nitrogen metabolism genes, promoting tiller development and grain growth, thus enhancing nitrogen use efficiency. These findings provide new genetic resources for rice breeding, promising the development of high NUE and environmentally friendly new varieties.

Key words: rice, nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), genetic basis, genes, functional genes, AMT superfamily proteins, NRT1/NRT2, physiological character, agronomic character

张虎, 吴月娥, 段海燕. 水稻氮利用效率相关功能基因研究现状[J]. 农学学报, 2025, 15(8): 6-12.

ZHANG Hu, WU Yue’e, DUAN Haiyan. Research Status of Functional Genes Related to Nitrogen Use Efficiency in Rice[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2025, 15(8): 6-12.

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