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农学学报 ›› 2017, Vol. 7 ›› Issue (6): 56-62.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17010019

所属专题: 生物技术 园艺 农业生态

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同品种苹果对苹果霉心病的抗性差异及生理生化机制研究

李庆亮,李 捷,李夏鸣,胡增丽,赵龙龙,张未仲,聂磊云,李小平   

  1. 山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室,山西省农业科学院果树研究所/果树种质创制和利用山西省重点实验室
  • 收稿日期:2017-01-17 修回日期:2017-03-07 接受日期:2017-03-25 出版日期:2017-06-28 发布日期:2017-06-28
  • 通讯作者: 李 捷 E-mail:4ob03a
  • 基金资助:
    山西省科技重点研发(指南)项目“苹果标准化关键技术开发——苹果病虫害综合防控技术研究”(2015-TN-03-08);山西省农业科学院博士 基金项目“苹果霉心病主要致病菌致病机理的研究”(YBSJJ1307)。

Resistance of Different Apple Varieties against Apple Moldy Core and Its Physiological and Biochemical Mechanism

  • Received:2017-01-17 Revised:2017-03-07 Accepted:2017-03-25 Online:2017-06-28 Published:2017-06-28

摘要: 为明确苹果不同品种对苹果霉心病的抗性差异以及不同防御酶在苹果防御霉心病过程中的作用。本研究通过田间调查研究不同苹果品种的霉心病发病率,同时室内创伤接种的测定了不同苹果品种接种霉心病两种致病菌链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)和粉红单端孢菌(Trichothecium roseum)后的发病面积以及果实防御酶活性的变化。结果表明:田间自然条件下不同苹果品种霉心病发病率不同,顺序为嘎啦、不套袋的金冠<套袋金冠<套袋富士<不套袋红星。套袋后金冠苹果的萼筒开张率升高,霉心病的发病率与苹果萼筒开张率呈显著正相关。室内接种链格孢菌后嘎啦的发病面积最小,红星次之,金冠再次,而红富士最为感病,发病面积最大;接种粉红单端孢菌后金冠最为抗病,发病面积最小,嘎啦和红星次之,而红富士发病面积最大。接种链格孢菌后不同品种的罹病组织中,嘎啦的过氧化物酶(peroxidase,POD)活性最高,其次为金冠,然后为红星,最低的是红富士。接种粉红单端孢菌后,不同品种的病健交界部的POD活性嘎啦>金冠>红富士和红星。不同苹果品种接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后果实不同部位多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase , PPO)活性相对于各自对照均明显升高,但是不同品种增加幅度的顺序为嘎啦>金冠>红星>红富士。嘎啦、金冠以及红星苹果接种粉红单端孢菌和链格孢菌后过氧化氢酶(catalase,SCAT)活性相对与对照显著降低,而红富士果实接种两种致病菌后CAT活性升高。上述结果表明,苹果霉心病的发病率与萼筒开张率呈显著正相关,套袋会导致果实萼筒开张率增大。嘎啦苹果对链格孢菌抗性最强,金冠对粉红单端孢均抗性最强,红富士苹果对两种病原菌的均表现为最感病。POD、 PPO以及CAT在苹果防御霉心病过程中起着重要的作用。

关键词: 甜瓜叶斑病, 甜瓜叶斑病, 病原鉴定, 生物学特性, 药剂, 筛选

Abstract: To estimate resistance of different apple varieties against apple moldy core and role of defense enzymes in apple against moldy core. In this study, the incidence of moldy core of different apple cultivars was investigated in field. The incidence area and changes of defense enzymes activities were of different apple cultivars after inoculation with A. alternata and T. roseum were studied. In field, the moldy core incidence of different apple varieties was variety, the order is ‘Gala’, non-bagged ‘Golden Delicious’ ‘Golden Delicious’> Red ‘Fuji’ and ‘Starking’. The activity of polyphenol oxidase (PPO) of different apple cultivars was significantly increased after inoculation with T. roseum and A. alternata. The order of increase of different cultivars was ‘Gala’> ‘Golden Delicious’> ‘Starking’> Red ‘Fuji’. The CAT activity of ‘Gala’, ‘Golden Delicious’ and ‘Starking’ apple fruits was significantly inhibited after inoculation with T. roseum and A. alternata, while CAT activity of Red ‘Fuji’ fruits was increased after inoculation with both pathogens. The above results show that, there was a significant positive correlation between the incidence of apple moldy core and the opening rate of calyx tube. Bagging could lead to an increase in the opening rate of fruit calyx tube. ‘Gala’ apple had the strongest resistance to A. alternata, while ‘Golden Delicious’ had the strongest resistance to T. roseum. Red ‘Fuji’ apple was the most susceptible to both pathogens. POD, PPO and CAT play an important role in the process of apple defense the moldy core.

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