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农学学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 12 ›› Issue (7): 64-68.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0197

所属专题: 生物技术 玉米

• 农业工程/农业机械/生物技术/食品科学 • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米籽粒脱水及机收籽粒研究进展

刘兴舟1(), 李猛1, 张建1, 陈瑞佶1, 付华1, 马桂美1, 周言虎1, 庄小林2   

  1. 1宿州市农业科学院,安徽宿州 234000
    2泗县农业农村局,安徽宿州 234000
  • 收稿日期:2020-09-04 修回日期:2021-02-05 出版日期:2022-07-20 发布日期:2022-09-20
  • 作者简介:刘兴舟,男,1986年出生,山东临沂人,副研究员,硕士,主要从事玉米育种栽培和病虫害防治研究。通信地址:234000 安徽省宿州市埇桥区浍水东路551号 宿州市农业科学院,Tel:0557-3915418,E-mail: lxz8610@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家玉米产业技术体系宿州综合试验站“玉米新品种筛选”(CARS-02-51)

The Dehydration and Mechanical-harvesting of Maize Grain: Research Progress

LIU Xingzhou1(), LI Meng1, ZHANG Jian1, CHEN Ruiji1, FU Hua1, MA Guimei1, ZHOU Yanhu1, ZHUAG Xiaolin2   

  1. 1Suzhou Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Science, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
    2Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs of Sixian, Suzhou 234000, Anhui, China
  • Received:2020-09-04 Revised:2021-02-05 Online:2022-07-20 Published:2022-09-20

摘要:

为了探明玉米籽粒机收质量的关键因素,解决收获期籽粒含水率偏高的问题,总结与分析了国内外玉米籽粒脱水相关研究,笔者提出未来玉米籽粒机收推广过程中,选用适宜籽粒机械化直收优良品种,不断改进种植模式、优化养分和水分施用方式,研发高效促脱水化学调控产品等关键栽培技术途径,是推动中国玉米籽粒机收的重要途径。笔者结合玉米生产实际,提出了加快籽粒机收推广的建议:加快早熟、籽粒脱水快、适宜机收品种的选育;明确各生态区域影响籽粒脱水动态的因素和机制;综合运用粒收品种选育、品种熟期配置、延迟收获期、栽培技术配套。同时,应加强农艺措施相配套的轻简化农机装备的有效研制,农艺农机有机融合,推动玉米籽粒机收技术应用,提升玉米产业整体竞争力。

关键词: 玉米, 籽粒脱水, 籽粒机收, 破碎率, 脱水率

Abstract:

To find out the key factors affecting the mechanical-harvesting quality of maize grain, and solve the problem of high moisture content of grain in harvesting period, the research on maize grain dehydration was summarized. It is suggested that in the process of mechanical-harvesting of maize grain, the key cultivation techniques should be breeding excellent varieties suitable for direct mechanical-harvesting, improving planting patterns, optimizing nutrient and water application methods, and developing efficient chemical control products to promote dehydration. Combining with maize production practice, suggestions are put forward to speed up the popularization of mechanical-harvesting of maize grains, such as speeding up the breeding of varieties of early maturity, fast dehydration and suitable for mechanical-harvesting; clarifying the factors and mechanisms that influence the dynamic state of mechanical-harvesting of grains in each ecological region; comprehensively using variety breeding, variety maturity stage configuration, delayed harvesting period and matching cultivation techniques. At the same time, it is necessary to develop light-simplified agricultural machinery equipment matching with agronomic measures, so as to enhance the application of mechanical-harvesting technology of maize grain and the overall competitiveness of maize industry.

Key words: maize, grain dehydration, grain mechanical-harvesting, broken rate, dehydration rate

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