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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 13 ›› Issue (12): 68-74.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0025

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

移栽期对甘肃中部党参生长发育及产量的影响

雷俊1,2(), 齐月1, 赵福年1(), 焦润安3, 姚玉璧4, 罗娟5, 郭林2   

  1. 1 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所/甘肃省干旱气候变化与减灾重点实验室/中国气象局干旱气候变化与减灾重点开放实验室，兰州 730020
    2 甘肃省定西市气象局，甘肃定西 743000
    3 通渭县气象局，甘肃通渭 743300
    4 兰州资源环境职业技术大学，兰州 730021
    5 定西市安定区疾病预防控制中心，甘肃定西 743000
  • 收稿日期:2023-01-30 修回日期:2023-08-10 出版日期:2023-12-20 发布日期:2023-12-19
  • 通讯作者:
    赵福年，男，1987年出生，甘肃武威人，副研究员，博士研究生，主要从事农业干旱致灾过程研究。通信地址：730020 甘肃省兰州市城关区东岗东路2070号，Tel：0931-4672271，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    雷俊，男，1985年出生，甘肃通渭人，高级工程师，硕士研究生，主要从事农业气象试验研究。通信地址：743000 甘肃省定西市安定区气象新村50号，Tel：0932-8223247，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    甘肃省科技计划“半干旱雨养农业区马铃薯农田干旱解除的调控机制研究”(23JRRJ0005); 甘肃省科技计划“西北温凉半湿润区当归干旱致灾过程及其机理研究”(21JR7RA773); 甘肃省高等学校创新基金项目“气候生态因子对定西优势中药材关键指标的影响及其增效机制研究”(2021A-248); 中国气象局兰州干旱气象研究所科研创新项目“土壤-植被-大气相互作用研究”(GHSCXTD-03); 甘肃省气象局科研项目“旱地马铃薯不同覆膜土壤水热效应及其对产量影响研究”(MsCg2023-16)

Effects of Transplanting Periods on Growth, Development and Yield of Codonopsis pilosula in Central Gansu

LEI Jun1,2(), QI Yue1, ZHAO Funian1(), JIAO Run’an3, YAO Yubi4, LUO Juan5, GUO Lin2   

  1. 1 Lanzhou Institute of Arid Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration(CMA)/ Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Disaster Reduction of Gansu Province/ Key Laboratory of Arid Climate Change and Disaster Reduction of CMA, Lanzhou 730020, Gansu, China
    2 Dingxi Meteorological Bureau, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China
    3 Tongwei Meteorological Bureau, Tongwei 743300, Gansu, China
    4 Lanzhou Resources & Environment Voc-Tech University, Lanzhou 730021, Gansu, China
    5 Anding District Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Dingxi, Dingxi 743000, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-01-30 Revised:2023-08-10 Online:2023-12-20 Published:2023-12-19

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摘要：

探究移栽期对黄土高原半干旱区党参生长发育和产量的影响，以期为区域党参高产栽培提供理论依据。于2020年在甘肃省定西市进行党参分期移栽试验，设置3个移栽期，以传统移栽期为对照（CK，4月1日移栽），设置较传统移栽期推迟5 d（T1，4月6日移栽）和10 d（T2，4月11日移栽）处理，并对不同移栽期党参生长发育、生物量积累特征和产量进行分析。结果表明，不同处理分枝期出现时间差异最大，T2较CK、T1分别推迟5、2 d，移栽期推迟，生长期缩短，参根进入快速生长的时间提前，起始生长势(C0)增大，T2较CK、T1分别提高24.72%和6.65%；生长渐增期持续时间随移栽期的推迟而缩短，快增期持续时间差别不大；T1处理参根平均生长速率(Va)较CK、T2分别提高3.73%、2.45%，快增期干物质积累量和生长速率均最高；地上生物量最大生长速率(MGR)表现为T2>T1>CK，T2较CK、T1分别提高17.29%、10.46%，C0和Va均最大，T2处理C0较CK、T1分别提高7.74%、10.32%，Va增幅分别为19.67%、12.30%；移栽期推迟，地上部不同生长期生长持续时间缩短，干物质积累量和积累速率增大，产量增加，CK、T1、T2处理产量分别为257.67、306.68、524.90 g/m2，T2较CK、T1分别增加104%、72%。研究结果可为黄土高原半干旱区党参优质栽培，提高气候资源利用率提供参考。

关键词: 党参, 移栽期, 生长发育, 干物质积累, 产量

Abstract:

The paper aims to explore the effects of transplanting period on the growth, development and yield of Codonopsis pilosula in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau, so as to provide theoretical basis for high-yield cultivation of C. pilosula. In 2020, the stages transplanting experiment of C. pilosula was carried out in Dingxi City, Gansu Province. The three transplanting periods were designed, with the traditional transplanting period as the control (CK, transplanting on April 1), and delay the traditional transplanting period by 5 days (T1, transplanting on April 6) and 10 days (T2, transplanting on April 11). The characteristics of growth and development, biomass accumulation and yield of C. pilosula at different transplanting periods were analyzed. The results showed that the difference of emergence time of branching stage in different treatments was the largest, and T2 treatment was delayed by 5 days and 2 days compared with CK and T1 respectively. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth period was shortened, and the rapid growth period of root was advanced. The initial growth potential (C0) was increased, and T2 treatment was 24.72% and 6.65% higher than CK and T1. The duration of gradual growth period was significantly shortened with the delay of transplanting period, and the duration of rapid growth period had little difference between different treatments. The average root growth rate (Va) of T1 treatment was 3.73% and 2.45% higher than CK and T2. The accumulation of dry matter and its growth rate in rapid growth period were the highest. The maximum growth rate (MGR) of aboveground biomass showed that T2> T1> CK, T2 increased by 17.29% and 10.46%, compared with CK and T1. C0 and Va were the largest, C0 in T2 treatment increased by 7.74% and 10.32% compared with CK and T1 respectively, and Va increased by 19.67% and 12.30%. The transplanting period was delayed, the growth duration of different growth period of aboveground biomass was shortened, and the dry matter accumulation amount and its accumulation rate were increased accordingly, and the yield of C. pilosula was increased, the yields of C. pilosula in CK, T1 and T2 were 257.67, 306.68 and 524.90 g/m2 respectively. The yield of T2 was 104% and 72% higher than CK and T1 respectively. The results can provide reference for high-quality cultivation of C. pilosula and improving the utilization rate of climate resources in the semi-arid area of the Loess Plateau.

Key words: Codonopsis pilosula, transplanting period, growth and development, dry matter accumulation, yield