不同生物炭种类和施用率对水稻生长特性的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2025-0010

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为明确生物炭种类及施用率对水稻生长的影响机制并优化其田间应用，本研究以稻壳、咖啡渣、花生壳、大豆秸秆4种废弃物制备的生物炭为材料，设置0%~5.0%梯度施用率，分析其对水稻(Oryza sativa L.)生长发育的作用。结果表明：生物炭能明显促进水稻生长，总干重生物炭处理组较对照组平均提升70.3%，其中稻壳生物炭和咖啡渣生物炭在施用率为5.0%时产量最高。生物炭对水稻植株不同器官影响差异显著：叶质量分数普遍增加，茎和根质量分数相对稳定，而根干物质含量显著提升（如稻壳生物炭处理组增幅达7.8%）；此外，所有生物炭均提高了单位面积叶片质量，表明其可能通过增强光合作用效率促进增产。研究表明，生物炭对水稻的促生效应受种类与施用率双重调控，需结合作物需求与土壤条件优化施用方案，以充分挖掘其在绿色农业中的可持续应用潜力。

关键词: 生物炭, 施用率, 水稻, 生长, 可持续发展

Abstract:

To clarify the influence mechanism of biochar types and application rates on rice growth and optimize its field application, this study used four distinct biochar (rice hulls, coffee residue, peanut hulls and soybean straw) as materials, and set 0%-5.0% gradient application rate to analyze its effect on the growth and development of rice (Oryza sativa L. ). The findings demonstrated that biochar significantly promoted rice growth. However, the optimal biochar type and biochar application rate were found to vary. In comparison with the control group, the total dry weight of the biochar treatment group exhibited an average increase of 70.3%, with rice husk biochar and coffee grounds biochar demonstrating the highest increases at an application rate of 5.0%. The impact of biochar on the various growth components of rice plants exhibited variability. The leaf mass fraction generally increased, while the stem and root mass fractions were relatively stable, and the root dry matter content was significantly increased ( e.g., the rice husk biochar treatment group increased by 7.8 % ). In addition, all biochar increased leaf mass per unit area, indicating that they may promote yield increase by enhancing photosynthetic efficiency. Studies have shown that the growth-promoting effect of biochar on rice is regulated by both species and application rate. It is necessary to optimize the application scheme in combination with crop demand and soil conditions to fully tap its sustainable application potential in green agriculture.

Key words: biochar, application rate, rice, growth, sustainable development

孙露宏, 黄姝涵, 艾琳, 刘旭. 不同生物炭种类和施用率对水稻生长特性的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2026, 16(3): 1-9.

SUN Luhong, HUANG Shuhan, AI Lin, LIU Xu. Effect of Different Biochar Species and Application Rates on Growth Characteristics of Rice[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2026, 16(3): 1-9.

图/表 9

参考文献 31

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	生物炭种类	施用率	生物炭种类×施用率	对照组与处理组
根干重	<0.0001^***	0.035	0.0315	<0.0001^***
茎干重	0.0527	0.0001^***	0.0012^**	0.0018^**
叶干重	0.0112^**	<0.0001^***	0.0016^**	0.0015^**
总干重	0.0028^**	<0.0001^***	0.0017^**	0.0001^***

	生物炭种类	施用率	生物炭种类×施用率	对照组与处理组
根干重	<0.0001^***	0.035	0.0315	<0.0001^***
茎干重	0.0527	0.0001^***	0.0012^**	0.0018^**
叶干重	0.0112^**	<0.0001^***	0.0016^**	0.0015^**
总干重	0.0028^**	<0.0001^***	0.0017^**	0.0001^***

	生物炭种类	施用率	生物炭种类×施用率	对照组与处理组
根质量分数	0.2401 ns	0.0055^**	0.0051^**	0.7542 ns
茎质量分数	0.5226 ns	0.0706 ns	0.0080^*	0.1443 ns
叶质量分数	0.0007^**	0.0485^*	0.0279^**	<0.0001^***

	生物炭种类	施用率	生物炭种类×施用率	对照组与处理组
根质量分数	0.2401 ns	0.0055^**	0.0051^**	0.7542 ns
茎质量分数	0.5226 ns	0.0706 ns	0.0080^*	0.1443 ns
叶质量分数	0.0007^**	0.0485^*	0.0279^**	<0.0001^***

	生物炭种类	施用率	生物炭种类×施用率	对照组与处理组
根干物质含量	0.0241	0.0455	0.0016^**	0.0003^*
茎干物质含量	0.1235 ns	0.001^**	<0.0001^***	0.4275 ns
叶干物质含量	0.0331	0.2676 ns	0.5924 ns	<0.0001^***
单位面积叶片质量	0.2117 ns	0.5123 ns	0.8759 ns	<0.0001^***