Effects of Mulching Materials on Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield and Quality of Watermelon

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0154

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to select suitable mulching materials for watermelon cultivation, four different materials (white film, mushroom residue, liquid film and black grass control non-woven fabric) were selected for mulching cultivation, and their effects on nitrogen metabolism, yield and quality of watermelon were comprehensively compared. The results showed that: (1) among all the treatments, the mulching effect of black grass control non-woven fabric was the best, the fruit yield, and the content of soluble solid and Vc were significantly higher than those of other treatments; the contents of total nitrogen and soluble protein in leaves were significantly or extremely significantly higher than those of other treatments, so were the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS) and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH); (2) the correlation analysis showed that the yield of watermelon under different mulching treatments was significantly and positively correlated with total nitrogen content and extremely significantly and positively correlated with NR activity; there was a significantly positive correlation between total nitrogen content and NR activity, and an extremely significantly positive correlation between total nitrogen content and GS and GDH activities. The results showed that the black grass control non-woven fabric could be used as a suitable mulching material for watermelon cultivation.

Key words: watermelon, mulching materials, nitrogen metabolism, yield, quality

CLC Number:

S651

ZHANG Xiaohong, PENG Qiong, YAN Zheng. Effects of Mulching Materials on Nitrogen Metabolism, Yield and Quality of Watermelon[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(10): 25-29.

Figures/Tables 7

References 38

[1]	张飞. 灌水与覆膜对冀西北高原礼品西瓜产量及品质的影响[D]. 保定: 河北农业大学, 2011.
[2]	李增援. 地膜覆盖对西瓜产量的影响试验[J]. 岳阳职业技术学院学报, 2006, 21(2):54-55.
[3]	林江武. 夏季西瓜丰产栽培技术[J]. 现代农业科技, 2010(16):148-149.
[4]	黄群. 大棚小型西瓜夏秋季栽培技术探索[J]. 上海农业科技, 2003(4):82.
[5]	陈和杰. 不同地膜覆盖下灌水量对大棚西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2017.
[6]	赵莹, 苏生平, 薛瑞祥, 等. 不同地膜在西瓜上的降解效果试验初报[J]. 上海蔬菜, 2020(6):70-72.
[7]	王亭亭, 李梅, 江伟, 等. 聚乳酸地膜在大棚西瓜种植中的应用研究[J]. 农业资源与环境学报, 2017, 34(6):536-542.
[8]	陶凯, 杨小锋, 曹明, 等. 生物降解地膜对热区土壤温湿度和西瓜生长的影响[J]. 安徽农业科学, 2018, 46(28):73-75.
[9]	李婷, 曾剑波, 朱莉, 等. 可降解膜覆盖对小型西瓜产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2016(4):64-66.
[10]	邵伟强, 马骥驯, 冯玉飞, 等. 全生物降解膜在西瓜生产上的应用试验初报[J]. 浙江农业科学, 2016, 57(10):1725-1727.
[11]	康恩祥, 何宝林, 刘晓伟, 等. 不同粒径砂砾石覆盖对砂田西瓜土壤微生物和酶活性的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2011(24):52-54.
[12]	吴宏亮, 许强, 陈阜, 等. 不同覆盖措施对旱区农田土壤酶活性及西瓜产量的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2014(3):173-178.
[13]	丁秀玲. 不同覆盖方式下西瓜地水、肥、热动态变化及产量、经济效益对比研究[D]. 银川: 宁夏大学, 2010.
[14]	王斌, 田军仓. 不同覆盖材料的荒地种植西瓜试验研究[J]. 节水灌溉, 2017(3):21-24,30.
[15]	杨军, 孙兆军, 韩磊, 等. 不同覆盖保墒措施对旱地西瓜生长、品质及经济效益影响研究[J]. 中国农村水利水电, 2015(10):14-18,22.
[16]	张学宁, 孟清波, 张谨薇, 等. 张家口宣化地区西瓜双膜覆盖栽培模式与效益[J]. 现代农业科技, 2020(3):58-59,61.
[17]	中国科学院上海植物生理研究所, 上海植物生理学会. 现代植物生理学实验指南[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999:152-157.
[18]	李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京: 高等教育出版社, 2000:182-186.
[19]	王敏群, 刘清, 孙丽枫. 蔬菜中抗坏血酸含量分析[J]. 中国卫生检验杂志, 2006, 16(7):845.
[20]	张小红, 鄢铮. 4种覆盖物对甘薯鲜薯和薯干产量的影响[J]. 福建农业科技, 2021, 52(5):45-49.
[21]	孙兴祥, 林红梅. 大棚不同覆盖物保温效果及对西瓜育苗的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2015(6):39-43.
[22]	高秀瑞, 李冰, 张敬敬, 等. 西瓜早春小拱棚地膜双覆盖生产技术规范[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2019, 32(11):94-96.
[23]	郭淑娟, 丛德峰, 孙宝国, 等. 西瓜行间覆稻草,增产增效又环保[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2007(6):61.
[24]	陈士辉, 谢忠奎, 王亚军, 等. 砂田西瓜不同粒径砂砾石覆盖的水分效应研究[J]. 中国沙漠, 2005, 25(3):433-436.
[25]	刘桂红, 闫妍, 张铁耀, 等. 氮对亚适宜温光下黄瓜生理特性和产量的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2014, 28(6):1108. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2014.06.1108
[26]	赵依杰, 张小红, 林航, 等. 砧木对甜瓜叶片氮代谢的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2010, 31(2):1.
[27]	鄢铮. 稻草不同覆盖厚度对甘薯产量和氮代谢的影响[J]. 热带作物学报, 2018, 39(3):433-437.
[28]	鄢铮, 王正荣, 林怀礼, 等. 覆盖方式对马铃薯叶片氮代谢的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2013, 3(2):12-16.
[29]	代婧秋, 侯大斌, 罗霞, 等. 秸秆覆盖对附子氮代谢几种相关酶活性的影响[J]. 北方园艺, 2011(22):160-163.
[30]	王帅, 孙敏, 高志强, 等. 旱地小麦休闲期覆盖保水与磷肥对植株氮素吸收、利用的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3):231-236.
[31]	MURILLO F M, GUGLIUZZA T, SENKO J, et al. A heme-C-containing enzyme complex that exhibits nitrate and nitrite reductase activity from the dissimilatory iron-reducing bacterium Geobacter metallireducens[J]. Archives of microbiology, 1999, 172(5):313-320. doi: 10.1007/s002030050785 URL
[32]	LAM H M, COSCHIGANO K T, OLIVEIRA I C. The molecular genetics of nitrogen assimilation into amino acids in higher plants[J]. Annual review of plant physiology & plant molecular biology, 1996(47):569-593.
[33]	SNCHEZ E, RIVERO R M, RUIZ J M, et al. Changes in biomass, enzymatic activity and protein concentration in roots and leaves of green bean plants(Phaseolus vulgaris L. cv. Strike) under high NH₄NO₃ application rates[J]. Scientia horticulturae, 2004, 99:237-248. doi: 10.1016/S0304-4238(03)00114-6 URL
[34]	刘肖, 胡国庆, 何红波, 等. 连年秸秆覆盖对玉米产量及土壤微生物残体碳积累的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 2020, 36(12):117-122.
[35]	邓仁菊, 尹旺, 张皓, 等. 5种地膜覆盖对甘薯产量及品质的影响[J]. 江苏农业科学, 2021, 49(4):51-54.
[36]	杨建波, 黄冬霞, 凌健珍, 等. 新鲜玉米秸秆覆盖对马铃薯产量及效益的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2021, 34(2):30-35.
[37]	石吕, 薛亚光, 魏亚凤, 等. 基于宽窄行种植模式下稻秸非均匀性覆盖对土壤特性及小麦产量的影响[J]. 核农学报, 2021, 35(7):1668-1677. doi: 10.11869/j.issn.100-8551.2021.07.1668
[38]	司贤宗, 张翔, 毛家伟, 等. 耕作方式与秸秆覆盖对花生产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国油料作物学报, 2016, 38(3):350-354.

处理	伸蔓期	始花期	膨瓜期
CK	54.79ABab	47.93Ab	42.88ABb
黑布	57.12Aa	50.12Aa	45.98Aa
液态膜	50.01Cc	41.73Bd	37.82Cc
菇渣	52.33BCbc	44.02Bc	39.66BCc

处理	伸蔓期	始花期	膨瓜期
CK	54.79ABab	47.93Ab	42.88ABb
黑布	57.12Aa	50.12Aa	45.98Aa
液态膜	50.01Cc	41.73Bd	37.82Cc
菇渣	52.33BCbc	44.02Bc	39.66BCc

处理	伸蔓期	始花期	膨瓜期
CK	0.46ABb	0.56Ab	0.43ABb
黑布	0.49Aa	0.59Aa	0.46Aa
液态膜	0.41Cc	0.48Bd	0.39Cc
菇渣	0.44BCb	0.51Bc	0.41BCbc

处理	伸蔓期	始花期	膨瓜期
CK	0.46ABb	0.56Ab	0.43ABb
黑布	0.49Aa	0.59Aa	0.46Aa
液态膜	0.41Cc	0.48Bd	0.39Cc
菇渣	0.44BCb	0.51Bc	0.41BCbc

处理	伸蔓期	始花期	膨瓜期
CK	17.76Ab	23.28Ab	7.71Bb
黑布	20.82Aa	25.36Aa	9.22Aa
液态膜	11.69Bc	18.65Cc	4.63Dd
菇渣	13.93Bc	20.61BCc	5.56Cc