Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Amount on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Cool Irrigation Area

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0062

Abstract

Abstract:

In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization rates (compound fertilizer) and planting densities on potato growth in cold irrigation area, the growth, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of potato cultivar ‘Jizhangshu 12’ were studied by randomized block experiment. The study set up different densities (52500 plants/hm², 60000 plants/hm², 67500 plants/hm² and 75000 plants/hm²) and different fertilizer application rates (600 kg/hm², 1100 kg/hm² and 1600 kg/hm²). The results showed that the growth period of potato was prolonged by increasing fertilizer application rate and shortened by increasing of planting density. The plant height, stem, diameter, leaf area index, and leaf SPAD value of potato were increased by increasing fertilizer application rate. With the increase of planting density, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato all increased first and then decreased. The effect order of fertilization amount and planting density on plant height, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato was fertilization amount>planting density. With the increase of the planting density and fertilization rate, the large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number, yield, and WUE of potato also showed a first increase and then decrease trend, the yield of potato was significantly and positively correlated with large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number and WUE. The highest potato yield and WUE were found under the F₂D₃ treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the highest yield of 50255.98 kg/hm² could be obtained under the combination of 1065.366 kg/hm²fertilization rate and 67460.00 plants/hm² planting density. The highest WUE of 110.456 kg/(hm²·mm) could be obtained under the combination of 1044.312 kg/hm²fertilization rate and 65820.00 plants/hm² planting density. The appropriate fertilization amount and planting density could increase the yield and WUE of potato, fertilization rate of 1044.312-1065.366 kg/hm² and planting density of 65820-67460 plants/hm² could achieve the synergistic increase of yield and water use efficiency. The model can be recommended as the high-yield and high-efficiency one for potato planting in cold and cool areas.

Key words: cool irrigation area, potato (Solanum tuberosum L.), fertilization amount, planting density, agronomic traits, yield, water use efficiency

WANG Ping, XIE Chengjun, SUN Zhenrong, CHEN Juan, WANG Lei, PENG Wenjing. Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Amount on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Cool Irrigation Area[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2023, 13(6): 17-24.

Figures/Tables 7

References 26

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处理	施肥量/(kg/hm²)	种植密度/（万株/hm²）
F₁D₁	600	5.25
F₁D₂	600	6.00
F₁D₃	600	6.75
F₁D₄	600	7.50
F₂D₁	1100	5.25
F₂D₂	1100	6.00
F₂D₃	1100	6.75
F₂D₄	1100	7.50
F₃D₁	1600	5.25
F₃D₂	1600	6.00
F₃D₃	1600	6.75
F₃D₄	1600	7.50

处理	施肥量/(kg/hm²)	种植密度/（万株/hm²）
F₁D₁	600	5.25
F₁D₂	600	6.00
F₁D₃	600	6.75
F₁D₄	600	7.50
F₂D₁	1100	5.25
F₂D₂	1100	6.00
F₂D₃	1100	6.75
F₂D₄	1100	7.50
F₃D₁	1600	5.25
F₃D₂	1600	6.00
F₃D₃	1600	6.75
F₃D₄	1600	7.50

处理	播种	苗期	开花期	成熟期	收获期	生育期/d
F₁D₁	26/4	24/5	10/7	1/9	10/9	100
F₁D₂	26/4	24/5	10/7	1/9	10/9	100
F₁D₃	26/4	24/5	10/7	28/8	10/9	96
F₁D₄	26/4	24/5	8/7	26/8	10/9	94
F₂D₁	26/4	22/5	7/7	8/9	10/9	109
F₂D₂	26/4	22/5	7/7	8/9	10/9	109
F₂D₃	26/4	22/5	7/7	5/9	10/9	106
F₂D₄	26/4	22/5	7//7	5/9	10/9	106
F₃D₁	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₂	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₃	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₄	26/4	24/5	5/7	5/9	10/9	104

处理	播种	苗期	开花期	成熟期	收获期	生育期/d
F₁D₁	26/4	24/5	10/7	1/9	10/9	100
F₁D₂	26/4	24/5	10/7	1/9	10/9	100
F₁D₃	26/4	24/5	10/7	28/8	10/9	96
F₁D₄	26/4	24/5	8/7	26/8	10/9	94
F₂D₁	26/4	22/5	7/7	8/9	10/9	109
F₂D₂	26/4	22/5	7/7	8/9	10/9	109
F₂D₃	26/4	22/5	7/7	5/9	10/9	106
F₂D₄	26/4	22/5	7//7	5/9	10/9	106
F₃D₁	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₂	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₃	26/4	23/5	7/7	6/9	10/9	106
F₃D₄	26/4	24/5	5/7	5/9	10/9	104

处理	株高/cm	主茎有效分枝数	茎粗/cm	叶面积指数	SPAD值
F₁D₁	50.32f	2.51b	1.81bc	3.18h	53.95ef
F₁D₂	51.63ef	2.22c	1.95bc	3.69fg	51.26fg
F₁D₃	52.25e	2.15c	1.87bc	3.88ef	46.53g
F₁D₄	49.39ef	2.20c	1.75c	4.12de	46.23g
F₂D₁	55.26d	2.82a	2.37a	3.16h	60.23bc
F₂D₂	60.52ab	2.51b	2.36a	3.72fg	58.67bcd
F₂D₃	61.72a	2.24c	2.04b	4.17de	54.12def
F₂D₄	58.34bc	2.10c	1.82bc	4.72b	50.54fg
F₃D₁	57.62cd	2.65b	2.38a	3.45gh	70.38a
F₃D₂	61.72a	2.58b	2.43a	4.22cd	68.46a
F₃D₃	62.78a	2.31c	1.96bc	4.55bc	62.16b
F₃D₄	63.89a	2.15c	1.73c	5.12a	57.62cde
显著性检验（F值）
F	156.88**	12.28**	16.69**	29.48**	85.48**
D	15.38**	48.71**	18.05**	72.64**	22.02**
F×D	3.42*	3.87**	3.71*	2.62*	0.91