Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Maize in Dry Farming Area

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0186

Abstract

Abstract:

The purpose is to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on maize growth and yield, and to assess the feasibility of achieving high yield by reducing chemical fertilizer. A two-year (2019 to 2020) field experiment was carried out using maize ‘Jinkai 5’ with six treatments including no fertilizer (CK), commercial organic fertilizer (T₁), traditional chemical fertilizer (T₂), traditional chemical fertilizer plus commercial organic fertilizer (T₃), traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 15% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T₄) and traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 30% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T₅) by a randomized blocks design. The results showed that compared with CK, all fertilization treatments in 2 years could promote the growth of maize, significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs, and improve the agronomic efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of maize yield. The order of influence on growth and yield was T₃>T₄>T₅>T₂>T₁>CK. Compared with T₂, the plant height, spike height, leaf area index, accumulation of dry matter at different growth stages, yield, water use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers of each organic fertilizer substitution treatment (T₄ and T₅) increased by 0.24%-3.12%, 0.28%-3.27%, 2.36%-8.91%, 4.14%-24.40%, 4.38%-11.20%, 9.06%-13.20%, and 0.44%-24.80%, respectively. In conclusion, replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T₃, T₄, and T₅) could significantly improve maize growth and increase yield. The 30% reduction in fertilizer application (T₅) will not adversely affect the yield of maize, and replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T₅) was a fertilizer saving and high efficient fertilization method for increasing water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity in the dry farming area.

Key words: dry farming area, dual-purpose maize, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yield, water use efficiency

BIAN Jinxia, WANG Ping. Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Maize in Dry Farming Area[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(3): 13-20.

Figures/Tables 5

References 35

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处理	具体施肥量	肥料用量/(kg/hm²)
处理	具体施肥量	氮肥(N)	磷肥(P₂O₅)	钾肥(K₂O)
空白(CK)	不施任何肥料	0	0	0
有机肥(T₁)	仅施有机肥1500 kg/hm²	30.00	18.00	27.00
复合肥+N追施(T₂)	复合肥600 kg/hm²+N 75 kg/hm²追施	190.50	48.00	66.00
商品有机肥+100%复合肥+N追施(T₃)	1500 kg/hm²+复合肥600 kg/hm²+N 75 kg/hm²	220.50	66.00	93.00
商品有机肥+85%复合肥+85%N追施(T₄)	商品有机肥1500 kg/hm²+复合肥510 kg/hm²+N 63.75 kg/hm²	191.93	58.80	83.10
商品有机肥+70%复合肥+70%N追施(T₅)	商品有机肥1500 kg/hm²+复合肥420 kg/hm²+N 52.50 kg/hm²	163.36	51.60	73.20

处理	具体施肥量	肥料用量/(kg/hm²)
处理	具体施肥量	氮肥(N)	磷肥(P₂O₅)	钾肥(K₂O)
空白(CK)	不施任何肥料	0	0	0
有机肥(T₁)	仅施有机肥1500 kg/hm²	30.00	18.00	27.00
复合肥+N追施(T₂)	复合肥600 kg/hm²+N 75 kg/hm²追施	190.50	48.00	66.00
商品有机肥+100%复合肥+N追施(T₃)	1500 kg/hm²+复合肥600 kg/hm²+N 75 kg/hm²	220.50	66.00	93.00
商品有机肥+85%复合肥+85%N追施(T₄)	商品有机肥1500 kg/hm²+复合肥510 kg/hm²+N 63.75 kg/hm²	191.93	58.80	83.10
商品有机肥+70%复合肥+70%N追施(T₅)	商品有机肥1500 kg/hm²+复合肥420 kg/hm²+N 52.50 kg/hm²	163.36	51.60	73.20

年份	处理	株高/cm			茎粗/cm	穗位高/cm	叶面积指数		SPAD值
2019	CK	228.23±5.52d			2.11±0.04c	69.85±2.14e	2.46±0.08d		55.18±0.98e
	T₁	237.53±5.73c			2.21±0.02b	75.49±0.72d	2.83±0.20c		60.15±1.55cd
	T₂	248.12±3.98b			2.24±0.03ab	79.47±1.57c	2.97±0.15bc		62.86±0.55b
	T₃	264.07±2.77a			2.27±0.03a	84.07±0.37a	3.44±0.23a		65.35±0.95a
	T₄	255.87±3.50ab			2.25±0.01ab	82.07±0.16ab	3.15±0.41b		61.08±1.36bc
	T₅	248.92±6.71b			2.22±0.01b	80.49±2.05bc	3.04±0.20bc		58.72±1.34d
2020	CK		202.75±4.19d	1.91±0.07c		65.45±1.71d		2.09±0.11c		45.92±1.16d
	T₁		216.87±3.66c	2.10±0.09b		69.46±1.17c		2.58±0.06b		49.26±1.31c
	T₂		235.33±3.75b	2.12±0.03b		70.13±1.73bc		2.65±0.06ab		53.58±1.05b
	T₃		248.27±4.47a	2.22±0.03a		73.71±1.10a		2.89±0.05a		56.52±2.11a
	T₄		241.02±2.53b	2.14±0.03ab		72.25±0.37ab		2.81±0.07ab		52.17±1.42b
	T₅		235.89±3.56b	2.11±0.02b		70.15±1.51bc		2.67±0.12ab		51.60±0.56b
显著性分析
年份(Y)			^**	^**		^**		^**		^**
施肥(F)			^**	^*		^**		^**		^**
Y×F			ns	ns		^*		ns		ns

年份	处理	株高/cm			茎粗/cm	穗位高/cm	叶面积指数		SPAD值
2019	CK	228.23±5.52d			2.11±0.04c	69.85±2.14e	2.46±0.08d		55.18±0.98e
	T₁	237.53±5.73c			2.21±0.02b	75.49±0.72d	2.83±0.20c		60.15±1.55cd
	T₂	248.12±3.98b			2.24±0.03ab	79.47±1.57c	2.97±0.15bc		62.86±0.55b
	T₃	264.07±2.77a			2.27±0.03a	84.07±0.37a	3.44±0.23a		65.35±0.95a
	T₄	255.87±3.50ab			2.25±0.01ab	82.07±0.16ab	3.15±0.41b		61.08±1.36bc
	T₅	248.92±6.71b			2.22±0.01b	80.49±2.05bc	3.04±0.20bc		58.72±1.34d
2020	CK		202.75±4.19d	1.91±0.07c		65.45±1.71d		2.09±0.11c		45.92±1.16d
	T₁		216.87±3.66c	2.10±0.09b		69.46±1.17c		2.58±0.06b		49.26±1.31c
	T₂		235.33±3.75b	2.12±0.03b		70.13±1.73bc		2.65±0.06ab		53.58±1.05b
	T₃		248.27±4.47a	2.22±0.03a		73.71±1.10a		2.89±0.05a		56.52±2.11a
	T₄		241.02±2.53b	2.14±0.03ab		72.25±0.37ab		2.81±0.07ab		52.17±1.42b
	T₅		235.89±3.56b	2.11±0.02b		70.15±1.51bc		2.67±0.12ab		51.60±0.56b
显著性分析
年份(Y)			^**	^**		^**		^**		^**
施肥(F)			^**	^*		^**		^**		^**
Y×F			ns	ns		^*		ns		ns

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)		生育期降雨量/mm				耗水量/mm			水分利用效率/[kg/(hm²·mm)]
处理	2019	2020	2019		2020		2019	2020		2019	2020
CK	5554.97±37.94e	4095.58±57.69e	413.8		323.8		396.02±7.99d	348.21±6.96b		14.03±0.19d	11.76±0.17d
T₁	7288.32±31.17d	5194.23±24.82d	413.8		323.8		412.94±7.25bc	372.79±15.60a		17.65±0.39c	13.95±0.52c
T₂	8613.27±356.89c	5711.98±122.64c	413.8		323.8		423.83±8.37ab	381.06±11.95a		20.31±0.44b	15.00±0.45b
T₃	10135.86±155.02a	6940.33±125.78a	413.8		323.8		431.39±9.05a	380.05±10.99a		23.51±0.85a	18.27±0.20a
T₄	9339.56±127.62b	6351.85±159.20b	413.8		323.8		406.27±5.80cd	370.78±5.30a		22.99±0.26a	17.10±0.18a
T₅	8990.40±329.43bc	6122.37±207.04b	413.8		323.8		405.88±6.91cd	363.98±7.02ab		22.15±0.43b	16.83±0.89b
显著性分析
年份(Y)		^**		—		^**			^**
施肥(F)		^**		—		^*			^**
Y×F		^**		—		ns			^**