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Journal of Agriculture ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (3): 13-20.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0186

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Effect of Reducing Chemical Fertilizer and Applying Organic Fertilizer on the Growth and Yield of Maize in Dry Farming Area

BIAN Jinxia1(), WANG Ping2()   

  1. 1 Institute of Economic Crops and Malting Barley Material, Gansu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou 730070,Gansu, China
    2 Lanzhou Agricultural Science Technology Research and Extension Center, Lanzhou 730010, Gansu, China
  • Received:2023-08-16 Revised:2023-10-17 Online:2024-03-16 Published:2024-03-16

Abstract:

The purpose is to study the effects of organic fertilizer replacing partial chemical fertilizer on maize growth and yield, and to assess the feasibility of achieving high yield by reducing chemical fertilizer. A two-year (2019 to 2020) field experiment was carried out using maize ‘Jinkai 5’ with six treatments including no fertilizer (CK), commercial organic fertilizer (T1), traditional chemical fertilizer (T2), traditional chemical fertilizer plus commercial organic fertilizer (T3), traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 15% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T4) and traditional chemical fertilizer reduction 30% plus commercial organic fertilizer (T5) by a randomized blocks design. The results showed that compared with CK, all fertilization treatments in 2 years could promote the growth of maize, significantly increase the dry matter accumulation of vegetative organs, and improve the agronomic efficiency and partial fertilizer productivity of maize yield. The order of influence on growth and yield was T3>T4>T5>T2>T1>CK. Compared with T2, the plant height, spike height, leaf area index, accumulation of dry matter at different growth stages, yield, water use efficiency and agricultural efficiency of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers of each organic fertilizer substitution treatment (T4 and T5) increased by 0.24%-3.12%, 0.28%-3.27%, 2.36%-8.91%, 4.14%-24.40%, 4.38%-11.20%, 9.06%-13.20%, and 0.44%-24.80%, respectively. In conclusion, replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T3, T4, and T5) could significantly improve maize growth and increase yield. The 30% reduction in fertilizer application (T5) will not adversely affect the yield of maize, and replacing partial chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer (T5) was a fertilizer saving and high efficient fertilization method for increasing water use efficiency, agronomic efficiency of fertilizer and nitrogen partial fertilizer productivity in the dry farming area.

Key words: dry farming area, dual-purpose maize, chemical fertilizer, organic fertilizer, yield, water use efficiency