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  Present Situation and Development Trend of Silage Corn Industry in China WANG Xiaoguang, SHI Guiqing, LIU Chunge, WU Peng, WANG Ronghuan, SHAN Hong, FENG Peiyu, CHENG Guanglei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 20-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0118 Abstract + (767)    HTML (25)    PDF (1114KB) (687)       Knowledge map    Silage corn has the reputation of "the king of feed", and generally accounts for about 80% of roughage in the diet formula of dairy cows in developed countries such as the United States. In recent years, the planting area of silage corn has shown a rapid upward trend. In 2016, the planting area of silage corn in China was about 1 million hectares, reaching 1.67 million hectares in 2018, and increasing to more than 2 million hectares in 2020. The number of silage corn approved varieties has also shown explosive growth, with 7 national and provincial silage corn approved varieties in 2016 and a peak of 50 in 2019. From the analysis of planting costs and profits in the national survey, the benefits of planting silage corn are relatively considerable. China has initially formed circular industrial chains such as silage corn seed enterprises, silage production enterprises, and silage consumption enterprises and so on, but there is still a lack of powerful functional departments and industrial organizations to promote the rapid development of the industry. An authoritative evaluation and pricing mechanism for silage corn products beyond the interests of industrial chains has not been established yet. With the continuous improvement of the breeding level of animal husbandry in China, people have gradually enhanced their understanding of the "double-high crops" of the utilization rate and transformation efficiency of whole plant silage corn. On the basis of becoming the main diet of dairy cows, silage corn will further become a high-quality feed for ruminants such as beef cattle and sheep, and the silage corn industry will usher in a new wave of development.

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  The Breeding Mode of ‘Yongyou 988’: A New Maize Hybrid Variety Approved by the Nation LU Hongwei, YANG Meili, SU Yujie, CHENG Jianmei, ZHAO Shuzheng, QIN Guiwen, ZHANG Wencheng Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (5): 10-14.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0057 Abstract + (544)    HTML (7)    PDF (957KB) (216)       Knowledge map    ‘Yongyou 988’ is a new maize variety bred by Hebi Academy of Agricultural Sciences with T1932 from European flint line as the female parent and ‘Xun 856’ as the male parent, and it was approved by the nation for Huang-Huai-Hai summer maize region in 2021. In this study, the breeding process, parent source and characteristics, yield performance, stress resistance, disease resistance and quality analysis of the variety were analyzed. The study proposed that in variety breeding, we should highlight the exploration and utilization of excellent germplasm resources, strengthen adversity selection and improve ecological adaptability of the varieties, so as to breed a new maize variety with high yield and quality, wide adaptability, density tolerance and strong stress resistance.

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  Research Status and Trend of Maize Planting Density and Yield LI Jiahang, WANG Shaoxin, XU Luo, LI Zhongjian, WANG Baobao, FENG Jianying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 1-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0157 Abstract + (446)    HTML (25)    PDF (3278KB) (532)       Knowledge map    To have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of researches on maize planting density and yield at home and abroad, 5150 pieces of literature on maize planting density and yield collected from the CNKI database and Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2022 were taken as samples for visual analysis based on CiteSpace software. The results showed that the United States ranked first in the total research volume in this field, followed by China, far beyond other countries. In recent years, China had overtaken the United States in the number of research papers in this field, and kept more than 100 articles published every year. Agronomy Journal had the largest number of publications, with a total of 230 papers, and had the largest influence in academic circles. Chinese scholar Liu Peng published the most papers, made the greatest contribution to the research progress in this field, and cooperated closely with other authors. The research institutions were mainly universities, mostly in northern China, and the cooperation among regional institutions needed to be strengthened. In this field, special corn such as fresh food and silage corn, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, sustainable agriculture, mechanized management, soil properties, yield loss, mathematical model, straw utilization, and so on are the hot research issues in recent years.

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  Carotenoids’ Contents in Different Wheat Varieties: Comparative Analysis SUN Xin, CUI Zhengyong, LI Xinhua, YANG Zaidong, LIU Ying, SUN Mingzhu, ZHANG Tianyu, LI Peng, SONG Huadong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 1-4.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0040 Abstract + (359)    HTML (13)    PDF (1342KB) (407)       Knowledge map    Carotenoids are important factors affecting the color and nutritional quality of wheat flour and flour products. They have functions such as antioxidant, cancerprevention, and night blindness prevention. In order to study the contents of carotenoids among different wheat varieties, ‘19Q1121’, ‘Luyuan 502’, ‘Jimai 22’, ‘Luyan 128’, ‘Luyuan 309’ were used to determine the composition and content of carotenoids by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). The results show that the main components of carotenoids are lutein, zeaxanthins, canthaxanthin, lutein palmitate, lutein dipalmitate, lutein oleic acid ester, etc. Among them, the content of lutein in ‘Luyuan 309’is 7.45 μg/g, which is significantly higher than that of other varieties. In this experiment, the method for cultivating new wheat varieties with high carotenoid content was obtained, which could lay a foundation for improving the nutritional quality of wheat.

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  Research Progress and Prospects of Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera QUAN Linfa, YAO Qiong, DONG Yizhi, XU Shu, CHI Yanyan, CHEN Bingxu Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (9): 38-45.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0097 Abstract + (344)    HTML (12)    PDF (1940KB) (578)       Knowledge map    A long period of evolution causes obviously diurnal and seasonal rhythmic changes in insect life and behavior-circadian clock. At present, Lepidoptera is the most species-rich group of insects, including about 160000 identified species of butterflies and moths, and nearly 70% of the important major agricultural and forestry pests belong to Lepidoptera. The research progress of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera is of great significance for in-depth analysis of variable physiological and behavioral regulation mechanisms of Lepidoptera, effective development of the production of economic insects, and the control of agricultural and forestry pests. In this paper, the effects of the circadian clock on hatching, eating, growth, metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause, courtship behavior and migration in Lepidoptera were summarized. And the critical research advances of molecular regulation of circadian clock and coordinated regulation of circadian clock and endocrine hormones in Lepidoptera were particularly described. Based on the circadian clock principle, we discussed the co-evolutionary relationship between Lepidoptera and plants and its important ecological implications, and the application prospect of circadian clock theory in agricultural pest control and economic insect rearing improvement.

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  Zingiberaceae Plants: Rapid Propagation System Construction Based on Tissue Culture Technology ZHAI Caijiao, CHENG Yujing, QIU Liang, WANG Xiaoqiu, LIU Shuidong, WANG Kang Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 71-78.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0037 Abstract + (330)    HTML (14)    PDF (1229KB) (703)       Knowledge map    To solve the problems of low reproduction coefficient and variety degradation of Zingiberaceae plants, expand propagation scale, improve stress resistance and yield potential, and establish the in vitro rapid propagation system of Zingiberaceae plants effectively, we summarized the conditions of the in vitro rapid propagation system of some Zingiberaceae plants based on plant tissue culture technology. The conditions discussed in this paper mainly consisted of the selection and disinfection of explant, induction, proliferation and differentiation of clustered buds and callus, and rooting culture. We also discussed the problems and solutions in the establishment of in vitro rapid propagation system of Zingiberaceae plants. Meanwhile, the application of plant tissue culture in Zingiberaceae was prospected. The results could provide reference for the healthy and rapid development of the industry of Zingiberaceae plants.

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  Allelopathic Effects of Water Extracts from Millet on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Giant Foxtail ZHAO Na, LI Guoyu, LI Guoqing, CONG Xinjun Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (4): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0078 Abstract + (323)    HTML (9)    PDF (1290KB) (124)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the allelopathy between millet and giant foxtail growth, the effects of different concentrations of water extracts on foxtail millet seed germination and seedling growth were studied by using‘Jinxuan 6’and ‘Setaria viridis’ as experimental materials. The results showed that different concentrations of water extracts have‘low promotion and high inhibition’on seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with the control, the emergence rate was decreased by 13.888%, and the allelopathic index was -0.139 under the treatment of original solution. The comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were -0.070 and -0.034 under the treatment of original solution and 10 times diluted solution, which showed allelopathic inhibition, meanwhile the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were lower than those of the control. The emergence rate was increased by 33.333% and 11.117% under the treatment of 50 and 100 times diluted solution, and the comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were 0.275 and 0.153, which showed allelopathic promotion. Among them, the 50 times diluted solution had the strongest promotion, the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were significantly different from the control. The millet field is often accompanied by a large number of giant foxtail, the results will provide a theoretical basis for removing the giant foxtail at the seedling stage.

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  Preliminary Screening of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Intercropping with Corn in Zibo LIU Weixia, LU Duxu, LU Zhenyu, ZHANG Chao, ZHAI Jiqing, ZHAI Naijia, WANG Guangming Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (4): 7-13.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0073 Abstract + (314)    HTML (11)    PDF (1344KB) (124)       Knowledge map    The aim is to promote the healthy and stable development of the corn industry, adjust and optimize the corn planting structure, enrich diversified planting patterns in Zibo City, and achieve the purpose of green, high-quality and efficient production. This study analyzed the comprehensive performance of intercropping between the same corn variety and different soybean varieties, and selected suitable soybean varieties for local intercropping cultivation preliminarily. The results showed that under the same meteorological environment, the incidence of northern leaf blight and smut of maize in intercropping mode was mild, and there was little difference in other characters. The growth period of early maturing and shade tolerant soybean varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ was 1-3 days shorter than other varieties. They had strong resistance to Riptortuspedestris, moderate and stable main stem height, node number, and bottom pod height. The grain weight per plant was 0.53-1.72 g higher than other varieties, and the yield was 88.81-214.59 kg/hm2 higher than other varieties. Overall, varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ were suitable for intercropping of corn and soybean in Zibo region.

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  The Effects of Staged Sowing on Yield and Quality of Summer Maize CUI Zhaoyun, ZOU Junli, YANG Rongguang, SHI Zhaopeng Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (5): 1-9.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0046 Abstract + (308)    HTML (17)    PDF (1213KB) (395)       Knowledge map    The objective of the study is to explore the effects of different sowing dates on dry matter accumulation, yield and quality of summer maize under the background of climate change. ‘Denghai 605’ was used as the test material, four sowing dates were set: May 31 (sowing date 1, S1), June 10 (sowing date 2, S2), June 20 (sowing date 3, S3) and June 30 (sowing date 4, S4), to study the effects of different sowing dates on plant height, leaf area index, dry matter accumulation and distribution, grain filling characteristics, yield and quality formation of summer maize under different climate backgrounds in different years. The yield of summer maize varied from year to year at different sowing dates. The yield was higher under S3 in 2018. S1 had the highest yield in 2019, which was higher than that of other years. S2 had the highest yield in 2020, which was significantly higher than that of other sowing dates. Maize population yield was significantly correlated with accumulated temperature, ear diameter was significantly correlated with precipitation, and extremely significantly correlated with sunlight; ear length was significantly correlated with sunlight. Different sowing dates had an impact on the content of grain protein, fat and starch, and had a greater impact on crude fiber content. Accumulated temperature was significantly correlated with grain fat content and crude fiber content, and sunlight was significantly correlated with grain starch content. The effect of sowing date on plant height was relatively small and the effect on leaf area index was large. Sowing at the right time could effectively increase the leaf area index and biomass of maize. Leaf area index was significantly higher under S2 and S3 in 2018, especially the leaf area index under S3 were higher than that of other sowing dates in this year, the ear dry matter accumulation was high at the harvest stage, and the yield was higher than that at other sowing dates. Sowing at the right time can make full use of local climatic conditions, improve the utilization of sunlight, temperature and water resources by summer maize, promote the transfer of photosynthetic assimilates from the leaves to the ears, and increase the rate of grain filling, thus effectively increasing grain weight and ensuring the formation of yield and quality.

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  New Wheat Varieties (Lines) in Dry and Fertile Land in Huang-Huai Wheat Area: Preliminary Identification and Classification of Drought Resistance at Seedling Stage SUN Xianyin, MI Yong, MU Qiuhuan, LV Guangde, QI Xiaolei, SUN Yingying, YIN Xundong, WANG Ruixia, WU Ke, QIAN Zhaoguo Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 9-17.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0016 Abstract + (304)    HTML (7)    PDF (1371KB) (198)       Knowledge map    Understanding the drought resistance of new water-saving wheat varieties in dry and fertile land of Huang-Huai wheat area is conducive to wheat variety popularization and breeding. Under the condition of simulated drought stress with 15% PEG-6000 (polyethylene glycol) solution, 50 wheat varieties (lines) of recent years were used as experimental materials to measure the changes of seed germination rate, seedling height and chlorophyll content, and to evaluate and classify the drought resistance. The results showed that wheat seed germination rate and seedling height were significantly correlated with drought resistance at seedling stage under the stress. The 50 materials were divided into 4 categories, including 4 highly drought resistant germplasms (D value of 0.8255-0.9980), 10 drought resistant germplasms (D value of 0.6516-0.7270), 28 drought sensitive germplasms (D value of 0.4941-0.6354), and 8 highly drought sensitive germplasms (D value of 0.3079-0.4676). Compared with using average membership function value to evaluate the drought resistance, the classification results could be reasonably and intuitively presented by using the D value evaluation combined with the longest distance system cluster analysis. Therefore, the experiment confirmed that under the stress of 15% PEG-6000, the germination rate and seedling height of wheat could be used as the main indicators to evaluate the drought-resistance ability at seedling stage. The drought resistance of the 50 varieties (lines) was distinguished, which could provide a basis for the selection and promotion of drought-resistant and water-saving varieties.

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  Effects of Climate Change on Main Growth Stages of Winter Wheat in Linyi and Determination of Suitable Sowing Time TENG Shihui, LI Xiaoxia, LIU Qingjuan Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 18-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0011 Abstract + (299)    HTML (8)    PDF (1354KB) (242)       Knowledge map    To study the impact of climate change on winter wheat production in Linyi City and determine the suitable sowing time and appropriate field management measures, based on the meteorological data of Linyi City from 2001 to 2021 and the seedling survey data of agricultural and rural departments, as well as the historical weather data of Linyi City from 1962 to 2000, we adopted the linear trend prediction to analyze the change law of temperature and accumulated temperature during the winter wheat growth period and the date and duration of main growth stages. The results showed that the suitable sowing time and each growth stage of winter wheat in Linyi City had different responses to climate change. The suitable sowing time was from October 8 to 19, and the best sowing time was from October 11 to 14. The frequency of repeated cooling in tillering stage increased, which enhanced the cold resistance of wheat before winter and was conducive to the formation of strong seedlings; the increase of accumulated temperature before winter and the delay of overwintering period indirectly delayed the suitable sowing time, which could provide better conditions for the late harvest of maize of the previous cropping. The early returning green and significant increase of accumulated temperature after returning green greatly shortened the growth suspension and overwintering time of wheat, increased its actual growth time, and was conducive to the transformation of winter wheat seedling; the early jointing stage could make wheat be more vulnerable to late frost (cold) and late spring cold. The temperature drop in April and May provided better climatic condition for wheat heading, flowering and grain filling, especially, the temperature drop in May, which not only reduced the probability of dry hot wind, but was also conducive to wheat grain filling in the later stage. This study determined the suitable sowing time of winter wheat in Linyi City, and provided a basis for field management and high-yield cultivation of wheat in the whole growth period.

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  The New Wheat Variety ‘Jirumai 25’ with Drought Resistance, Water Saving, High and Stable Yield: Breeding and Characteristic Analysis WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, GAO Qiurong, SHAO Minmin, HUANG Ling, ZHAO Kai, YANG Benzhou, ZHANG Yudan, SUN Leiming, ZHAI Hongmei, WANG Lin Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 6-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0018 Abstract + (288)    HTML (5)    PDF (1673KB) (75)       Knowledge map    In order to cultivate new wheat varieties with stable yield in dry years and high yield in wet years, a new wheat variety 'Jirumai 25' was bred by Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety was developed through sexual hybridization using the high-yield and drought resistant variety 'Shannong 2149' as the female parent and the high-yield variety 'Liangxing 619' as the male parent. 'Jirumai 25' is the winter type with a plant height of 77.5 cm, good lodging resistance and ripening, full grain, good commodity, drought resistance, water saving, high and stable yield, and good integrated resistance. The results of the two-year regional experiments showed that the average yield was 7742.55 kg/hm2, which was 4.02% higher than that of the control variety. In the production experiment of Shandong wheat dryland in 2022-2023, the average yield was 7176.15 kg/hm2, which increased by 5.6% compared with 'Shannong 27', and the yield increase rate was 100%. It was approved by the Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2023, with the approval number of Lu Sheng Mai 20230029. The approval of 'Jirumai 25' wheat new variety provides strong breed support for dryland wheat production in southwestern Shandong and has a broad application prospects.

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  Research Progress of Breeding Model, Method and Regionalization of Konjac Seed Taro CAI Yangguang, DUAN Longfei, QIN Jianfeng, GUO Bangli, CHEN Guo’ai, ZHANG Bairen Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (10): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0147 Abstract + (280)    HTML (11)    PDF (1327KB) (343)       Knowledge map    This paper summarizes the main breeding models, methods and regionalization of konjac seed taro in China, including breeding models of field, understory, facility and courtyard breeding, breeding methods of using rhizomes or corms, cuttings, plant tissue culture and seed breeding, and 4 main regions and 6 sub-regions of Konjac seed breeding. Based on the review, the paper proposes suggestions including reasonable layout of konjac varieties under different climate conditions, innovative development of economic forest, fruit forest and breeding facilities suitable for interplanting konjac; integrates mountain konjac cultivation techniques to prevent drought and waterlogging, biological diversity and multi-dimensional interplanting technology for weed prevention and control, and konjac - soybean - corn strip interplanting technology. The above results improve and innovate the breeding mode and method of konjac seed taro, and expand the suitable planting area of konjac, in order to promote the development of konjac industry in the mountainous area of southwest China.

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  Strong Dominant Hybrid New Cotton Cultivar ‘Gang 0996’: Analysis of Its Yield Potential, Yield Stability and Adaptability ZHAO Shuqi, ZHANG Huachong, YAN Zhenhua, WU Hongxia, DAI Baosheng, LI Qing, HUANG Xiaoli, LI Wei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 32-38.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0043 Abstract + (270)    HTML (3)    PDF (1259KB) (176)       Knowledge map    The objectives of this study are to understand the yield potential of ‘Gang 0996’, determine the relationship between yield and its components, and clarify main factors affecting the high-yield cultivation of the cultivar. Based on the data from the regional experiment of medium-ripe cotton group in 2016 and 2017 and the production experiment of medium-ripe cotton group in 2018 of the Yangtze River Basin, the variation coefficient, high stability coefficient, correlation analysis and path analysis were used to analyze the yield stability, yield potential, and yield and its components of ‘Gang 0996’. The results showed that ‘Gang 0996’ had good comprehensive yield performance, high yield stability and great yield potential. In the regional test, the increase point rate of ‘Gang 0996’ was as high as 91.50%, and ‘Gang 0996’ showed better environmental adaptability than other cultivars. The results of correlation analysis and path analysis showed that boll number had the largest direct effect on lint yield, and constituted the largest indirect effect through other yield components. According to the yield performance of ‘Gang 0996’, in its cultivation, the contradiction between boll number and planting density should be coordinated. Reasonable planting density, enough number of bolls per plant, stable single boll quality, and proper lint percentage are the main ways to achieve high yield.

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  Stress Resistance of Cotton: Establishing the Identification Technical Standard System ZHENG Shufeng, WANG Yanqin, XU Daoqing, PENG Jun, KAN Huachun, LIU Xiaoling, WANG Wei, CHEN Min, LI Shuying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 5-10.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0087 Abstract + (259)    HTML (10)    PDF (1278KB) (243)       Knowledge map    Cotton is a major cash crop in China, which is widely distributed, has a long production cycle and is greatly affected by abiotic stresses. Breeding and screening cotton varieties with strong stress resistance are the main ways to reduce stress disasters, and the study on abiotic stress resistance identification techniques and standards of cotton varieties is crucial. For this purpose, this paper summarized basic methods of crop stress resistance identification at home and abroad in recent years, as well as the identification contents, identification periods, identification methods, identification indicators and stress determination levels of five common and frequent abiotic stresses (ecological stresses) of cotton, such as drought, waterlogging, salinization, high temperature and heat injury, and cold and chilly injury. The paper also summed up basic principles, framework and content for formulating stress identification standards and establishing the standard system. The basic ideas for further research are proposed, mainly including fast, convenient and non-destructive stress resistance identification based on new technologies such as Spectrum/Hyperspectrum, stress resistance identification under complex stresses, and direct location of relevant stress resistance genes by molecular biology for identifying stress resistance.

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  Analysis of Soil Phosphorus Availability Based on Web of Science Citation Database LIAO Yuanhang, SHU Yingge Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 46-54.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0159 Abstract + (256)    HTML (8)    PDF (1641KB) (200)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to understand the research progress and development trend of soil phosphorus availability in China. Based on 2082 literature on soil phosphorus availability in the core collection database of Web of Science, and with the tools of R bibliometrix, CiteSpace, VOSviewer, and Histcite, we used the number of publications, total/average citation frequency and centrality as indicators, to classify and visualize published papers, research strength, research hotspots and subject evolution in the field of soil phosphorus availability research. The results show that the number of publications in the field of soil phosphorus availability is on the rise as a whole, with prominent journals including Plant and Soil, Soil Biology & Biochemistry, and Geoderma. From the perspective of national research strength, China, the United States and Australia are the top three in the total number of published papers. China has published far more papers in this field than other countries, accounting for 29.97%. Up to now, the Chinese Academy of Sciences has published 303 papers, and the number is the most among research institutions. From the analysis of strategic coordinate charts and keywords, we can see that the availability is the core subject of this field. Keywords such as “enzyme activity”, “microbial community”, “phosphorus limitation”, “nitrogen deposition” and “soluble organic carbon” became hotspots in this field from 2018 to 2022. Under the background of environmental factor change, the interaction between soil phosphorus availability and microbial community, enzyme activity, and soil carbon and nitrogen are the forefront of current research, and the interaction among microbial communities, enzymes and nutrients, and interdisciplinary topics will become the focus of future research.

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  Effects of Maize and Soybean Intercropping on Agronomic, Quality and Yield Traits of Soybean ZHAO Xiaoguang, ZHAO Xingzhong, LIU Haomeng, XIAO Jinping, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG Yalei, WANG Liping Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (8): 18-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0022 Abstract + (256)    HTML (11)    PDF (1189KB) (254)       Knowledge map    In order to expound the changing rules of agronomic traits, quality traits and yield traits of soybean varieties under maize and soybean intercropping mode, 7 soybean varieties and maize variety 'Shandan 650' were selected for intercropping, and the differences of various traits of soybean varieties under the intercropping and the monocropping modes were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, pod height and nodes on main stem of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, but the pod number per plant and pod density of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, and the growth period of intercropping soybeans were longer than that of monocropping soybeans; the crude fat and protein of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, the content of saturated fatty acid of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, but the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans; the grain weight per plant, number of grains per plant and number of grains per pod of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans. The changing rules of 100-grain weight were not consistent among different varieties. The average yield of 7 soybean varieties under intercropping mode was 49.88% lower than that under monocropping mode. Through the analysis of various traits, it provided strong support for us to select suitable soybean varieties in different regions for maize and soybean compound planting.

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  Effects of Spraying Different Foliar Fertilizers on the Growth and Photosynthetic Characteristics of Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.) Seedlings GU Duanyin, JIAO Juan, YAN Weiqiang, CHEN Zhen, LIU Zhongliang, GAO Junjie Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 79-83.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0030 Abstract + (253)    HTML (11)    PDF (1264KB) (248)       Knowledge map    The effects of different foliar fertilizers on eggplant seedlings’ growth, development and photosynthesis were determined by taking ‘Jingqie Heilongwang’ eggplant as the test material. The fertilizers were sprayed on the front and back sides of the leaves at three true leaf stage, taking water as control (CK), conventional foliar fertilizer (0.1% urea+0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate) as T1, 0.1 g/L and 0.05 g/L humic acid as T2 and T3, 0.03 g/L and 0.015 g/L compound organic acid as T4 and T5. The results showed that compared with CK, the eggplant plant seedling height, leaf area growth and number of leaves were promoted by spraying conventional foliar fertilizer, humic acid and compound organic acid. The increasing effect of T3 and T5 treatments were the best. T1-T5 treatments promoted the dry matter accumulation of eggplant seedlings, and T2 was the best. The chlorophyll a content increased significantly under T3 and T5 treatments, which was 32.6% and 33.7% higher than that of CK respectively. Spraying humic acid increased the content of chlorophyll b, and spraying compound organic acid increased the content of carotenoid.

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  High-efficiency Pesticide Reduction and Green Alternative Technology in Sichuan Hilly Area: A Review FU Huijuan, LI Xingyue, YI Jun, LI Qiyong, LUO Congcong, ZHANG Hong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (4): 39-45.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0210 Abstract + (246)    HTML (9)    PDF (1118KB) (434)       Knowledge map    Pesticide reduction and green alternative technology are inevitable requirements for the green development of agriculture, and also an effective way to ensure the quality of agricultural products and food safety. In order to effectively promote the green development of agriculture and continuously improve agricultural ecological environment, based on literature, scientific research results and production practices, this study summarized high-efficiency pesticide reduction and green alternative technologies (zero application of chemical pesticides, pesticide reduction, and precise and efficient pesticide application) suitable for agricultural production in Sichuan hilly area. (1) Zero application of chemical pesticides aims to prevent and control pests and diseases through physical, biological and agricultural measures. (2) Pesticide reduction realizes less application of chemical pesticides mainly through the development of high-effective pesticides and the addition of high-effective additives. (3) Precise and efficient pesticide application is based on the prediction and forecast of crop diseases and insect pests to achieve the best control effect with the least amount of pesticides. Scientific and high-efficiency pesticide application and green alternative technology are important premise for achieving high-quality and green development of agriculture in China. This study can provide certain guidance for the prevention and control of pests and diseases, and the efficient and green agricultural production in Sichuan hilly area.

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  Residue Behavior and Dietary Risk Assessment of Prochloraz and Its Metabolites in Celery and Ginger LIU Qian, SHEN Jing, LIU Jun, CHEN Xin, CHENG Yunbin Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (5): 44-49.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0069 Abstract + (245)    HTML (3)    PDF (1142KB) (437)       Knowledge map    In order to study the residue behavior and dietary intake risk of prochloraz and its metabolites in celery and ginger, the 1-year and 6-site standardized residue test of prochloraz and its metabolites in celery and ginger was carried out, samples were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC-ECD), and the dietary intake risk of prochloraz and its metabolites in celery and ginger were evaluated by using the methods of Joint Meeting on Pesticide Residues. When the adding levels of prochloraz were 0.02, 0.1 and 1 mg/kg, the average recovery rate of prochloraz in ginger was 77%-87%, and its relative standard deviation was 3%-13%.When the adding levels of prochloraz were 0.05, 0.5, 1 and 10 mg/kg, the average recovery rate of prochloraz in celery was 75%-114%, and its relative standard deviation was 3%-6%. The half-life of prochloraz in celery was from 6.1-6.8 d. The national estimated daily intake (NEDI) of prochloraz for the general population was 0.67331 mg/d, and the risk probability of dietary intake was 106.9%. The results show that the dietary intake risk of prochloraz and its metabolites is not acceptable for the general population of China. This experiment provides a basis for the rational application and scientific supervision of prochloraz in vegetables, and the establishment of Maximum Residue Limit (MRL) standards of prochloraz and its metabolites in celery and ginger.