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  The New Wheat Variety ‘Jirumai 25’ with Drought Resistance, Water Saving, High and Stable Yield: Breeding and Characteristic Analysis WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, GAO Qiurong, SHAO Minmin, HUANG Ling, ZHAO Kai, YANG Benzhou, ZHANG Yudan, SUN Leiming, ZHAI Hongmei, WANG Lin Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 6-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0018 Abstract + (304)    HTML (6)    PDF (1673KB) (95)       Knowledge map    In order to cultivate new wheat varieties with stable yield in dry years and high yield in wet years, a new wheat variety 'Jirumai 25' was bred by Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety was developed through sexual hybridization using the high-yield and drought resistant variety 'Shannong 2149' as the female parent and the high-yield variety 'Liangxing 619' as the male parent. 'Jirumai 25' is the winter type with a plant height of 77.5 cm, good lodging resistance and ripening, full grain, good commodity, drought resistance, water saving, high and stable yield, and good integrated resistance. The results of the two-year regional experiments showed that the average yield was 7742.55 kg/hm2, which was 4.02% higher than that of the control variety. In the production experiment of Shandong wheat dryland in 2022-2023, the average yield was 7176.15 kg/hm2, which increased by 5.6% compared with 'Shannong 27', and the yield increase rate was 100%. It was approved by the Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2023, with the approval number of Lu Sheng Mai 20230029. The approval of 'Jirumai 25' wheat new variety provides strong breed support for dryland wheat production in southwestern Shandong and has a broad application prospects.

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  Exploring Functions of Farmland Ecosystems to Promote Green and Low-carbon Development of Agriculture: Summary of 2024 Academic Annual Meeting of Agricultural Resources and Environment Branch of China Association of Agricultural Science Societies Journal of Agriculture    2025, 15 (1): 1-6.   Abstract + (198)    HTML (14)    PDF (1018KB) (60)       Knowledge map    Ensuring food and ecological security, and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals are important strategic choices for China. This article is based on the 2024 academic conference of the Agricultural Resources and Environment Branch of the China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS). Experts were organized to discuss and exchange countermeasures in the fields of farmland conservation and quality improvement, sustainable utilization of agricultural water and soil resources, synergy between agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration and adaptation to climate change, soil pollution prevention and health, non-point source pollution prevention and control, high-value utilization of agricultural waste, and utilization and diversity of biological resources, in order to address the problems and challenges faced by the current improvement of farmland ecosystem functions, including unclear mechanisms and insufficient application basic research, insufficient innovation in soil carbon sequestration technology, and the urgent need to break through theories and technologies obstacles for farmland pollution control and waste recycling. The latest research progress in various fields was summarized, and future key research directions were discussed, in order to better explore the ecological functions of farmland and promote green and low-carbon development of agriculture effectively.

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  Research Progresses on Improvement of Saline-alkaline Soil with Wood Vinegar YIN Meili, ZHANG Kaiyu, KANG Furen, GAO Yulin, ZHANG Sheng, ZHANG Xin, LI Qiang, CAO Taotao, ZHENG Jiewen Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (6): 31-38.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0141 Abstract + (179)    HTML (8)    PDF (1266KB) (352)       Knowledge map    Saline soil has limited plant growth due to its high alkalinity, poor air permeability, poor water permeability, easy surface hardening, low nutrient content, and harmful salt content. However, the national food security strategy requires greater efforts to “request food from saline soil land”. A large number of studies had proved that the appropriate concentration of wood vinegar could effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of saline soil, thereby increasing its productivity of saline soil. The article listed the physical and chemical properties and component contents of different types of wood vinegar, described the range of application concentrations of wood vinegar, and summarized the changes in soil physics, chemistry, microorganisms, enzyme activities, and plant growth after wood vinegar was applied to saline-alkali soil, so as to provide a theoretical reference for the application of wood vinegar in saline soil.

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  Reviews on Storage and Processing of Citrus Fruits WANG Jianhui, GUO Weiqing, ZHENG Fan, ZHANG Yin, WANG Xinhui, LIU Dayu, TANG Jiang Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 49-55.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2023-0164 Abstract + (167)    HTML (6)    PDF (1475KB) (462)       Knowledge map    Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

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  Effects of Planting Density on Grain Filling Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize YANG Meili, WANG Bangtai, LU Hongwei, CHENG Jianmei, SU Yujie, ZHAO Shuzheng, ZHANG Xiaochun, CHENG Cui, QIN Guiwen Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0153 Abstract + (164)    HTML (7)    PDF (1334KB) (108)       Knowledge map    In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.

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  Rice Bakanae Disease in Rice Varieties: Resistance Evaluation and Screening YU Yanmin, WU Hongtao, LIU Haiying, XU Zhenhua, WU Licheng, YANG Zhongliang, ZHANG Shuli, GAO Dawei, YAN Ping Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 1-5.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0115 Abstract + (150)    HTML (14)    PDF (1238KB) (81)       Knowledge map    In order to discuss resistance level and field occurrence of rice bakanae disease in the south of Heilongjiang, and screen rice bakanae disease resistant varieties, incidence rate of 60 conventional japonica rice in field were investigated and analyzed, adopting artificial inoculation method. The results indicated that: different rice varieties had different degrees of infestation in the field. The incidence of rice bakanae disease ranged from 0.8% to 39.9%, the average incidence was 14.6%. One rice variety with high resistance and 26 resistant rice varieties were screened out, the resistant varieties accounted for 73.3%, the overall resistance ratio was 11:4. There were differences in rice varieties resistance to rice bakanae disease in southern Heilongjiang Province, resistant varieties should be encouraged to plant to prevent the occurrence of disease in rice production. This study provides some basis for green disease control and rice bakanae disease resistance breeding.

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  Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Peanuts and Safety Analysis LIN Qiujun, WU Xianxin, ZOU Xun, LI Guang, WANG Jianzhong, GUO Chunjing Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 24-29.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0155 Abstract + (149)    HTML (5)    PDF (1179KB) (153)       Knowledge map    To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

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  Impacts of Climate Change on Yield of Pear Trees in Tianshui of Gansu Province in Recent 40a LIU Liang, XU Yunkai, LI Lin, JIA Bin, LI Hongwei Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 89-93.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0099 Abstract + (146)    HTML (7)    PDF (1385KB) (124)       Knowledge map    Tianshui City of Gansu Province has become a pear fruit production base in the dry and cold region of northern China, due to its location in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu, with abundant light and heat, and deep soil layers. Affected by global climate change, the harm of meteorological disasters in Tianshui has significantly increased. Due to the tall height, early flowering period and long growth cycle of pear trees, their growth, development, and yield are more susceptible to the impact of climate change. In order to understand the impact of climate change on the total yield of pear trees, using statistical methods, this study analyzed the main agrometeorological conditions influencing pear tree yield in Tianshui over the past 40 years. The study identified the significant agrometeorological factors affecting pear yields such as the precipitation in early autumn (the last ten days of September), average temperature in mid-spring (the first ten days of April), and sunshine hours in late spring (the first ten days and middle ten days of May). Additionally, the substantial increase in temperatures during autumn and winter, coupled with early spring arid conditions, exacerbated nutrient depletion in fruit trees and hindered the normal development of flower buds, thereby impacting pear tree yields. The study results provide a decision-making support for effective utilization of climate resources and development of industrial layouts in fruit tree production and management departments.

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  Current Situation, Dilemma and Way out of the Protection of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources in China YANG Yuying, HE Shanshan, WANG Yubin Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 44-48.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0174 Abstract + (142)    HTML (4)    PDF (1112KB) (67)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

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  Evaluation of Control Efficiency of Insecticides Against Bemisia tabaci of Facility Tomato JIAO Yuxia, CAO Zeng, ZUO Xiufeng, WANG Xianghui, HU Yinghua Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (6): 1-4.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0273 Abstract + (141)    HTML (10)    PDF (1217KB) (99)       Knowledge map    To screen the highly control insecticides against Bemisia tabaci of facility tomato, six insecticides were selected to test by spraying method in this study, and the control efficiency of different insecticides against Bemisia tabaci and yield of tomato were investigated and compared. The results showed that all the insecticides had the inhibitory effects against Bemisia tabaci, among which 22.4% spirotetramat SC and 22% sulfoxaflor SC exhibited the better control efficiency. After 7 days of application, their control efficiency exceeded 84%, which was 30% higher than the yield of CK. These two insecticides had no adverse impacts on crops and environment, which were suggested to be used alternately in production to achieve effective prevention and control purposes.

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  Variety Selection of Purple-leaf Rice in Application of "Paddy Field Painting" CHEN Shuwei, ZHENG Weicai, LI Yunzhe, LUO Min, WANG Hongchang, MO Jianqiang, ZHENG Zhibo Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (6): 93-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0172 Abstract + (138)    HTML (4)    PDF (3599KB) (93)       Knowledge map    To select colored rice varieties with good ornamental value, strong resistance, high yield, and stable characteristics, and are suitable for “rice planting” in Dongguan and even South China region, 14 colored rice varieties with purple leaves were introduced to carry out the early and late planting trials. The agronomic traits such as leaf color, plant height, lodging resistance and yield were investigated and recorded during the whole growth period. These data were used for the comparative analysis between early and late planting of the same variety or among different varieties. The results showed that there were significant differences in leaf color, growth period, plant height, and yield between early and late planting period of the same variety. There were also significant differences in leaf color and agronomic traits among 14 colored rice varieties. According to the analysis of various characters, the colored rice varieties suitable for early and late planting were selected. The most recommended varieties for early production are 'Shengzi', 'Huazi','Youzi' and 'Ziyehongmi', followed by 'Hangzi', 'Jianzi No.2', 'Aizi' and 'Yingzi'. The most recommended varieties for late production are 'Shengzi', 'Huazi', and 'Youzi', followed by 'Jianzi No.2', 'Aizi', 'Yingzi', 'Ziyehongmi', 'Jiangzi No.1', 'Jiangzi No.2', and 'Zihong No.1'. The color of 'Yingzi' is the most beautiful, but due to its problems such as relatively short plants and low yields, the variety only can be planted small scale for the beauty of "paddy field paintings". The results can be used to guide the variety selection for "paddy field paintings", and promote the construction of beautiful countryside and grain harvest, and the high-quality development of the Greater Bay Area cities.

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  Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress of Leguminivora glycinivorella LI Xiaofeng, ZOU Jingzhu, HAN Zixin, DING Ning, SHI Shusen, CUI Juan, GAO Yu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 81-88.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0144 Abstract + (138)    HTML (7)    PDF (1644KB) (119)       Knowledge map    The bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze the research progresses and development trend in the field of Leguminivora glycinivorella using knowledge map analysis and visual analysis based on the literature published from Jul. 1955 to Jun. 2023 and recorded in the database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and five databases of Web of Science. There were 383 papers on L. glycinivorella published in 125 journals at home and abroad, and the researchers were from 294 research institutions of 8 countries or regions. The results showed that the total number of publications on L. glycinivorella kept increasing, and an explosive increase occurred during the 21st century. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the most published papers among research institutions. Keywords in CNKI included control effect, occurrence regularity, soybean varieties, DDVP and Trichogramma, while keyword in Web of Science included identification and expression of resistance genes, transgenic soybean, Trichogramma and sex pheromone. Up to now, the researches are mainly involved in the fields of applied entomology, physiology and biochemistry, biology and ecology. Research hotspots on L. glycinivorella in China were closely related to its integrated control technology and screening of insect-resistant varieties. However, research hotspots in foreign countries were closely related to the genetic expression of L. glycinivorella. The bibliometric analysis results could help relevant researchers to quickly understand the current research status in this field. Targeting the current hot issues and weak links in L. glycinivorella, we can select the right research direction to develop more effective technical measures on the control of L. glycinivorella.

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  Effects of Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Ankang Area CHEN Jianhui, ZHU Feng, KE Meifu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (6): 13-17.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0195 Abstract + (133)    HTML (5)    PDF (1158KB) (93)       Knowledge map    To further explore the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of different ratios of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on the growth period, agronomic traits, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth period of tobacco plants among different nitrogen fertilizer forms. The agronomic traits of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments showed some differences, but there was no obvious regularity. At the flat-top stage, with the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the length and width of lower tobacco leaves and the length of middle tobacco leaves showed a gradually increasing trend, but the difference was not significant. When the ammonium nitrogen ratio was more than 60%, the width of middle tobacco leaves decreased. When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen was the highest, the length of upper leaves was significantly higher than that of other treatments, but the proportion of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the width of upper leaves. With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer application, the yield, output value and the proportion of superior tobacco showed a gradually increasing trend. When the ratio of treatment with ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 7:3, the highest yield, output value, proportion of superior tobacco and average price were obtained, but the increase was not significant. When the ratio of treatment of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was ≤5:5, the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves was more suitable, and the proportion was more coordinated. With the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The sensory quality evaluation score was the highest when the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 5:5. When the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was greater than 5:5, the sensory quality decreased rapidly. The ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in Ankang tobacco area is 5:5, which takes into account both quality and efficiency.

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  Evaluation of High-quality Development of Vegetable Industry and Analysis of Its Influencing Factors LIANG Weisen, CHU Xialing, CHEN Junqiu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (6): 83-92.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0109 Abstract + (133)    HTML (3)    PDF (1289KB) (124)       Knowledge map    The vegetable industry is important for rural industrial revitalization, and its high-quality development is an important support for the Chinese path to agricultural modernization. Based on the new development concept, we selected indicators from the five dimensions of "innovation, coordination, greenness, openness and sharing" to construct an evaluation system for the high-quality development of vegetable industry. Additionally, an empirical model was constructed to analyze the influencing factors with a data sample of almost all provinces in China (except Tibet) from 2015-2020. The results showed that: (1) the level of high-quality development of China's vegetable industry in the 13th Five-Year Plan period had gradually increased, with the indices of sharing, innovation, green and coordination dimensions all increasing to different degrees, while the openness dimension had slightly declined. (2) Shandong and Jiangsu were in the high level of quality development of vegetable industry, 7 provinces such as Hebei and Henan were in the middle and high level, and over 20 provinces were in the middle and below level. (3) In terms of production areas, the order from large to small was the Huanghuaihai and Bohai rim region > Yangtze River region > Northeast region > Northwest region > South China region > Southwest region. (4) Regional economic development, industrial upgrading and agriculture-related loans had significant positive impacts on the high-quality development of vegetable industry, while agricultural insurance had a negative impact, and digital economy and environmental regulation had different significant impacts on their dimensional levels. It is recommended to optimize the layout of the vegetable industry, unblock the distribution channels of products, promote moderate scale operation, and increase industrial and security efforts.

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  Extraction Process Optimization and Component Analysis of Oregano Essential Oil WANG Ying, LIU Chenxi, WANG Xinyan, HE Jifang, LI Haohui, JIA Lu, LIU Wei, XUE Gang Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 56-62.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0162 Abstract + (133)    HTML (5)    PDF (1324KB) (121)       Knowledge map    The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction. The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%, with extraction time for 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g /100 g and 0.608 g /100 g, respectively. There were 16 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of alkenes, 4 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by conventional steam distillation, the contents of which accounted for 74.366%, 6.263%, 1.245%, 12.684% and 0.449%, respectively. 20 kinds of alkanes, 9 kinds of alkenes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction, which accounted for 60.127%, 12.597%, 2.795%, 22.147% and 0.936%, respectively. At the same time, the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation. The contents of thymol, cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and α-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%, 3.286%, 2.551%, 2.143% and 0.206%, respectively. And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%, 5.218%, 4.509%, 4.14% and 0.36%, respectively. This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil. The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil, which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.

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  Research Progress of Ginger Plague and Continuous Cropping Obstacle in Ginger GE Liqing, LIAO Liyan, SUN Chunmei, LI Chaolian, ZHANG Qiongxian, HAN Qingli Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (9): 12-16.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0181 Abstract + (131)    HTML (8)    PDF (1062KB) (80)       Knowledge map    This paper mainly describes the occurrence, causes and prevention and control technology of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, briefly describes the relationship between ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, summarizes the research progress of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles from the aspects of ginger plague, pathogenic bacteria, control status and technology, and summarizes the effective prevention and control methods of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil, rotating cultivation and soil fumigation. It is pointed out that there are few researches on pathogenic bacteria, accumulation of self-toxic substances in ginger and rhizosphere microorganisms at present, and relevant suggestions are proposed, in order to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of ginger plague, slow down the obstacles of continuous cropping, and promote the development of ginger industry and sustainable production.

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  Selenium Enrichment Ability and Quality Analysis of Processed Tomato in Natural Selenium-enriched Soil DONG Jie, HUO Shunli, ZHAO Shuangyin, ZHANG Bei, CAI Engeli, ZHAO Yu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 67-72.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0138 Abstract + (130)    HTML (4)    PDF (1252KB) (108)       Knowledge map    Five different tomato varieties were chosen as the experimental subjects in the Yanqi basin, and two types of cultivated land were selected as experimental sites, including selenium-enriched land with a selenium content of 0.4 mg/kg in the soil, and non-selenium-enriched land with no detectable selenium content. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the selenium enrichment ability and quality of these tomato varieties in natural selenium-enriched soil, and to identify the varieties that were suitable for local cultivation. The findings would provide a theoretical foundation for the development of the selenium-enriched industry in the Yanqi basin. The results revealed that the processed tomato varieties in selenium-enriched areas met the standards for selenium-enriched agricultural products and were considered natural selenium-enriched tomatoes. The varieties ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 5501’ exhibited strong selenium enrichment abilities, with bioconcentration factors of 6.6%, 6.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Planting processed tomatoes in natural selenium-enriched soil improved the quality of the tomatoes, as evidenced by higher lycopene content in the selenium-enriched areas compared to the non-selenium-enriched areas. Furthermore, ‘Tunhe 3501’ and ‘Tunhe 5501’ had higher lycopene content than ‘Tunhe 1015’, ‘Tunhe 1943’ and ‘Tunhe 17’. In selenium-enriched areas, the reducing sugar content of ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 17’ was higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. The total acid content of processed tomatoes in selenium-enriched areas was also higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. ‘Tunhe 3501’ had the highest total acid content, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’, and ‘Tunhe 1015’ had the lowest content. A comprehensive analysis of the membership function demonstrated that ‘Tunhe 3501’ performed the best overall in natural selenium-enriched soil, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’.

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  Effect of Ecological Substrate Ratio on Growth of Strawberry YAO Guijun, WANG Gaigai, ZHOU Jun, SONG Yun, FAN Yuan Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 73-76.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0152 Abstract + (130)    HTML (9)    PDF (1230KB) (96)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to clarify the effects of different ecological substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries, and to provide scientific basis for strawberry quality enhancement and organic product development. ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry was used as the test material, and sheep manure, mushroom slag, straw and grass charcoal were mixed and blended into the cultivation substrate according to different volume ratios, and the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of different ecological substrates were suitable for the growth of strawberries, and the growth potential of strawberry plants was the strongest under treatment Ⅲ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: coconut husk=1:2:1), followed by treatmentⅠ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal: straw=1:1:1:1) and Ⅳ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal=2:2:1). The strawberry growth under treatment Ⅴ (sheep manure: mushroom slag=1:2) was the weakest.

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  Field Efficacy Evaluation of Spinosyn 20% SC Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize XIE Xianbiao, MENG Jizhi, SHEN Yunfeng, YIN Xiaoqing, WANG Zhenyong, JIANG Jiwei, CHEN Xingjian, LU Fengshu, YANG Liping, ZHAO Guoan Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 18-23.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0150 Abstract + (129)    HTML (4)    PDF (1232KB) (134)       Knowledge map    In order to further explore the safety of spinosyn in maize, the control effect, duration, field usage and dosage on Spodoptera frugiperda, and to screen out effective, safe and environmentally friendly agents for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda, Spinosyn 20% SC 150 mL/hm2, 225 mL/hm2, 300 mL/hm2, emamectin benzoate 5% ME 300 mL/hm2, indoxacarb 15% SC 225 mL/hm2, chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC 225 mL/hm2, were used to carry out the field plot efficacy test. The result showed that spinosyn 20% SC was safe to maize and had a good control effect on Spodoptera frugiperda. With the increase of the dosage per hectare, the control effect and duration increased. The control effect of spinosad 225 g / hm2 and 300 g / hm2 was more prominent, and the control effect was more than 90 % after 1-3 days of the first and second times, the control effect was above 75% after 14 days, and the seedling protection effect was still above 80% after 14 days. In addition, 21 days after the second dose, the control effect was still over 70%, and the seedling protection effect was more than 60%. The harm index of Spodoptera frugiperda to corn under the two treatments was 13.18-14.30, the harm level was controlled within level 2, and the damage degree of corn occurred lightly. It is recommended to use spinosyn 20% SC for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda of maize, with the dosage of 225 mL/hm2. In the corn seedling stage, it can be sprayed once, and in the corn trumpet stage, it can be used to mix sand and spread it once.

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  Responses of Light Energy and Nitrogen Spatial Distribution, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation to Increased Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco ZONG Zhaohui, WANG Han, LI Jincheng, ZHAO Weicai, DENG Wenjun, WANG Wei, YU Chunqiang, WANG Jun Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 16-23.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0147 Abstract + (129)    HTML (4)    PDF (1355KB) (92)       Knowledge map    To explore the effects of densification on the distribution of light andnitrogen, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and output value of flue-cured tobacco canopy in Shaoguan tobacco-growing area, four densities (M1:10500 plants/hm2, M2:13500 plants/hm2, M3:16500 plants/hm2, M4:19500 plants /hm2) of ‘Yueyan 97’ were set to determine the light resources and nitrogen distribution, pigment content, dry matter accumulation and economic properties of different canopy. The results showed that with the increase of density, the light transmittal rate of different canopy decreased and the chlorophyll content was increased. Compared with M1 treatment, the upper leaf chlorophyll of M4 treatment increased by 26.31% at 80d, and the increase of Chlb was greater than that of Chla. Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen are important indexes of crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism. As density increased, photosynthetic rate of tobacco plant decreased, compared with M1 treatment, the upper leaves of M4 treatment decreased by 32.16% to 35.83%. The Ci, Tr and Gs increased first and then decreased, while nitrogen concentration showed a decreasing trend, but there was no significant difference between middle and upper leaves of M4, M3 and M2 treatment at different periods. When the density was 16500 plants/hm2, the dry matter accumulation in leaf organs of ‘Yueyan 97’ reached the maximum, and the highest yield and economic benefit were obtained. Compared with the density of 10500 plants/hm2, the yield and output value were significantly increased. Reasonable dense planting of ‘Yueyan 97’ could resist the decline of photosynthetic rate under weak light stress by reducing chlorophyll degradation and improving nitrogen distribution in middle and upper leaves, promoted the dry matter accumulation ability of tobacco plant population, and obtained higher tobacco yield and output value.