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  The New Wheat Variety ‘Jirumai 25’ with Drought Resistance, Water Saving, High and Stable Yield: Breeding and Characteristic Analysis WANG Fuyu, CHEN Guiju, GAO Qiurong, SHAO Minmin, HUANG Ling, ZHAO Kai, YANG Benzhou, ZHANG Yudan, SUN Leiming, ZHAI Hongmei, WANG Lin Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 6-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0018 Abstract + (317)    HTML (6)    PDF (1673KB) (96)       Knowledge map    In order to cultivate new wheat varieties with stable yield in dry years and high yield in wet years, a new wheat variety 'Jirumai 25' was bred by Jining Academy of Agricultural Sciences. This variety was developed through sexual hybridization using the high-yield and drought resistant variety 'Shannong 2149' as the female parent and the high-yield variety 'Liangxing 619' as the male parent. 'Jirumai 25' is the winter type with a plant height of 77.5 cm, good lodging resistance and ripening, full grain, good commodity, drought resistance, water saving, high and stable yield, and good integrated resistance. The results of the two-year regional experiments showed that the average yield was 7742.55 kg/hm2, which was 4.02% higher than that of the control variety. In the production experiment of Shandong wheat dryland in 2022-2023, the average yield was 7176.15 kg/hm2, which increased by 5.6% compared with 'Shannong 27', and the yield increase rate was 100%. It was approved by the Shandong Crop Variety Approval Committee in December 2023, with the approval number of Lu Sheng Mai 20230029. The approval of 'Jirumai 25' wheat new variety provides strong breed support for dryland wheat production in southwestern Shandong and has a broad application prospects.

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  Exploring Functions of Farmland Ecosystems to Promote Green and Low-carbon Development of Agriculture: Summary of 2024 Academic Annual Meeting of Agricultural Resources and Environment Branch of China Association of Agricultural Science Societies Journal of Agriculture    2025, 15 (1): 1-6.   Abstract + (212)    HTML (14)    PDF (1018KB) (61)       Knowledge map    Ensuring food and ecological security, and achieving carbon peak and carbon neutrality goals are important strategic choices for China. This article is based on the 2024 academic conference of the Agricultural Resources and Environment Branch of the China Association of Agricultural Science Societies (CAASS). Experts were organized to discuss and exchange countermeasures in the fields of farmland conservation and quality improvement, sustainable utilization of agricultural water and soil resources, synergy between agricultural emission reduction and carbon sequestration and adaptation to climate change, soil pollution prevention and health, non-point source pollution prevention and control, high-value utilization of agricultural waste, and utilization and diversity of biological resources, in order to address the problems and challenges faced by the current improvement of farmland ecosystem functions, including unclear mechanisms and insufficient application basic research, insufficient innovation in soil carbon sequestration technology, and the urgent need to break through theories and technologies obstacles for farmland pollution control and waste recycling. The latest research progress in various fields was summarized, and future key research directions were discussed, in order to better explore the ecological functions of farmland and promote green and low-carbon development of agriculture effectively.

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  Reviews on Storage and Processing of Citrus Fruits WANG Jianhui, GUO Weiqing, ZHENG Fan, ZHANG Yin, WANG Xinhui, LIU Dayu, TANG Jiang Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 49-55.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2023-0164 Abstract + (188)    HTML (8)    PDF (1475KB) (486)       Knowledge map    Citrus is the largest category of fruit in China, which is widely planted and has many cultivars for fresh fruit market. To extend shelf life, promote intensive processing, improve enterprise’s benefit, current research progresses related to fruit storage and processing have been reviewed. At first, new preservation technologies applied in Citrus fruits’ storage were summarized. Subsequently, innovation technologies for processing products and by-products utilization were discussed. Finally, functional components in Citrus with potential application in pharmaceutical industry were also reviewed. Therefore, depending on different cultivars in production areas, fruit sorting system after post-harvest are recommended for orange and lemon varieties. Meanwhile, the non-thermal processing technology and enzymatic digestion for de-peeling is utilized for tradition processing products, such as sweet orange and tangerine. Functional components in Citrus will be extracted and prepared to medicinal and edible food. In conclusion, new technology for storage and processing are used in Citrus to extendindustry chain, which significantly boost industry development in future.

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  Effects of Planting Density on Grain Filling Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation of Maize YANG Meili, WANG Bangtai, LU Hongwei, CHENG Jianmei, SU Yujie, ZHAO Shuzheng, ZHANG Xiaochun, CHENG Cui, QIN Guiwen Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 1-8.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0153 Abstract + (184)    HTML (7)    PDF (1334KB) (117)       Knowledge map    In order to clarify the effects of planting density on the grain filling characteristics, dry matter accumulation, yield and yield components of different maize varieties, in this study, the medium-high yield maize varieties ‘Yongyou 1573’ and ‘Yongyou 1593’ were used as experimental materials in 2021-2022, and three densities of 60000, 75000, 90000 plants/hm2 were set. The results showed that under different planting densities, the 100-grain weight showed a "fast increase-slow increase" rising trend, and the grain filling rate showed a single peak curve of "first increase and then decrease", and the peak filling appeared about 22 days after pollination. Increasing the planting density significantly reduced the theoretical maximum 100-grain weight (a), the maximum grain filling rate (Rmax), the average grain filling rate (Rmean) and the grain weight (Wmax) when the grain filling reached the maximum rate, and the yield per plant was significantly positively correlated with the 100-grain weight, the number of grains per ear, Wmax, Rmax and Rmean. After pollination, the dry matter accumulation of plants decreased with the increase of density, and the decrease of high density was more significant. The proportion of vegetative organs of plants in the early stage of filling was relatively large. The proportion of each organ of plants in the middle and late stage of filling was in the order of grain>stem sheath>leaf>ear axis>bract, and the contribution rate of stem sheath dry weight to grain yield was the largest. Increasing planting density reduced the ear length, ear diameter, grain number per ear and yield per plant of different maize varieties, and increased the bald tip length. The yield per unit area was the highest at the density of 75000 plants/hm2. There were differences among varieties. The 100-grain weight of ‘Yongyou 1573’ was less than that of ‘Yongyou 1593’, and the grain number per ear and yield per unit area were greater than the latter, indicating that the 100-grain weight and grain number per ear jointly affected the yield per unit area. This study provides theoretical basis for the selection of optimum planting density and the improvement of corn yield, and also has theoretical guiding significance for the realization of high efficiency and yield increase of summer corn in northern Henan.

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  Application of Plant Growth Regulators in Peanuts and Safety Analysis LIN Qiujun, WU Xianxin, ZOU Xun, LI Guang, WANG Jianzhong, GUO Chunjing Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 24-29.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0155 Abstract + (178)    HTML (5)    PDF (1179KB) (161)       Knowledge map    To clarify the use of plant growth regulators in peanut production, we collected statistics on the types of regulators currently valid for registration in peanuts by querying the China Pesticide Information Network, and inquired about the maximum residue limits and detection methods of regulators in peanuts in the national food safety standard Maximum Residue Limits of Pesticides in Food (GB 2763—2021). The toxicity of regulators mainly used in peanut productionwas analyzed to provide opinions and suggestions for the formulation and revision of relevant standards in the next step. And it also provided reference for the high-quality development of the peanut industry’s export earnings, enhanced the international competitiveness of China’s peanut industry, and ensured the healthy and sustainable development of China’s peanut industry.

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  Impacts of Climate Change on Yield of Pear Trees in Tianshui of Gansu Province in Recent 40a LIU Liang, XU Yunkai, LI Lin, JIA Bin, LI Hongwei Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 89-93.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0099 Abstract + (170)    HTML (7)    PDF (1385KB) (130)       Knowledge map    Tianshui City of Gansu Province has become a pear fruit production base in the dry and cold region of northern China, due to its location in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau in central Gansu, with abundant light and heat, and deep soil layers. Affected by global climate change, the harm of meteorological disasters in Tianshui has significantly increased. Due to the tall height, early flowering period and long growth cycle of pear trees, their growth, development, and yield are more susceptible to the impact of climate change. In order to understand the impact of climate change on the total yield of pear trees, using statistical methods, this study analyzed the main agrometeorological conditions influencing pear tree yield in Tianshui over the past 40 years. The study identified the significant agrometeorological factors affecting pear yields such as the precipitation in early autumn (the last ten days of September), average temperature in mid-spring (the first ten days of April), and sunshine hours in late spring (the first ten days and middle ten days of May). Additionally, the substantial increase in temperatures during autumn and winter, coupled with early spring arid conditions, exacerbated nutrient depletion in fruit trees and hindered the normal development of flower buds, thereby impacting pear tree yields. The study results provide a decision-making support for effective utilization of climate resources and development of industrial layouts in fruit tree production and management departments.

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  Rice Bakanae Disease in Rice Varieties: Resistance Evaluation and Screening YU Yanmin, WU Hongtao, LIU Haiying, XU Zhenhua, WU Licheng, YANG Zhongliang, ZHANG Shuli, GAO Dawei, YAN Ping Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 1-5.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0115 Abstract + (158)    HTML (14)    PDF (1238KB) (83)       Knowledge map    In order to discuss resistance level and field occurrence of rice bakanae disease in the south of Heilongjiang, and screen rice bakanae disease resistant varieties, incidence rate of 60 conventional japonica rice in field were investigated and analyzed, adopting artificial inoculation method. The results indicated that: different rice varieties had different degrees of infestation in the field. The incidence of rice bakanae disease ranged from 0.8% to 39.9%, the average incidence was 14.6%. One rice variety with high resistance and 26 resistant rice varieties were screened out, the resistant varieties accounted for 73.3%, the overall resistance ratio was 11:4. There were differences in rice varieties resistance to rice bakanae disease in southern Heilongjiang Province, resistant varieties should be encouraged to plant to prevent the occurrence of disease in rice production. This study provides some basis for green disease control and rice bakanae disease resistance breeding.

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  Selenium Enrichment Ability and Quality Analysis of Processed Tomato in Natural Selenium-enriched Soil DONG Jie, HUO Shunli, ZHAO Shuangyin, ZHANG Bei, CAI Engeli, ZHAO Yu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 67-72.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0138 Abstract + (157)    HTML (4)    PDF (1252KB) (109)       Knowledge map    Five different tomato varieties were chosen as the experimental subjects in the Yanqi basin, and two types of cultivated land were selected as experimental sites, including selenium-enriched land with a selenium content of 0.4 mg/kg in the soil, and non-selenium-enriched land with no detectable selenium content. The objective of this study was to analyze and evaluate the selenium enrichment ability and quality of these tomato varieties in natural selenium-enriched soil, and to identify the varieties that were suitable for local cultivation. The findings would provide a theoretical foundation for the development of the selenium-enriched industry in the Yanqi basin. The results revealed that the processed tomato varieties in selenium-enriched areas met the standards for selenium-enriched agricultural products and were considered natural selenium-enriched tomatoes. The varieties ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 5501’ exhibited strong selenium enrichment abilities, with bioconcentration factors of 6.6%, 6.6%, and 6.3%, respectively. Planting processed tomatoes in natural selenium-enriched soil improved the quality of the tomatoes, as evidenced by higher lycopene content in the selenium-enriched areas compared to the non-selenium-enriched areas. Furthermore, ‘Tunhe 3501’ and ‘Tunhe 5501’ had higher lycopene content than ‘Tunhe 1015’, ‘Tunhe 1943’ and ‘Tunhe 17’. In selenium-enriched areas, the reducing sugar content of ‘Tunhe 1943’, ‘Tunhe 3501’, and ‘Tunhe 17’ was higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. The total acid content of processed tomatoes in selenium-enriched areas was also higher than that in non-selenium-enriched areas. ‘Tunhe 3501’ had the highest total acid content, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’, and ‘Tunhe 1015’ had the lowest content. A comprehensive analysis of the membership function demonstrated that ‘Tunhe 3501’ performed the best overall in natural selenium-enriched soil, followed by ‘Tunhe 1943’.

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  Current Situation, Dilemma and Way out of the Protection of Livestock and Poultry Genetic Resources in China YANG Yuying, HE Shanshan, WANG Yubin Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 44-48.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0174 Abstract + (156)    HTML (4)    PDF (1112KB) (73)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the effective way to realize the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources in China, the current situation of the protection of livestock and poultry genetic resources was systematically sorted out, and the realistic difficulties faced by the protection were deeply analyzed. The results show that, at present, the number of protected varieties has been increasing, regulations and policies have been improved, protected areas, seed conservation farms and gene banks have begun to take shape, and the quality of the workforce has been improved. However, it is also faced with the dilemma of not digging deep into the characteristics of resources, and the disconnection between protection and exploitation; the weak support of regulations and policies, and the lack of linkage in the management system; the obsolete facilities in the protected areas, conservation farms and gene banks, and the outdated protection technology; the insufficient financial support, and the single channel of investment. Based on this, the following countermeasures and suggestions are put forward: strengthen the depth mining of resources, improve the level of development and utilization; establish and improve laws and regulations, integrate departmental management resources; strengthen the guidance of fiscal funds and establish a diversified investment and financing system; continue to promote the development and construction of seed conservation farms, protected areas and gene banks.

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  Bibliometric Analysis of Research Progress of Leguminivora glycinivorella LI Xiaofeng, ZOU Jingzhu, HAN Zixin, DING Ning, SHI Shusen, CUI Juan, GAO Yu Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 81-88.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0144 Abstract + (150)    HTML (7)    PDF (1644KB) (126)       Knowledge map    The bibliometric analysis was conducted to analyze the research progresses and development trend in the field of Leguminivora glycinivorella using knowledge map analysis and visual analysis based on the literature published from Jul. 1955 to Jun. 2023 and recorded in the database of the China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) and five databases of Web of Science. There were 383 papers on L. glycinivorella published in 125 journals at home and abroad, and the researchers were from 294 research institutions of 8 countries or regions. The results showed that the total number of publications on L. glycinivorella kept increasing, and an explosive increase occurred during the 21st century. Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences had the most published papers among research institutions. Keywords in CNKI included control effect, occurrence regularity, soybean varieties, DDVP and Trichogramma, while keyword in Web of Science included identification and expression of resistance genes, transgenic soybean, Trichogramma and sex pheromone. Up to now, the researches are mainly involved in the fields of applied entomology, physiology and biochemistry, biology and ecology. Research hotspots on L. glycinivorella in China were closely related to its integrated control technology and screening of insect-resistant varieties. However, research hotspots in foreign countries were closely related to the genetic expression of L. glycinivorella. The bibliometric analysis results could help relevant researchers to quickly understand the current research status in this field. Targeting the current hot issues and weak links in L. glycinivorella, we can select the right research direction to develop more effective technical measures on the control of L. glycinivorella.

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  Research Progress of Ginger Plague and Continuous Cropping Obstacle in Ginger GE Liqing, LIAO Liyan, SUN Chunmei, LI Chaolian, ZHANG Qiongxian, HAN Qingli Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (9): 12-16.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0181 Abstract + (150)    HTML (8)    PDF (1062KB) (81)       Knowledge map    This paper mainly describes the occurrence, causes and prevention and control technology of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, briefly describes the relationship between ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles, summarizes the research progress of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles from the aspects of ginger plague, pathogenic bacteria, control status and technology, and summarizes the effective prevention and control methods of ginger plague and continuous cropping obstacles by improving soil, rotating cultivation and soil fumigation. It is pointed out that there are few researches on pathogenic bacteria, accumulation of self-toxic substances in ginger and rhizosphere microorganisms at present, and relevant suggestions are proposed, in order to provide theoretical support for the prevention and control of ginger plague, slow down the obstacles of continuous cropping, and promote the development of ginger industry and sustainable production.

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  Extraction Process Optimization and Component Analysis of Oregano Essential Oil WANG Ying, LIU Chenxi, WANG Xinyan, HE Jifang, LI Haohui, JIA Lu, LIU Wei, XUE Gang Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 56-62.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0162 Abstract + (145)    HTML (5)    PDF (1324KB) (128)       Knowledge map    The study aims to optimize the extraction conditions of essential oil from Oregano by traditional steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction. The extraction parameters were optimized by single factor and orthogonal experiments, and the essential oil was analyzed by GC/MS. The results showed that the optimal extraction process combination of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction was the basification of 1%, with extraction time for 1.5 h, solid-liquid ratio of 1:6. Under these conditions, the extraction rates of steam distillation and simultaneous distillation-extraction were 0.486 g /100 g and 0.608 g /100 g, respectively. There were 16 kinds of alkanes, 6 kinds of alkenes, 4 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones in the oil obtained by conventional steam distillation, the contents of which accounted for 74.366%, 6.263%, 1.245%, 12.684% and 0.449%, respectively. 20 kinds of alkanes, 9 kinds of alkenes, 5 kinds of alcohols, 3 kinds of phenols and 1 kind of ketones were obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction, which accounted for 60.127%, 12.597%, 2.795%, 22.147% and 0.936%, respectively. At the same time, the types and contents of main bacteriostatic components of essential oils obtained by simultaneous distillation-extraction were significantly higher than those of conventional steam distillation. The contents of thymol, cymene, γ-terpinene, carvacrol and α-hydrocene in conventional steam distillation essential oils were 8.492%, 3.286%, 2.551%, 2.143% and 0.206%, respectively. And those of simultaneous distillation-extraction were 13.925%, 5.218%, 4.509%, 4.14% and 0.36%, respectively. This study can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil. The optimum technology obtained in this study has the high yield of essential oil, which can provide reference for the production and preparation of oregano essential oil.

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  Responses of Light Energy and Nitrogen Spatial Distribution, Photosynthetic Characteristics and Dry Matter Accumulation to Increased Planting Density of Flue-cured Tobacco ZONG Zhaohui, WANG Han, LI Jincheng, ZHAO Weicai, DENG Wenjun, WANG Wei, YU Chunqiang, WANG Jun Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 16-23.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0147 Abstract + (142)    HTML (4)    PDF (1355KB) (100)       Knowledge map    To explore the effects of densification on the distribution of light andnitrogen, photosynthetic characteristics, dry matter accumulation and output value of flue-cured tobacco canopy in Shaoguan tobacco-growing area, four densities (M1:10500 plants/hm2, M2:13500 plants/hm2, M3:16500 plants/hm2, M4:19500 plants /hm2) of ‘Yueyan 97’ were set to determine the light resources and nitrogen distribution, pigment content, dry matter accumulation and economic properties of different canopy. The results showed that with the increase of density, the light transmittal rate of different canopy decreased and the chlorophyll content was increased. Compared with M1 treatment, the upper leaf chlorophyll of M4 treatment increased by 26.31% at 80d, and the increase of Chlb was greater than that of Chla. Photosynthetic characteristics and nitrogen are important indexes of crop carbon and nitrogen metabolism. As density increased, photosynthetic rate of tobacco plant decreased, compared with M1 treatment, the upper leaves of M4 treatment decreased by 32.16% to 35.83%. The Ci, Tr and Gs increased first and then decreased, while nitrogen concentration showed a decreasing trend, but there was no significant difference between middle and upper leaves of M4, M3 and M2 treatment at different periods. When the density was 16500 plants/hm2, the dry matter accumulation in leaf organs of ‘Yueyan 97’ reached the maximum, and the highest yield and economic benefit were obtained. Compared with the density of 10500 plants/hm2, the yield and output value were significantly increased. Reasonable dense planting of ‘Yueyan 97’ could resist the decline of photosynthetic rate under weak light stress by reducing chlorophyll degradation and improving nitrogen distribution in middle and upper leaves, promoted the dry matter accumulation ability of tobacco plant population, and obtained higher tobacco yield and output value.

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  Development Status and Technical Trend of New Energy Power & Intelligence Tractors TIAN Ruifeng, ZHANG Cheng, YANG Xiao Journal of Agriculture    2025, 15 (2): 81-88.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0280 Abstract + (140)    HTML (2)    PDF (1865KB) (194)       Knowledge map    As universal power machinery in the field of green agriculture, the power transmission configuration of new energy & intelligent tractors (NI Tractors) simplifies the mechanical system. It makes easier for the machine to achieve digital control and possessing new characteristics of agricultural modernization. New energy intelligent tractors are more likely to promote the integration of facilities, agronomy, and agricultural machinery into a digital intelligent model, thereby creating comprehensive benefits for facility agriculture in desert and gobi. The new energy intelligent tractor industry can also drive the emerging industry chain of agricultural machinery chip manufacturing, permanent magnet synchronous motors, power batteries, and other fields, thus possessing the characteristics of modern and new quality productivity in agriculture. The process of independent development of new energy tractor technology in China is carried out at the same time as that of foreign countries, and some technologies have reached the level of parallel and leading. It is necessary to timely summarize the development characteristics of new energy intelligent tractor technology to help China agriculture achieve stable and far-reaching development. The study first introduces the definition, characteristics, and scenarios of new energy tractors, and discusses their significance for Chinese style development in areas such as dual carbon goals, green agriculture, overtaking on curves, industrial economy, and cultural heritage; secondly, it introduces the current situation of new energy tractor products at home and abroad, and explains the development trend of key technologies such as power management, drive systems, one source for multi use, and smart source electric connection; finally, the development vision and docking suggestions for new energy tractors are proposed. This article summarizes the future development trends of tractor energy greening, autonomous operation intelligence, and integration of facility farmland agricultural machinery, helping to construct a zero carbon agricultural machinery theoretical system and implement zero carbon agricultural machinery product technology, providing reference for the modernization of China's agricultural machinery development.

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  Effect of Ecological Substrate Ratio on Growth of Strawberry YAO Guijun, WANG Gaigai, ZHOU Jun, SONG Yun, FAN Yuan Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 73-76.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0152 Abstract + (139)    HTML (9)    PDF (1230KB) (115)       Knowledge map    The paper aims to clarify the effects of different ecological substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries, and to provide scientific basis for strawberry quality enhancement and organic product development. ‘Sweet Charlie’ strawberry was used as the test material, and sheep manure, mushroom slag, straw and grass charcoal were mixed and blended into the cultivation substrate according to different volume ratios, and the effects of different substrate ratios on the growth of strawberries were comparatively analyzed. The results showed that the physicochemical properties of different ecological substrates were suitable for the growth of strawberries, and the growth potential of strawberry plants was the strongest under treatment Ⅲ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: coconut husk=1:2:1), followed by treatmentⅠ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal: straw=1:1:1:1) and Ⅳ (sheep manure: mushroom slag: grass charcoal=2:2:1). The strawberry growth under treatment Ⅴ (sheep manure: mushroom slag=1:2) was the weakest.

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  Field Efficacy Evaluation of Spinosyn 20% SC Control Spodoptera frugiperda in Maize XIE Xianbiao, MENG Jizhi, SHEN Yunfeng, YIN Xiaoqing, WANG Zhenyong, JIANG Jiwei, CHEN Xingjian, LU Fengshu, YANG Liping, ZHAO Guoan Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 18-23.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0150 Abstract + (138)    HTML (4)    PDF (1232KB) (135)       Knowledge map    In order to further explore the safety of spinosyn in maize, the control effect, duration, field usage and dosage on Spodoptera frugiperda, and to screen out effective, safe and environmentally friendly agents for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda, Spinosyn 20% SC 150 mL/hm2, 225 mL/hm2, 300 mL/hm2, emamectin benzoate 5% ME 300 mL/hm2, indoxacarb 15% SC 225 mL/hm2, chlorantraniliprole 200 g/L SC 225 mL/hm2, were used to carry out the field plot efficacy test. The result showed that spinosyn 20% SC was safe to maize and had a good control effect on Spodoptera frugiperda. With the increase of the dosage per hectare, the control effect and duration increased. The control effect of spinosad 225 g / hm2 and 300 g / hm2 was more prominent, and the control effect was more than 90 % after 1-3 days of the first and second times, the control effect was above 75% after 14 days, and the seedling protection effect was still above 80% after 14 days. In addition, 21 days after the second dose, the control effect was still over 70%, and the seedling protection effect was more than 60%. The harm index of Spodoptera frugiperda to corn under the two treatments was 13.18-14.30, the harm level was controlled within level 2, and the damage degree of corn occurred lightly. It is recommended to use spinosyn 20% SC for controlling Spodoptera frugiperda of maize, with the dosage of 225 mL/hm2. In the corn seedling stage, it can be sprayed once, and in the corn trumpet stage, it can be used to mix sand and spread it once.

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  Effects of Different Seed Coating Formulations on Growth of Rapeseed LI Lingyu, CHEN Zhan, ZHOU Yuying, DING Fei, WANG Guohuai, ZHANG Zhenqian Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (10): 1-5.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0271 Abstract + (138)    HTML (5)    PDF (1244KB) (88)       Knowledge map    To improve the quality of seeds, realize the standardization of seeds, and promote the increase of rapeseed yield, the effects of different drug varieties on the growth of rapeseed were explored by pelletizing coating of rapeseed seeds in this study. Among them, the effects of pelletized seed coating agent (NXY-1) and Switzerland suspension seed coating agent (SLS) coated with different drug ratios on the seedling growth of rapeseed were studied using Brassica napus 'Fan-ming No. 1' as the test material. The results showed that the optimal seed mass ratio was 1:300 in the pelletized seed coating agent NXY-1, and the pelletized seed coating agent could promote seed emergence, with the highest dry-to-fresh weight ratio before winter and full flowering stage, and the nitrogen and phosphorus content and potassium content were the highest 21 days after emergence compared with the control, which could effectively increase the contents of chlorophyll and gibberellin, and the effect was better than that of the imported seed coating agent SLS.

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  Effects of Topping Time and Method on Economic Traits and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco WU Wenxin, LI Sijun, TAN Zhipeng, ZONG Yi, HE Mingyu, PAN Feilong, BI Yiming, JIANG Zhimin, CHEN Tao, XIA Bing, CHENG Mingzhu, DENG Xiaohua Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (8): 9-15.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0154 Abstract + (137)    HTML (4)    PDF (1238KB) (65)       Knowledge map    In order to clarify the effects of topping time and topping method on the yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, a field experiment was carried out in Guiyang, Chenzhou. The experiment was the two-factor split-plot test, and set C1 (topping at budding), C2 (topping at the opening of the central flower), C3 (topping at the opening of the full flower) and D1 (removing the flower without young leaves), D2 (removing the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower), D3 (removing the top 4 adjacent young leaves on the flower). The effects of different treatments on the economic traits, physical characteristics, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco ‘Yunyan 87’ were analyzed. The results showed that with the delay of topping time, the proportion of superior tobacco, average price, yield, output value and smoking quality of flue-cured tobacco increased first and then decreased. The length, thickness and leaf area quality of upper leaves increased, and the contents of total nitrogen and nicotine increased. With the increase of young leaves removed by topping, the proportion of superior leaves increased first and then decreased, while the output value decreased first and then increased, and the length, thickness and leaf area quality of upper, middle and lower leaves increased, the leaf area index of middle leaves increased, and the contents of nicotine, total sugar and reducing sugar increased. Under the interaction of topping time and topping method, the economic traits of the treatment of topping without removing young leaves when the central flower was open were the best, the physical characteristics of the treatment of removing the top adjacent 4 young leaves on the flower when the bud was open were the best, and the sensory quality of the treatment of removing the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower when the central flower was open was the best. Therefore, it is more than suitable for ‘Yunyan 87’ to remove the top adjacent 2 young leaves on the flower when the central flower is open.

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  Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality and Analysis of Obstacle Factors in Arong Banner Black Soil Area at Southern Foot of Daxing’an Mountains LIU Yajie, LIU Zhanyong, ZHANG Xiangqian, LU Zhanyuan, CHI Wenfeng, CHENG Yuchen, ZHANG Dejian, SUN Feng, LIU Lingyue, LAN Huiqing, BAI Dongxing Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (7): 58-66.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0143 Abstract + (136)    HTML (4)    PDF (1943KB) (120)       Knowledge map    It is of great significance for the cultivated land differentiated utilization and agricultural sustainable development to clarify farmland quality grade and obstacle factors. In this paper, the soil of farmland in Arong Banner was the research object, GPS was used for fixed-point information collection, and the weights and membership of each index were calculated by expert scoring and hierarchical analysis. And a soil fertility grade evaluation system with 16 indicators as the core was constructed, which studied cultivated land grade and quantitative obstacle factors, and the land distribution and the main obstacle factors of cultivated land at each grade were analyzed. The results showed that the cultivated land could be divided into eight grades according to the comprehensive index range of cultivated land quality grade (IFI value). The area of first to fourth class cultivated land accounted for 95.70% of the total cultivated land area of Arong Banner. Microbial diversity, irrigation and drainage capacity and forest network were the main obstacles to agricultural production in this region. In order to improve the production capacity of cultivated land in the black soil area of Arong Banner at the southern foot of the Daxing’an Mountains, the protection of cultivated land from grade one to four should be taken into account. The area of fifth to eighth class cultivated land only accounted for 4.30%. Technical modes such as converting farmland to grass or forest or grain and grass rotation could be implemented to restore the ecological environment and improve the fertility of cultivated land in fifth to eighth class cultivated land.

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  Effects of Co-pyrolysis Biochar on Remediation of Cadmium Pollution in Farmland Soil and Absorption and Accumulation of Cadmium in Rice CHEN Wei, YU Qian, YE Zhengqian, SHI Yanping Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (9): 17-23.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0196 Abstract + (133)    HTML (5)    PDF (1204KB) (153)       Knowledge map    Cadmium (Cd) pollution in farmland soil seriously affects the quality of cultivated land and food security. To provide new materials for the remediation of Cd pollution in farmland soil, the effects of co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd absorption and accumulation in rice and soil improvement were investigated by preparation and application of co-pyrolysis biochar. Field experiments were conducted to investigate the effects of three different amounts of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar on Cd transport and migration characteristics and bioavailability in various organs of rice. The results showed that the application of co-pyrolysis biochar could reduce the accumulation of Cd in rice grains, reduce the toxicity to rice plants, increase soil fertility and promote the growth of rice. Compared with no co-pyrolysis biochar addition, the soil pH of biochar treatment increased by 0.06-0.12 units, and the contents of alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen, available phosphorus and available potassium increased by 37.20%-78.27%, 49.62%-134.10% and 20.79%-35.26%, respectively. After adding co-pyrolysis biochar, the available Cd content in soil decreased significantly by 11.11%-26.98% (P<0.05), and the Cd content in rice grain decreased significantly by 23.46%-47.49% (P<0.05). The application of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar in the field can improve soil fertility, soil environmental quality, and reduce Cd content in rice grains. The effect was most significantly when the amount of peanut shell-corn straw co-pyrolysis biochar was 15 t/hm2.