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  Present Situation and Development Trend of Silage Corn Industry in China WANG Xiaoguang, SHI Guiqing, LIU Chunge, WU Peng, WANG Ronghuan, SHAN Hong, FENG Peiyu, CHENG Guanglei Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 20-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0118 Abstract + (637)    HTML (20)    PDF (1114KB) (282)       Knowledge map    Silage corn has the reputation of "the king of feed", and generally accounts for about 80% of roughage in the diet formula of dairy cows in developed countries such as the United States. In recent years, the planting area of silage corn has shown a rapid upward trend. In 2016, the planting area of silage corn in China was about 1 million hectares, reaching 1.67 million hectares in 2018, and increasing to more than 2 million hectares in 2020. The number of silage corn approved varieties has also shown explosive growth, with 7 national and provincial silage corn approved varieties in 2016 and a peak of 50 in 2019. From the analysis of planting costs and profits in the national survey, the benefits of planting silage corn are relatively considerable. China has initially formed circular industrial chains such as silage corn seed enterprises, silage production enterprises, and silage consumption enterprises and so on, but there is still a lack of powerful functional departments and industrial organizations to promote the rapid development of the industry. An authoritative evaluation and pricing mechanism for silage corn products beyond the interests of industrial chains has not been established yet. With the continuous improvement of the breeding level of animal husbandry in China, people have gradually enhanced their understanding of the "double-high crops" of the utilization rate and transformation efficiency of whole plant silage corn. On the basis of becoming the main diet of dairy cows, silage corn will further become a high-quality feed for ruminants such as beef cattle and sheep, and the silage corn industry will usher in a new wave of development.

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  Research Status and Trend of Maize Planting Density and Yield LI Jiahang, WANG Shaoxin, XU Luo, LI Zhongjian, WANG Baobao, FENG Jianying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 1-11.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0157 Abstract + (312)    HTML (17)    PDF (3278KB) (173)       Knowledge map    To have a comprehensive and in-depth understanding of the current situation and development trend of researches on maize planting density and yield at home and abroad, 5150 pieces of literature on maize planting density and yield collected from the CNKI database and Web of Science Core Collection database from 2000 to 2022 were taken as samples for visual analysis based on CiteSpace software. The results showed that the United States ranked first in the total research volume in this field, followed by China, far beyond other countries. In recent years, China had overtaken the United States in the number of research papers in this field, and kept more than 100 articles published every year. Agronomy Journal had the largest number of publications, with a total of 230 papers, and had the largest influence in academic circles. Chinese scholar Liu Peng published the most papers, made the greatest contribution to the research progress in this field, and cooperated closely with other authors. The research institutions were mainly universities, mostly in northern China, and the cooperation among regional institutions needed to be strengthened. In this field, special corn such as fresh food and silage corn, water and nitrogen utilization efficiency, sustainable agriculture, mechanized management, soil properties, yield loss, mathematical model, straw utilization, and so on are the hot research issues in recent years.

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  Carotenoids’ Contents in Different Wheat Varieties: Comparative Analysis SUN Xin, CUI Zhengyong, LI Xinhua, YANG Zaidong, LIU Ying, SUN Mingzhu, ZHANG Tianyu, LI Peng, SONG Huadong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 1-4.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0040 Abstract + (286)    HTML (12)    PDF (1342KB) (163)       Knowledge map    Carotenoids are important factors affecting the color and nutritional quality of wheat flour and flour products. They have functions such as antioxidant, cancerprevention, and night blindness prevention. In order to study the contents of carotenoids among different wheat varieties, ‘19Q1121’, ‘Luyuan 502’, ‘Jimai 22’, ‘Luyan 128’, ‘Luyuan 309’ were used to determine the composition and content of carotenoids by Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography (UPLC) and Tandem Mass Spectrometry (MS/MS). The results show that the main components of carotenoids are lutein, zeaxanthins, canthaxanthin, lutein palmitate, lutein dipalmitate, lutein oleic acid ester, etc. Among them, the content of lutein in ‘Luyuan 309’is 7.45 μg/g, which is significantly higher than that of other varieties. In this experiment, the method for cultivating new wheat varieties with high carotenoid content was obtained, which could lay a foundation for improving the nutritional quality of wheat.

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  Allelopathic Effects of Water Extracts from Millet on Seed Germination and Seedling Growth of Giant Foxtail ZHAO Na, LI Guoyu, LI Guoqing, CONG Xinjun Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (4): 1-6.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0078 Abstract + (238)    HTML (4)    PDF (1290KB) (27)       Knowledge map    In order to explore the allelopathy between millet and giant foxtail growth, the effects of different concentrations of water extracts on foxtail millet seed germination and seedling growth were studied by using‘Jinxuan 6’and ‘Setaria viridis’ as experimental materials. The results showed that different concentrations of water extracts have‘low promotion and high inhibition’on seed germination and seedling growth. Compared with the control, the emergence rate was decreased by 13.888%, and the allelopathic index was -0.139 under the treatment of original solution. The comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were -0.070 and -0.034 under the treatment of original solution and 10 times diluted solution, which showed allelopathic inhibition, meanwhile the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were lower than those of the control. The emergence rate was increased by 33.333% and 11.117% under the treatment of 50 and 100 times diluted solution, and the comprehensive indexes of root length, bud length, fresh weight and dry weight were 0.275 and 0.153, which showed allelopathic promotion. Among them, the 50 times diluted solution had the strongest promotion, the total length, leaf area, chlorophyll content and SOD of plant were significantly different from the control. The millet field is often accompanied by a large number of giant foxtail, the results will provide a theoretical basis for removing the giant foxtail at the seedling stage.

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  Preliminary Screening of Soybean Varieties Suitable for Intercropping with Corn in Zibo LIU Weixia, LU Duxu, LU Zhenyu, ZHANG Chao, ZHAI Jiqing, ZHAI Naijia, WANG Guangming Journal of Agriculture    2024, 14 (4): 7-13.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0073 Abstract + (236)    HTML (2)    PDF (1344KB) (28)       Knowledge map    The aim is to promote the healthy and stable development of the corn industry, adjust and optimize the corn planting structure, enrich diversified planting patterns in Zibo City, and achieve the purpose of green, high-quality and efficient production. This study analyzed the comprehensive performance of intercropping between the same corn variety and different soybean varieties, and selected suitable soybean varieties for local intercropping cultivation preliminarily. The results showed that under the same meteorological environment, the incidence of northern leaf blight and smut of maize in intercropping mode was mild, and there was little difference in other characters. The growth period of early maturing and shade tolerant soybean varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ was 1-3 days shorter than other varieties. They had strong resistance to Riptortuspedestris, moderate and stable main stem height, node number, and bottom pod height. The grain weight per plant was 0.53-1.72 g higher than other varieties, and the yield was 88.81-214.59 kg/hm2 higher than other varieties. Overall, varieties such as ‘Hedou 23’, ‘Hedou 12’, and ‘Qihuang 34’ were suitable for intercropping of corn and soybean in Zibo region.

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  Research Progress and Prospects of Circadian Clock in Lepidoptera QUAN Linfa, YAO Qiong, DONG Yizhi, XU Shu, CHI Yanyan, CHEN Bingxu Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (9): 38-45.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0097 Abstract + (215)    HTML (7)    PDF (1940KB) (167)       Knowledge map    A long period of evolution causes obviously diurnal and seasonal rhythmic changes in insect life and behavior-circadian clock. At present, Lepidoptera is the most species-rich group of insects, including about 160000 identified species of butterflies and moths, and nearly 70% of the important major agricultural and forestry pests belong to Lepidoptera. The research progress of the circadian clock in Lepidoptera is of great significance for in-depth analysis of variable physiological and behavioral regulation mechanisms of Lepidoptera, effective development of the production of economic insects, and the control of agricultural and forestry pests. In this paper, the effects of the circadian clock on hatching, eating, growth, metamorphosis, reproduction and diapause, courtship behavior and migration in Lepidoptera were summarized. And the critical research advances of molecular regulation of circadian clock and coordinated regulation of circadian clock and endocrine hormones in Lepidoptera were particularly described. Based on the circadian clock principle, we discussed the co-evolutionary relationship between Lepidoptera and plants and its important ecological implications, and the application prospect of circadian clock theory in agricultural pest control and economic insect rearing improvement.

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  Research Progress of Breeding Model, Method and Regionalization of Konjac Seed Taro CAI Yangguang, DUAN Longfei, QIN Jianfeng, GUO Bangli, CHEN Guo’ai, ZHANG Bairen Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (10): 1-7.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0147 Abstract + (214)    HTML (9)    PDF (1327KB) (119)       Knowledge map    This paper summarizes the main breeding models, methods and regionalization of konjac seed taro in China, including breeding models of field, understory, facility and courtyard breeding, breeding methods of using rhizomes or corms, cuttings, plant tissue culture and seed breeding, and 4 main regions and 6 sub-regions of Konjac seed breeding. Based on the review, the paper proposes suggestions including reasonable layout of konjac varieties under different climate conditions, innovative development of economic forest, fruit forest and breeding facilities suitable for interplanting konjac; integrates mountain konjac cultivation techniques to prevent drought and waterlogging, biological diversity and multi-dimensional interplanting technology for weed prevention and control, and konjac - soybean - corn strip interplanting technology. The above results improve and innovate the breeding mode and method of konjac seed taro, and expand the suitable planting area of konjac, in order to promote the development of konjac industry in the mountainous area of southwest China.

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  Stress Resistance of Cotton: Establishing the Identification Technical Standard System ZHENG Shufeng, WANG Yanqin, XU Daoqing, PENG Jun, KAN Huachun, LIU Xiaoling, WANG Wei, CHEN Min, LI Shuying Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 5-10.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0087 Abstract + (204)    HTML (8)    PDF (1278KB) (127)       Knowledge map    Cotton is a major cash crop in China, which is widely distributed, has a long production cycle and is greatly affected by abiotic stresses. Breeding and screening cotton varieties with strong stress resistance are the main ways to reduce stress disasters, and the study on abiotic stress resistance identification techniques and standards of cotton varieties is crucial. For this purpose, this paper summarized basic methods of crop stress resistance identification at home and abroad in recent years, as well as the identification contents, identification periods, identification methods, identification indicators and stress determination levels of five common and frequent abiotic stresses (ecological stresses) of cotton, such as drought, waterlogging, salinization, high temperature and heat injury, and cold and chilly injury. The paper also summed up basic principles, framework and content for formulating stress identification standards and establishing the standard system. The basic ideas for further research are proposed, mainly including fast, convenient and non-destructive stress resistance identification based on new technologies such as Spectrum/Hyperspectrum, stress resistance identification under complex stresses, and direct location of relevant stress resistance genes by molecular biology for identifying stress resistance.

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  Effects of Maize and Soybean Intercropping on Agronomic, Quality and Yield Traits of Soybean ZHAO Xiaoguang, ZHAO Xingzhong, LIU Haomeng, XIAO Jinping, ZHANG Pu, ZHANG Yalei, WANG Liping Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (8): 18-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0022 Abstract + (196)    HTML (9)    PDF (1189KB) (125)       Knowledge map    In order to expound the changing rules of agronomic traits, quality traits and yield traits of soybean varieties under maize and soybean intercropping mode, 7 soybean varieties and maize variety 'Shandan 650' were selected for intercropping, and the differences of various traits of soybean varieties under the intercropping and the monocropping modes were analyzed. The results showed that the plant height, pod height and nodes on main stem of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, but the pod number per plant and pod density of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, and the growth period of intercropping soybeans were longer than that of monocropping soybeans; the crude fat and protein of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans, the content of saturated fatty acid of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans, but the content of linoleic acid and linolenic acid of intercropping soybeans were higher than that of monocropping soybeans; the grain weight per plant, number of grains per plant and number of grains per pod of intercropping soybeans were lower than that of monocropping soybeans. The changing rules of 100-grain weight were not consistent among different varieties. The average yield of 7 soybean varieties under intercropping mode was 49.88% lower than that under monocropping mode. Through the analysis of various traits, it provided strong support for us to select suitable soybean varieties in different regions for maize and soybean compound planting.

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  Effect of Key Water in Drip Irrigation Under Plastic Film on Quality and Yield of Winter Potato YIN Yamin, KONG Weibo, FAN Chunmei, PENG Errui Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 11-16.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0072 Abstract + (181)    HTML (4)    PDF (1281KB) (115)       Knowledge map    The growth period of winter potato in Yunnan is in dry season, and the crop water demand is difficult to be fully guaranteed. Crop water demand can be supplemented by irrigation, but the impact of irrigation time and irrigation volume on crop growth and development is not clear. By using drip irrigation under film, different irrigation treatments were carried out at full seedling stage, flowering stage and starch accumulation stage of winter potato to find the optimum irrigation time and volume. The results showed that when the irrigation was carried out twice at full seedling stage and flowering stage and the irrigation amount was 72 m3/hm2 each time, the winter potato yield was the highest (58790 kg/hm2), the commercial potato rate was the best (95.6%), and the economic benefit was the optimal (84059.71 kg/hm2). The experiment verified that the critical irrigation period of winter potato in Yunnan is full seedling stage and flowering stage, and the irrigation amount of 72 m3/hm2 each time is the best irrigation amount of key water for winter potato cultivation.

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  The Application of Digital Agriculture Technology in Intelligent Management of Agro-Product Quality and Safety YANG Ling Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 97-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0152 Abstract + (173)    HTML (13)    PDF (1025KB) (159)       Knowledge map    Digital agriculture is the development trend of agricultural modernization. Based on the current situation of management of agro-product quality and safety, this paper expounds that digital agricultural technology can be applied in the quality control of the production process, improvement of supervision efficiency and market information services to promote management of agro-product quality and safety. The realistic challenges are analyzed in this paper, and some suggestions are put forward, including unified information management of agro-product producers, emphasizing key points, developing classified guidance of agro-product producers and strengthening technical support.

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  Effects of Food Waste Soil Conditioners on Soil Physicochemical Properties and Rice Yield LI Dan, WANG Jingwen, YUAN Hangjie, SHANG Xiaolan, HUANG Yue, WEI Jiqian Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 39-42.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0080 Abstract + (171)    HTML (5)    PDF (1138KB) (93)       Knowledge map    By studying the comprehensive application effects of food waste soil conditioners on soil quality and crop growth, we aim to provide technical support for high and stable yield of rice. Different application rates on improving soil physicochemical properties and rice yield were discussed by plot field experiments. The results showed that food waste soil conditioners could effectively improve soil pH, and significantly increase the contents of soil organic matter, total nitrogen and available phosphorus. However, the soil total water-soluble salt content showed an upward trend with the increase of the conditioner application rate, so there was a risk of salinity accumulation. In addition, due to the high nitrogen content of the conditioner, high application rate could cause rice over-green and lodging, resulting in yield reduction. Comprehensive analysis of soil improvement, salinity accumulation and rice yield, T3 (conditioner rate of 15000 kg/hm2 + fertilizer) and T4 (conditioner rate of 30000 kg/hm2 + fertilizer) had better effects.

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  Analysis of the Effect of Green Production Behavior of Apple Growers on Increasing Income based on New Media Marketing CHEN Houhua, XU Jin, LI Meifang Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 94-100.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0049 Abstract + (164)    HTML (2)    PDF (1305KB) (146)       Knowledge map    Based on the field survey data of 405 apple farmers in Yantai City, Shandong Province, this paper empirically analyzes the impact of green production behavior adoption on income and the mesomeric effect of new media marketing in the process of green production behavior income increase, and discussed the differences and mechanisms of the impact of green production behavior adoption on different income farmers. Research has found that the adoption of green production behavior can significantly increase the income of apple growers, which means that the adoption of green production behavior has a significant positive impact on the income increase effect of farmers, and the income increase effect for low-income farmers is significantly higher than that of high-middle income farmers. New media marketing is an intermediary variable that promotes the green production behavior of apple growers to increase their income. Its indirect impact accounts for 53.49%, indicating that the more channels farmers adopt new media marketing, the stronger the positive impact on the income increase effect of farmers. Therefore, to enhance the income increasing effect of green production behavior among farmers, it is necessary to strengthen policy support and participation in new media marketing, enhance the accuracy of policy assistance, in order to achieve increasing income and prosperity for farmers.

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  Effects of the Maturity of the Upper Tobacco Leaves in One-time Harvest on Physical Characteristics ZHANG Wenjun, GUO Song, YANG Liu, XIONG Chengliang, ZHANG Qingfu, YAO Weiyuan, HE Jiguang, ZHENG Hongbin, ZHANG Cheng, WANG Wei, JIANG Zhimin, PAN Feilong, ZHU Lin, LI Qilin, DENG Xiaohua Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 80-85.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0075 Abstract + (159)    HTML (4)    PDF (1403KB) (78)       Knowledge map    To clarify the suitable harvest maturity of upper tobacco leaves in Ningxiang, ‘Yunyan 87’ was used to design three treatments of low maturity (M1), medium maturity (M2) and high maturity (M3), the effects of different harvest maturity on the physical characteristics of tobacco leaves were studied, the fuzzy evaluation method was used to comprehensively evaluate the test results, and the effects of harvest maturity, leaf position and their interaction on physical characteristics of tobacco leaves were studied by η2 value analysis. The results showed that with the delay of the harvest time of upper leaves, the stem ratio of upper leaves decreased, while the leaf thickness increased. Compared with those of M1 and M3, the single leaf weight of M2 was 7.64% and 12.79% higher, the leaf thickness was 11.70% and -14.37% higher, the stem ratio was -4.54 and 1.33 percentage points higher, the equilibrium moisture content was 0.14 and 2.86 percentage points higher, the leaf specific weight was 14.59% and 39.81% higher, and the physical characteristic index was 7.31% and 7.01% higher, respectively. The effect of harvest time on the physical characteristics of upper tobacco leaves was 35.04%, and the effect of leaf position was 29.98%. The interaction effect of harvest time and leaf position was 34.98%. The effect of harvest maturity on physical characteristics was leaf specific weight> leaf thickness> stem ratio> equilibrium moisture content> single leaf weight. The leaf appearance characteristics on the 13th leaf position for suitable harvest maturity were as follows, the leaf surface turned yellow by 70%-80%, most of the midrib fell off, the leaf surface was shiny, wrinkled, and little sticky feeling. The main vein turned white by 4/5, and the branch vein turned white by 1/2. The leaf margin was curled and wrinkled, the leaf tip showed a downward hook, and the mature spots appeared on leaves.

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  Study on the Construction of a Comprehensive Index Identification and Evaluation of Water Saving and Drought Resistance of Hybrid Rice Combinations KANG Haiqi, SUN Xiaowen, WANG Shimei, HE Fang, ZENG Yongxuan, QIN Rongmin, HAN Youxue, KANG Jiarong, ZENG Lin, ZHANG Hong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (8): 1-10.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0223 Abstract + (158)    HTML (10)    PDF (1405KB) (108)       Knowledge map    A gradient quantitative water control experiment was conducted with six hybrid rice combinations to simplify the technical system of the comprehensive evaluation of water conservation and drought resistance of hybrid rice combinations and their application in breeding. Observation records and traditional seed testing methods were employed to obtain yield data and other agronomic parameters. Based on the mapping and area algorithm of drought resistance index of each trait, five composite indexes of drought resistance involving multi gradient and multi traits were constructed by using five primary trait indexes, including yield and its component traits, sowing to heading days and harvest index. The five composite indexes were Y-PFK (the index of yield and its component), Y-HDD (the index of yield and the delayed effect of heading date), Y-HI (the index of yield and harvest index), CI1 (the comprehensive index 1) and CI2 (the comprehensive index 2). Each combination's five composite indexes were computed, and their mapping was analyzed. The results have shown that CI1, CI2, Y-PFK positively impacted the tested combinations' comprehensive evaluation of water conservation and drought resistance and were consistent with the actual field experience observation. The comprehensive evaluation of water conservation and drought resistance of the six hybrid rice combinations were as follows: ‘Hanliangyou 8' > (‘Yayou Hanhe' > ‘Hanyou 737') > (‘Hanyou 73' > ‘Quanyou 116' > ‘Quan 9you 86'). The research findings demonstrate that the multi-gradient and multi-traits composite indexes of drought resistance, Y-PFK, CI1 and CI2, are appropriate for comprehensively evaluating rice's water conservation and drought resistance. These are simplified indicators for the comprehensive assessment and sequencing of water conservation and drought resistance of hybrid rice combinations by only using conventional seed testing data. These composite indexes can be applied to rice breeding for water conservation and drought resistance.

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  Effects of Planting Density and Fertilization Amount on Growth and Yield of Potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) in Cool Irrigation Area WANG Ping, XIE Chengjun, SUN Zhenrong, CHEN Juan, WANG Lei, PENG Wenjing Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 17-24.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0062 Abstract + (157)    HTML (5)    PDF (1841KB) (95)       Knowledge map    In order to clarify the effects of different fertilization rates (compound fertilizer) and planting densities on potato growth in cold irrigation area, the growth, water use efficiency (WUE) and yield of potato cultivar ‘Jizhangshu 12’ were studied by randomized block experiment. The study set up different densities (52500 plants/hm2, 60000 plants/hm2, 67500 plants/hm2 and 75000 plants/hm2) and different fertilizer application rates (600 kg/hm2, 1100 kg/hm2 and 1600 kg/hm2). The results showed that the growth period of potato was prolonged by increasing fertilizer application rate and shortened by increasing of planting density. The plant height, stem, diameter, leaf area index, and leaf SPAD value of potato were increased by increasing fertilizer application rate. With the increase of planting density, the plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato all increased first and then decreased. The effect order of fertilization amount and planting density on plant height, leaf SPAD value and yield of potato was fertilization amount>planting density. With the increase of the planting density and fertilization rate, the large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number, yield, and WUE of potato also showed a first increase and then decrease trend, the yield of potato was significantly and positively correlated with large-sized tuber yield, large-sized tuber number and WUE. The highest potato yield and WUE were found under the F2D3 treatment. Regression analysis revealed that the highest yield of 50255.98 kg/hm2 could be obtained under the combination of 1065.366 kg/hm2 fertilization rate and 67460.00 plants/hm2 planting density. The highest WUE of 110.456 kg/(hm2·mm) could be obtained under the combination of 1044.312 kg/hm2 fertilization rate and 65820.00 plants/hm2 planting density. The appropriate fertilization amount and planting density could increase the yield and WUE of potato, fertilization rate of 1044.312-1065.366 kg/hm2 and planting density of 65820-67460 plants/hm2 could achieve the synergistic increase of yield and water use efficiency. The model can be recommended as the high-yield and high-efficiency one for potato planting in cold and cool areas.

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  Effects of Different Planting Methods on Seedling Growth and Yield of Cyperus esculentus JIANG Shengxiu, ZHAO Peng, ZHU Shujuan Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 32-37.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0077 Abstract + (157)    HTML (4)    PDF (1283KB) (79)       Knowledge map    To investigate the effects of different planting methods on growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus, and provide a theoretical basis for scientific cultivation of Cyperus esculentus, using ‘Cyperus esculentus No.2’ as material, a two-factor field experiment design was conducted to study the effects of flat and ridge planting and row spacing of 30 cm, 60 cm and 90 cm on growth and yield of Cyperus esculentus. The results are as follows, (1) Compared with flat planting, ridge planting decreased soil bulk density in 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil layer, and increased soil water content and soil nutrient content. With the increase of row spacing, soil bulk density, soil water content and soil nutrient content decreased. (2) Under different planting methods, there was no significant difference of plant height (P>0.05), the root length of B1, B2 and B3 increased by 37.21%, 39.24% and 36.95% compared with that of A1, A2 and A3, respectively, the branch number increased by 95.56%, 62.09% and 28.48%, respectively, and the leaf area increased by 13.47%, 44.23% and 11.14%, respectively. There was no significant difference of root length, branch number and leaf area among A1, A2 and A3, and B1, B2 and B3 (P>0.05). (3) To compare B1 and A1, B2 and A2, and B3 and A3, the grain number per plant of the former increased by 26.58%, 7.71% and 17.34%, respectively; the grain yield per plant increased by 19.81%, 18.06% and 60.00%, and the total yield increased by 61.21%, 35.71% and 9.77%, respectively. Under the same planting method, the number of grains per plant, 100-grain weight, yield per plant and total yield increased first and then decreased with the increase of the row spacing. The total yield of B2 treatment was the highest (7635 kg/hm2), which was significantly higher than that of other treatments (P<0.05). In conclusion, ridge planting could improve soil structure, enhance soil fertilizer supply capacity, and is more conducive to the growth of Cyperus esculentus seedlings, and the row spacing of 60 cm could achieve the highest yield and is a good planting method.

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  The Current Situation and Challenge of Agricultural Science Popularization in China LI Yinqiu, GUAN Sijia, YANG Jinjin, MA Yixing Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (11): 88-94.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0024 Abstract + (155)    HTML (5)    PDF (1155KB) (223)       Knowledge map    Agricultural science popularization is not only an important bridge to realize the effective transformation of agricultural science and technology achievements, but also the key to realize the improvement of national agricultural scientific literacy. The purpose of this study is to explore the modernization development path of agricultural science popularization for different social groups in China, in order to provide feasible suggestions for the development of agricultural science popularization to meet multiple demands at the present stage. Based on the statistical data of China's science popularization in 2021, this paper analyzes the current status and problems of China's agricultural science popularization through horizontal and vertical comparison of science popularization data from the perspectives of talent team, communication channels, bases and funds. Generally, the development of agricultural science popularization in China is in a good direction on the whole. The teams, channels and bases have been greatly developed, but there are still deficiencies in the supply of science popularization content, interest, special facilities and the participation of multiple subjects. Therefore, to promote the development of agricultural science popularization in China, it is necessary to fully optimize the allocation of existing resources, improve the application of new media, and realize the multiple inputs of market entities and multi-party participation of agricultural science popularization talents.

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  Diagnosis of Bacterial Stem and Root Rot of Sweet Potato and Rapid Inspection of the Causal Pathogen by Microscope ZHANG Lili, WANG Li, XIE Guanlin, YU Shanhong Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (6): 32-38.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0117 Abstract + (154)    HTML (6)    PDF (2148KB) (111)       Knowledge map    To find out an inspection method suitable for primary plant quarantine station in origin area of bacterial stem and root rot of sweet potato caused by Dickeya dadantii, so that the disease can be effectively managed by limited dissemination and spread. The experiments were conducted by several years of field survey of the symptoms development and microscopic observation for the bacterial streaming of 306 stems and 270 other parts samples, and the results were compared and confirmed by traditional and molecular methods. The results showed that the symptom discriminating and microscopic observation for the bacterial streaming can accurately differentiate bacterial stem and root rot disease of sweet potato from other diseases caused by other pathogens. It was the best and effective time for microscopic observation of the bacterial streaming when the water-soaking symptom appeared at base of sweet potato plant in initial stage of the disease. Stem of sweet potato plant was the best position for microscopic observation of the bacterial streaming. The accuracy of initial symptom discriminating and microscopic observation for the bacterial streaming of the disease was more than 98% matched with traditional and molecular tests. It is an accurate, rapid, simple, visible, and suitable inspection method of bacterial stem and root rot disease of sweet potato for extension in primary plant quarantine stations in our country.

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  Research Progress and Prevention and Control Techniques of Pomegranate Freezing Injury WANG Qingjun Journal of Agriculture    2023, 13 (7): 70-74.   DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0081 Abstract + (154)    HTML (3)    PDF (1069KB) (159)       Knowledge map    Pomegranate freezing injury occurs from time to time in northern China, and it can be classified into different types as sudden-cooling in late autumn, low temperature in winter, and late spring coldness. The damage, causes and cold resistance evaluation of freezing injury were briefly described; summarized the impacts of different techniques, including cultivation management, variety selection, planting suitable species in suitable places, and planting in protected areas, on the prevention and control of freezing injury; and proposed countermeasures from variety selection, variety validation and construction of prevention and control systems.