Current issue

• 2020 Vol.10 No.10 Published:20 October 2020

  The Relationship Between Non-structural Carbohydrates and Rice Spikelet Formation: A Review Dong Minghui, Jiang Yi, Chen Peifeng, Zhao Buhong, Gu Junrong 2020, 10 (10):  1-6.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040021 Abstract + ( 836 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1214KB )   ( 559 ) To further study the mechanism of non-structural carbohydrates (NSC) during the differentiation and development of young panicles and the formation of spikelets in rice, this study comprehensively analyzed the characteristics of spikelet formation in rice, cleared the relationship between the differentiation and development of young panicle and the metabolism of assimilates, the relationship between the development of young panicle and non-structural carbohydrates, then discussed the relationship between sugar signal and hormone signal and its mechanism of regulating young panicle development is believed panicle. It is believed that the easy degeneration of secondary spikelets and the unstable number of grains per panicle of large panicle type rice are closely related to NSC. The regulating of soluble sugar and plant hormones play an important role in regulating the differentiation and development of young panicles. By studying the metabolic characteristics of NSC and the accumulation and decomposition of soluble sugar components, endogenous hormone level in rice spike, protein expression, key metabolic enzyme activity at the different spike developmental stages, and using the different panicle type rice varieties as materials, we could explore the internal relationship between sugar signal and hormone in NSC, and hormone balance related protein expression and metabolic enzyme activity and spike grain number, aiming to construct the cultivation techniques for promoting spikelet differentiation and reducing degradation by adjusting the NSC metabolic.

  Breeding and Trait Analysis of a New Drought-Resistant Wheat Variety ‘Xinmai 39’ Wang Yinghong, Cheng Yumin, Zhao Liangjin, Ma Huaping, Ma Xiaohong, Dong Yun 2020, 10 (10):  7-11.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040023 Abstract + ( 826 )   HTML ( 14 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 1787 ) To develop excellent germplasm resources for drought-resistant breeding of wheat and to make better use of existing drought-resistant varieties, the breeding process of a new drought-resistant wheat variety ‘xinmai39’ was expounded, and the high productivity of this variety was analyzed by using the gray correlation degree. The results showed that the weighted correlation degree of ‘xinmai39’ was higher than that of the CK ‘luohan7’ in the three groups of two growing seasons, which was consistent with the statistical analysis results. The grey correlation degree analysis was conducted on the yield and three yield components of ‘xinmai39’ within the same site in the three groups of two growing seasons. All results showed that the contribution of thousand kernel weight > spike numbers per hectare, and the contribution of grain number per spike to grain yield was different. Therefore, ‘xinmai39’ is a new drought-resistant variety with high productivity, which can be extended and applied in arid and semi-arid regions, and it is also a new drought-resistant germplasm resource.

  Ear Characters of Summer Maize: Response to Planting Density Liu Xingzhou, Li Meng, Chen Ruiji, Fu Hua, Ma Guimei, Zhou Yanhu, Zhang Jian 2020, 10 (10):  12-18.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700130 Abstract + ( 997 )   HTML ( 11 )   PDF ( 1267KB )   ( 504 ) To explore the response of ear characters of summer maize to different densities and the effect on yield composition, reveal the coordination relationship between ear characters, and provide a scientific basis for the high-yield dense-planting of new summer maize varieties, different density treatments were set up with ‘Hongda 216’ and ‘Kenfeng 101’ as experimental materials. Through determining ear row number, grain number per row and 1000-grain weight, the response of ear characters to planting density of summer maize was studied. The results showed that under different planting densities, the yield of each variety increased first and then decreased with the density, which was in line with the quadratic curve relationship. Correlation analysis showed that row number and ear length were extremely and significantly correlated with the yield, and the bald tip length was significantly correlated with the yield. The compact maize variety ‘Hongda 216’ had a very significant correlation between the ear row number and the yield, while the semi-compact maize variety ‘Kenfeng 101’ had a very significant correlation between the 1000-grain weight and the yield. Under the condition of rational close planting, it is easier to achieve high yield by coordinating the relationship between ear length, ear rows, row grains, and 1000-grain weight through fertilizer and water measures.

  Main Agronomic Traits of Millet Varieties in Shanxi: Correlation and Principal Component Analysis Yang Huiqing, Wang Genquan, Hao Xiaofen, Wang Xiaoyu, Cheng Qiaolin, Qin Yuzhong 2020, 10 (10):  19-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700145 Abstract + ( 711 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1180KB )   ( 542 ) To clarify the relationship among main agronomic traits of millet varieties in Shanxi, we analyzed 10 agronomic traits of 11 millet varieties by adopting the correlation analysis and principal component analysis. The results showed that: the variation range of agronomic traits was 1.94%-13.39%; the variation range of agronomic traits from big to small was single ear weight, grain weight per spike, yield, ear length, plant height, weight of thousand-grain, the number of days from emergence to heading, the number of days from heading to maturity, grain percentage and fertility period; 5 traits such as the number of days from heading to maturity, single ear weight, grain weight per spike, weight of thousand-grain and grain percentage were positively correlated with yield, among them, the number of days from heading to maturity was significantly and positively correlated with yield (P<0.05), the number of days from emergence to heading was significantly and negatively correlated with the number of days from heading to maturity (P<0.01), and the number of days from emergence to heading was significantly and positively correlated with fertility period (P<0.01). Among all the principal components’ analysis, the first three principal components were the focus, and their cumulative contribution rate to variance was 75.20%. In the comprehensive traits evaluation and breeding of high-yield varieties, grain weight per spike is the key to increase the yield, at the same time, comprehensive consideration should be paid to other traits, and varieties with high single ear weight, low plant height, moderate fertility period, ear length and grain percentage should be selected.

  Multi-site Comparative Tests of Oil Sunflower Varieties in Hebei Hu Yang, Bai Wei, Yang Sumei, Xu Guizhen, Geng Qingsong 2020, 10 (10):  24-29.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190600095 Abstract + ( 559 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1117KB )   ( 503 ) To select new varieties of oil sunflower suitable for different ecological regions in Hebei Province, multi-site comparative tests of oil sunflower varieties were carried out in Zhangjiakou, the high cold region of northern Hebei, Shijiazhuang, the Taihang mountain shallow hilly area in central and southern Hebei, and Raoyang county of Hengshui city, the Taihang mountain piedmont plain of southern Hebei, to analyze the main agronomic traits and yields of 9 oil sunflower varieties for the yielding ability and stability. The results showed that: (1) the growth periods of ‘F60’, ‘T562’ and ‘Precocious Dwarf Head’ were shorter than that of the control, while the others were longer than that of the control; (2) the plants of ‘Xinkui No.23’ and ‘Xinkui No.7’ were tall, and that of ‘Precocious Dwarf Head’ was relatively short; (3) grains of ‘T562’ were good, its 100-grain weight was the heaviest and seeds of ‘HZ001’ were small and light; (4) in terms of production, the yield of all tested varieties increased, among them, the fertility effects of ‘T562’ and ‘F60’ were the highest, the yield of ‘T562’ was the highest in Zhangjiakou and Shijiazhuang, and ‘F60’ had the highest yield in Raoyang; (5) ‘Xinkui No.7’ and ‘F60’ had the lowest variability and the strongest stability; ‘T562’, ‘F60’, ‘Xinkui No.7’ and ‘Gailiang No.7’ and ‘S667’ were suitable for Zhajiakou, and ‘F60’, ‘Precocious Dwarf Head’, ‘Xinkui No.7’, ‘HZ001’and ‘Xinkui No.23’ were suitable for Shijiazhuang and Raoyang; (6) the comprehensive evaluations of ‘T562’ and ‘F60’ were good, while those of ‘Precocious Dwarf Head’, ‘Xinkui No.7’, ‘HZ001’ and ‘Xinkui No.23’ were average, and the comprehensive evaluation of ‘Gailiang No.7’ and ‘S667’ were poor.

  Nitrogen Reducing Fertilization in Low Altitude Area of Ankang Under the Integration of Water and Fertilizer: Effect Study Zhao Peng, Xue Feng, Zhu Feng, Chen Changhai, Chen Renyi 2020, 10 (10):  30-35.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190900198 Abstract + ( 733 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1222KB )   ( 491 ) To study the effect of nitrogen reducing fertilization on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco under the integration of water and fertilizer in low altitude area of Ankang, taking the nitrogen fertilizer 90 kg N/hm2 (base fertilizer) as control (CK), we set 3 treatments with nitrogen reducing [75 kg N/hm2 (base fertilizer + drip irrigation fertilizer), 67.5 kg N/hm2 (base fertilizer + drip irrigation fertilizer) and 60 kg N/hm2 (drip irrigation fertilizer) to carry out the comparative experiment. The results showed that: (1) with the advance of growth process of tobacco, the difference of agronomic traits under different treatments had an increasing tendency; there was no significant difference among the treatments at rosette stage; the length of internode of N60 was the longest and the stem diameter of N60 was the shortest in the fast growing period, the joint speed of N60 was the fastest but the plant was not strong, the performance under N75 was the best; the difference at the top plate phase was N90=N75>N67.5=N60; (2) the difference between appearance quality and intrinsic quality of flue-cured tobacco under different treatments was N90=N75>N67.5>N60; the average price and sensory evaluation quality of N75 were the best; the difference of yield and output value was N90>N75>N67.5>N60. The dosages of nitrogen reduced by 16.7% compared with local conventional N application rate could have little effect on the production of flue-cured tobacco, and is beneficial to improving the quality of tobacco leaves; and the combined application of base fertilizer and water-soluble drip irrigation fertilizer is suitable for nitrogen reducing fertilization.

  Effect of Package Fertilizers on Yield, Quality and Profit of Kiwifruit Sun Xijun, Wang Hu, Lv Shuang, Cai Miao, Wang Xiaorong, Meng Jing, Wang An 2020, 10 (10):  36-40.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300055 Abstract + ( 610 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 1144KB )   ( 413 ) Gibon package fertilizers (T1), Xinjingu package fertilizers (T2) and Stanley compound fertilizers (CK, namely the conventional fertilization) were used to set up three fertilization treatments. The effects of different fertilization treatments on physical and chemical properties of soil, yield, quality and economic benefits of kiwifruit were studied by field experiment to provide certain references for the high quality and efficient production of kiwifruit in Zhouzhi County. The results showed that: (1) compared with CK, T1 and T2 treatments had no significant effect on soil bulk density and pH, but they were helpful to improve soil organic matter content and reduce soil electrical conductivity; (2) compared with CK, T1 and T2 treatments could increase kiwifruit weight and total yield, especially T2 treatment, which increased the weight of single fruit by 7.83% and the yield by 19.50%, respectively; (3) compared with CK, T1 and T2 treatments could improve the content of soluble solids and vitamin C in kiwifruit to some extent, especially T2 treatment had the best effect, the content of soluble solids and vitamin C in kiwifruit increased by 28.10% and 13.32%, respectively; (4) compared with CK, T1 and T2 increased the profit by 19.25% and 26.41%, respectively, and T2 increased the profit more significantly. On the whole, the application of the two kinds of package fertilizers, especially Xinjingu package fertilizers, can better realize the purpose of cost saving, benefit and income increasing.

  Remediation of Heavy Metal Contaminated Soil by Amaranthus hypochondriacus: Research Progress Gu Yu, Huang Tieping, Tang Zhenqi, Li Mingde, Wu Haiyong, Zhou Junyu, Liu Qiongfeng 2020, 10 (10):  41-45.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300051 Abstract + ( 769 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1175KB )   ( 1029 ) Amaranthus hypochondriacus is a kind of hyperaccumulator with fast growth, large biomass, high adaptability and high nutrient content, which is easy to be cultivated. It has good potential for remediation of heavy metal contaminated soil. This paper briefly described the characteristics, cultivation management, and the application value of A. hypochondriacus, summarized recent research progress of A. hypochondriacus on soil heavy metal accumulating cadmium, caesium, thallium, and combined remediation technology (additives, microorganisms, earthworms, agronomy measures). The existing problems of A. hypochondriacus in remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil and the methods for improving the remediation efficiency of A. hypochondriacus were also discussed, to provide theoretical reference for the application of A. hypochondriacus in remediation of heavy metal pollution in soil.

  Cultivated Land: Fallow Models and Their Realizing Routes Zhao Min, Huang Mingjing, Zhao Cong, Huang Xuefang 2020, 10 (10):  46-49.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200200019 Abstract + ( 610 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 983KB )   ( 408 ) Fallow system is an effective way to ensure the strategy of storing grain in land and technology, which s great strategic significance to the national food security. This paper summarized the background, specific implementation way and compensation method of the fallow system in United States, Europe and Japan, analyzed the uniqueness of cultivated land in resource-poor areas, destructed cultivated land areas, and weak ecological areas in China, and put forward corresponding improvement measures and fallow subsidy policies. By comparing the fallow models and analyzing the current domestic fallow system, the authors believe that the current domestic system should be enhanced by developing the prediction model, scientifically planning the fallow area, strengthening government supervision, changing current fallow subsidy mode, and motivating more research institutions and commercial companies to join in.

  Current Situation and Development Countermeasures of Rapeseed Industry in Chongqing Pi Jing, Huang Taocui, Huang Hualei, Tang Ligui, Hu Chengwei, Li Yanhua 2020, 10 (10):  50-54.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300044 Abstract + ( 630 )   HTML ( 21 )   PDF ( 1089KB )   ( 918 ) By the means of extensive collection of various information, this paper reviewed the status quo of the development of oilseed rape industry in Chongqing, summarized the constraints in terms of low planting benefits, weak industrialized management, and lagging brand building. Moreover, it analyzed favorable conditions and policies of planting foundation, comparative advantages, and planting space and opportunities for industrial pattern and planting structure. Therefore, we put forward suggestions including establishing high-quality oilseed rape industrial production bases, advancing farming system reform, improving the production mechanization rate, and accelerating the integration of agriculture and tourism development, aiming to provide intellectual support for the sustainable and healthy development of Chongqing’s oilseed rape industry.

  Current Situation of Shrimp and Crab Culture in Rudong Area of Jiangsu Province Song Hongqiao, Guan Chongwu, Zhang Yulei 2020, 10 (10):  55-59.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700097 Abstract + ( 593 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1081KB )   ( 1103 ) This paper reviews the present situation of aquaculture in Rudong area of Jiangsu Province. The main shrimp and crab culture species in this area were summarized, including Penaeus vannamei, Eriocheir sinensis, white backtail shrimp and comb crab. The current status of shrimp and crab culture in Rudong area was analyzed, so did the related problems of seed stock and diseases in the process of the sustainable development. Countermeasures were put forward, such as strengthening scientific culture management, introducing professional and technical personnel, enhancing scientific and technological services, adhering to ecological water-saving aquaculture mode, developing green shrimp and crab culture industry, building well-known brands, and promoting economic and social benefits.

  Application of Baicalin-Gingerol-Sodium Alginate-Sucrose Ester Composite Plastic Film in Egg Preservation Yin Jiaqi, Zhang Xiaohu, Gao Mengdie 2020, 10 (10):  60-68.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700098 Abstract + ( 560 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1996KB )   ( 652 ) This study aims to obtain the best formula of baicalin-gingerol-sodium alginate-sucrose ester composite preservative film. Taking fresh eggs as the test materials, on the basis of single factor test, response surface analysis method was used to optimize the formula of baicalin, gingerol, sodium alginate and sucrose ester compound preservative, and it was applied in the egg preservation test. The results showed that the compound preservative formula was baicalin concentration 1.90%, gingerol concentration 2.70%, sodium alginate concentration 1.45%, sucrose ester concentration 2.00%. Under these conditions, after eggs were stored at 37℃ for 25 days, their Haff unit was 69, yolk index was 0.38, and the weight loss rate was 4.8%, indicating that the composite preservative film had good preservation effect. The compound biological preservative film is environment-friendly, natural and with high quality, and can be used as a technique for egg storage and preservation.

  Vitellogenin (Vg) Gene Fragment from Apolyguslucorum (Meyer-Dür.): Cloning and Expression Levels in Different Habitats Zhang Weizhong, Hu Zengli, Liu Zhaohong, Han Feng, Zhao Longlong 2020, 10 (10):  69-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200291 Abstract + ( 446 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1622KB )   ( 670 ) To explore the effects of different orchard habitats on the reproduction of Apolyguslucorum (Meyer-Dür.), and determine the suitable spawning habitat of A.lucoruminthe orchard from a molecular perspective, a special lure was used to investigate the occurrence of A.lucorumin in jujube gardens and vineyards. By comparing the cDNA homologous sequences of Hemiptera, Orthoptera, Hymenoptera, Lepidoptera, etc., a pair of degenerate primers was designed according to gene conservation to clone vitellogenin (Vg) gene fragment, and the expressions of Vg gene in two habitats were detected by RT-PCR. The results showed that the occurrence of A.lucorum in jujube gardens was constantly higher than that in vineyards.There were three peaks in jujube gardens and two in vineyards. By gene cloning, a 732 bp gene sequence fragment was obtained which encoded 244 amino acids, and the homology of the gene sequence with other Vg gene amino acids sequences was above 80%. The cloned gene fragment was a A.lucoruminthe Vg gene fragment and was named AL-Vg. Comparison of Vg gene expression in different habitats shows that the jujube garden habitat is more suitable for the reproduction and spawning of A.lucorum.

  Quality Improvement of Fresh Rice Noodles by Salt Du Qiongyuan, Wang Xiaobin, Hu Yunfeng, Zhou Rui, Deng Min 2020, 10 (10):  76-82.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas19040005 Abstract + ( 594 )   HTML ( 7 )   PDF ( 2353KB )   ( 500 ) To improve the quality of fresh rice noodles, different adding amounts of salt were designed to optimize the production, and the optimal amount of salt was determined by cooking loss, texture characteristics, color, micro structure and paste properties of fresh rice noodles. The results showed that salt could improve the cooking quality and texture quality of fresh rice noodles. At the same time, the addition of salt decreased the cooking loss and broken rate of fresh rice noodles. Salt could also improve the fresh rice noodles’ elasticity and tensile properties, and decrease the shearing force and hardness. Compared with the control group, 4% salt added in fresh rice noodles could reduce the cooking loss to 50%, and the hardness by 11.6%; the L value and the whiteness value were the highest, which were 52.21 and 50.06, respectively, resulting in good color appearance. Meanwhile, the molecular pores of fresh rice noodles with 4% salt adding amount became smaller, and the network structure was uniform and dense. Therefore, the optimum dosage of salt is determined to be 4%.

  The Grading Determination of Rice Blast: HSV Color Space Method Based on Machine Vision Liu Yongbo, Lei Bo, Hu Liang, Tang Jiangyun, Cao Yan, Yin Yalin 2020, 10 (10):  83-90.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700108 Abstract + ( 764 )   HTML ( 13 )   PDF ( 1698KB )   ( 844 ) The purpose is to develop a grading system for the disease course of rice blast based on machine vision technology, so as to realize accurate and objective classification of the disease course of rice blast. Based on GrabCut, gaussian filter, OTSU binarization, color space conversion, threshold cutting, etc., an algorithm model of rice blast classification judgment was proposed. The algorithm model is implemented by OpenCV and python, and the reverse threshold cutting is taken as the core strategy to separate the leaves from the diseased spots, and then the percentage of diseased spots is calculated by the cyclic traversal model to realize the rapid and accurate classification of rice blast. The result of the algorithm model matches the manual judgment by professional researchers up to 95.77%. Compared with the manual judgment, the algorithm model has higher stability and objectivity. At present, the classification of disease course of rice blast mainly depends on the experience judgment of researchers. Objective and accurate determination of disease course is of great significance for the prevention and treatment of rice blast. Mobile phone APP is used as image acquisition port, which does not rely on other instruments and equipment and could obtain accurate grading results of rice blast in real time, reduce the threshold of research and improve the efficiency of scientific research.

  Agricultural Division of Labor, Farmer Differentiation and Mechanized Service of Rice Production:Based on the Empirical Study of Jiangxi Cheng Dan, Weng Zhenlin 2020, 10 (10):  91-97.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190800152 Abstract + ( 444 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1273KB )   ( 543 ) Rice mechanization service is an important part of agricultural mechanization service and plays a significant role in promoting agricultural modernization. This thesis uses 1237 farmer household survey data in the main grain producing areas (Jiangxi) to empirically analyze the impact of agricultural division and farmer differentiation on the mechanized services of major rice production links by constructing Probit and Tobit models. Research shows that: (1) as to the land cultivation process, among the variables related the division of labor (the number of outsourcing of agricultural production, the rate of rice commercialization) and the differentiation of farmers (the proportion of non-agricultural employment, the small farmers and large-scale farmers divided by rice planting area), except the rice commercialization rate, the remaining variables all have a significant impact on the use of mechanized services by farmers; (2) in the harvesting process, the variables related to agricultural division and farmer differentiation have a significant impact on the use of mechanized services by farmers; (3) in view of the comprehensive mechanization service level of rice cultivation, planting and harvesting, the relevant variables of agricultural division and farmer differentiation have a significant impact on the comprehensive mechanized service level. Based on these results, the following suggestions are put forward, including taking effective measures to deepen the agricultural division of labor, reasonably guiding small farmers to organically link up with modern agricultural development, and improving agricultural machinery service environment.

  Land Transfer in Promoting the Land Market System in Beijing Suburb: Current State and Suggestions Zhao Wen, Gu Peng, Hong Zhijie, Liang Jingjing, Lu Hanning 2020, 10 (10):  98-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300072 Abstract + ( 575 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1148KB )   ( 474 ) In recent years, as China expedites its process to market-orientation and urbanization, and the factor market in urban and rural areas becomes brisker year by year, separation of rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights is steadily advanced all over the country. To make further study on the development of land market system nationwide, the article takes Beijing as an example, mainly focusing on how to complete separation of rural land ownership rights, contract rights, and management rights in the meantime of urbanization, on the premise of not changing the nature of land ownership, and guaranteeing farmers’ expected income from land management. By literature study and comparative analysis of land transfer data in the last decade, it is not difficult to point out that the duality of the factor market naturally causes the inconsistent development between urban and rural market. In the suburb of Beijing, problems including low intensity of land use, unreasonable right and interest allocation system, and unscientific overall planning are aroused. Therefore, all levels of government needs to provide guidance and support in the whole process of land transfer, which poses new challenges to the governance capacity of government and proposes new requirements for the reform of land use system.