Current issue

• 2022 Vol.12 No.4 Published:20 April 2022

  Quality Traits’ Analysis of Newly Approved Rice Varieties of Heilongjiang Province in 2019 YU Yanmin, YAN Ping, WU Hongtao, LIU Haiying, XU Zhenhua, ZHANG Shuli, WU Licheng, YANG Zhongliang 2022, 12 (4):  1-5.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0128 Abstract + ( 553 )   HTML ( 5 )   PDF ( 1736KB )   ( 271 ) To clarify the quality traits and breeding status of the latest rice varieties in Heilongjiang Province, a total of 52 japonica rice varieties approved in 2019 were selected and tested for the traits of brown rice rate, milled rice rate, cretaceous grain rate, chalkiness degree, amylose content, crude protein content, glue consistency and etc. The results showed that 100% of the varieties were up to the Level 2 high-quality rice standard, and the chalkiness grain rate and chalkiness degree of rice varieties in different accumulated temperature zones significantly varied. In the process of quality improvement, the first accumulated temperature zone should focus on improving the brown rice rate and head rice rate, while the gel consistency and amylose content in the second and third accumulated temperature zone should be improved, and the fourth zone should reduce the chalky grain rate and chalkiness degree, and improve the gel consistency and amylose content. Path analysis showed that chalkiness degree contributed directly and most to taste value, followed by crude protein content and gel consistency. Newly approved rice varieties of Heilongjiang Province in 2019 have good quality, and the taste value can be improved further based on the study.

  Synergistic Initiation Effect of Hydrogen Peroxide and PEG on Wheat Seed Vigor MA Ye, YANG Jinwen, LI Ning, FAN Lijian, SHI Yugang 2022, 12 (4):  6-12.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0213 Abstract + ( 272 )   HTML ( 9 )   PDF ( 1368KB )   ( 194 ) In order to understand the effect of synergistic initiation of hydrogen peroxide and PEG on seed vigor, nine seed vigor indexes including seedling length (SL), root length (RL), germination potential (GE) and germination percentage (GP) and etc. of winter wheat cultivars after initiation were measured. The results showed that under the condition of 0.25%H2O2 soaking for 6 h and 10%PEG soaking for 4 h (treatment 3), the germination potential, germination index, seedling length and vigor index of ‘Chang 7170’ significantly increased by 18.4%, 30.2%, 26.1% and 48.4%, respectively, compared with those of the control (treatment 1); and the germination index, vigor index, root length and root weight increased by 20.7%, 16.2%, 13.6% and 22.8%, respectively, compared with those under 0%H2O2 soaking for 12 h and 0%PEG soaking for 12 h (treatment 2). The germination rate of ‘Chang 6388’ under 0.25%H2O2 soaking for 6 h and 10%PEG soaking for 4 h (treatment 3) was significantly higher than that of the control (treatment 1) and 0.5%H2O2 soaking for 6 h and 5%PEG soaking for 4 h (treatment 9); and the germination index increased by 12% compared with that under 0.5%H2O2 soaking for 12 h and 10%PEG soaking for 2 h (treatment 8). The comprehensive evaluation results (D value) showed that the seed vigor of the two cultivars was the highest under the synergistic initiation of treatment 3, which was 0.9482 and 0.8293, respectively. GGE biplot analysis showed that the germination potential, germination rate, germination index, vigor index and root length of the two cultivars were all good under the synergistic initiation of 0.25% H2O2 soaking for 6 h and 10%PEG soaking for 4 h (treatment 3), which could be used as the main indexes for identifying the vigor of wheat seeds.

  Disease Resistance of Maize Varieties: Evaluation and Its Grey Correlation with Agronomic Characters XI Xiaoqian, LI Hong, WANG Ruijun, ZHANG Xuli, YANG Zhibin 2022, 12 (4):  13-17.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0156 Abstract + ( 281 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1843KB )   ( 274 ) The aims are to study the relationship between agronomic characters and disease resistance of maize, and to breed maize varieties with high yield and high disease resistance. The disease resistance of 19 varieties in the regional trial of maize in the consortium was identified, and the relationship between agronomic characters and disease resistance was analyzed by grey correlation analysis. The results showed that all the 19 varieties had strong resistance to stem base rot and ear rot, weak resistance to head smut and dwarf mosaic, and medium resistance to large leaf spot. The kernel ratio, which was most closely related to yield, had the closest relationship with stem base rot. Ear rot was the second important factor that affected the yield. 100-grain weight, which ranked fourth in the impact on the yield, was closely related to large leaf spot, and kernel row number was most closely related to head smut. The plant height, which was positively related to the yield, had close relationship with dwarf mosaic. Therefore, the grey correlation analysis and disease resistance identification combining maize agronomic characters with disease resistance should emphasize the selection of resistance to head smut, large leaf spot and dwarf mosaic.

  Gibberellin and Foliar Fertilizer: Effects on Pre-basic Seeds of Potato Production by Aeroponics LIAO Feifei, LIU Xinggui, WANG Kexiu, DU Yongli, XIONG Hu, ZHANG Deyin 2022, 12 (4):  18-23.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0260 Abstract + ( 263 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 2013KB )   ( 242 ) In order to clarify the effects of foliar application of exogenous hormone gibberellin (GA), urea (UREA) and calcium nitrate (CN) on potato production by aeroponics, ‘Zhongshu 5’ and ‘Zhongshu 19’ were used as materials, clear water (CK), GA, UREA, CN, GA+UREA, GA+CN were sprayed on leaves, and the effects of the treatments on growth and yield were studied comparatively. The plant height, stem diameter, leaf area index, number of stolon branches, single-plant yield and tuber number per plant were increased by GA, GA+UREA and GA+CN, while the chlorophyll content index of leaves was decreased significantly. Under GA, GA+UREA and GA+CN, the single-plant yield and tuber number per plant of ‘Zhongshu 5’ were increased by 42.0% and 34.0%, 50.9% and 48.8%, and 30.5% and 39.0%, respectively; the single-plant yield and tuber number per plant of ‘Zhongshu 19’ were increased by 36.4% and 29.9%, 35.8% and 44.8%, and 43.7% and 44.8%, respectively, while the effects of signal application of URAE or CN on yield were not significant. The experiment indicates that the spraying treatments containing GA could promote the vegetative growth, thus increasing the tuber number per plant of potato plants by aeroponics.

  Form and Valence Evaluation of Heavy Metal Chromium in Soil: A Review ZHAO Shaoting, LI Jianmin, DU Yu 2022, 12 (4):  24-28.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0284 Abstract + ( 401 )   HTML ( 18 )   PDF ( 1274KB )   ( 841 ) Soil environmental quality standards in China have established the limit for total chromium content in soil. To understand the effects of heavy metal chromium on ecological environment and soil organism, it is necessary to analyze different forms and valences of chromium in detail. In this study, the occurrence form, and the migration and transformation of heavy metal chromium in soil were discussed, especially the determination methods of different forms and valences of chromium. Sequential extraction method is still the main method for form analysis of chromium in soil. Compared with the solid-liquid extraction method and the technology of chromium separation, enrichment and determination based on soil liquid samples, direct solid sample analysis does not require sample pretreatment and avoids the form transformation of the element. In the future, more rapid and simple methods for determining heavy metals in soil will be developed.

  Reducing Quantity and Increasing Efficiency of Chemical Fertilizer for ‘Baodamai 20’: A Preliminary Study ZHAO Jiatao, FU Zhengbo, YANG Xianghong, LIU Mengdao 2022, 12 (4):  29-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0230 Abstract + ( 235 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1762KB )   ( 173 ) To explore the best and most effective fertilizer application amount for barley variety ‘Baodamai.20’, 7 treatments were set up to reduce fertilizer application in barley production under other conditions being the same. The results showed that: (1) the treatment with 10% fertilizer reduction had the highest yield, followed by 20% fertilizer reduction treatment and then the normal fertilizer level treatment; (2) the yield of 20% fertilizer reduction treatment was significantly lower than that of 10% reduction treatment, but significantly higher than that of other treatments, whose yield declined with the decrease of fertilizer amount; (3) the input-output ratio increased with the decrease of fertilizer, and 10% and 20% fertilizer reduction had relatively big benefit; (4) 10% and 20% fertilizer reduction had higher number of grains per ear and 1000-grain weight compared with the normal fertilizer level treatment. For ‘Baodamai 20’, the goal of cost-efficiency could be achieved by reducing fertilizer application for 10%-20%.

  Effects of Magnesium Fertilizer Application on Soil Magnesium Supply and Growth and Development, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco LI Wenqing, ZHENG Chaoyuan, KE Yuqin, CHEN Shunhui, GUO Jinping, LI Chunying 2022, 12 (4):  33-40.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0217 Abstract + ( 245 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1947KB )   ( 178 ) To determine the appropriate magnesium (Mg) input in Fujian flue-cured tobacco production, a gradient Mg input experiment was conducted in a field experimental station. The soil Mg supply, the Mg accumulation of plant and the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves were analyzed during the whole growing season. The experimental results showed that, the soil exchangeable Mg increased with the increase of Mg input. Soil Mg supply capacity had a linear correlation with Mg input at different growth stages. Mg content and accumulation of tobacco leaves at different plant positions also had a linear correlation with Mg input at the final harvest stage. Compared with those of no Mg input treatment, the average price, production value, proportion of upper class leaves and proportion of middle-upper class leaves increased by 6.39%-11.67%, 6.13%-14.63%, 18.43%-31.46% and 5.36%-8.96%, respectively. The total potassium (K) content of flue-cured tobacco leaves decreased with Mg application increase. The best sensory evaluation quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves was observed in the treatment with 19.5 kg/hm2 Mg input (MgO), and that was followed by 39 kg/hm2 Mg input. The treatment with 58.5 kg /hm2 Mg input had the highest production value. The accumulation of biomass in tobacco plant and the yield of flue-cured tobacco leaves were not obviously affected by Mg input. Based on actual soil exchangeable Mg status, soil Mg supply, nutrients’ accumulation in tobacco plant and quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves in Fujian tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum ‘CB-1’) production, the range of recommended Mg input is from 19.5 to 39 kg/hm2 (MgO), which could not only ensure the relative balance of soil Mg supply and Mg nutrient, but also meet the requirements of tobacco plants for Mg nutrition, and improve the quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves.

  The Application of Site Precise Direct Allocation Mode in the Process of Tobacco Leaf Allocation XIE Jin, HUANG Hao, GAO Renji, HUANG Lei, GUAN Luohao, LU Chao, LIANG Zengfa, SU Zhao, WANG Wei 2022, 12 (4):  41-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0109 Abstract + ( 229 )   HTML ( 2 )   PDF ( 1308KB )   ( 177 ) Using tobacco leaf allocation experience in the Jingdong production area and the quality data of the China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Leaf Management System over the years, the site tobacco leaf production, purchase process, and tobacco leaf stocking, inspection, transportation and other links are precisely optimized. The precise and flexible stocking method of site direct allocation is adopted to improve the formula adaptation rate of industrial enterprises and provide high-quality and high-end raw material guarantee for the enhancement of the ‘Double Happiness’ brand structure. The results show that after site direct allocation, the tobacco leaf grade mixing is effectively controlled, the purity is improved, the moldy tobacco leaf amount is reduced, the homogeneity of the internal chemical quality is enhanced, and the overall tobacco leaf quality is upgraded. The precise and flexible stocking method of site direct allocation is of practical significance for improving the industrial usability of tobacco leaves, and ensuring the quality and structure of cigarette products.

  Effect of Different Light Intensities on the Growth and Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics of Luoping Zingiber offiinale HAN Lihong, LIU Chao, YANG Yunjin, TANG Lizhou 2022, 12 (4):  47-53.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0121 Abstract + ( 205 )   HTML ( 1 )   PDF ( 1513KB )   ( 236 ) To clarify the effect of different light intensities (100%,75%,50%,25%,12.5%) on the growth and physiological parameters of Zingiber offiinale and determine the optimum light intensity, a pot experiment was conducted to study the growth and physiological and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters of Z. offiinale. The results showed that the plant height, crown diameter, leaf width and total leaf area were relatively high under 25% light intensity, and all the measured growth parameters were relatively low under 100% light intensity. The peroxidase activity, catalase activity and soluble protein content were high, while malondialdehyde and soluble sugar content were low under 50% light intensity, the values of parameters under 100% light intensity were opposite to those under 50% light intensity. The yield of Z. offiinale was the highest under 50% light intensity. With the increase of light intensity, the proline content increased, and the chlorophyll content decreased. The maximum fluorescence and the maximum light chemical efficiency were relatively high under 50% light intensity, and were relatively low under 100% light intensity. In conclusion, the optimum growth light intensity of Luoping Z. offiinale is 50%, and the study could provide a theoretical basis for field cultivation of Luoping Z. offiinale.

  Study on Pollen Xenia of Torreya grandis LI Aihua, XIANG Shanshan, ZHAO Jianping, LI Kunwei, ZHENG Huai, LI Jinzhu, XU Nanlin 2022, 12 (4):  54-56.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0094 Abstract + ( 271 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1814KB )   ( 246 ) In order to find suitable pollen in Torreya grandis production in Hubei Province, the research on pollen xenia effect was carried out, and the utilization value of T. grandis pollen was discussed. Pollen from Shengzhou (B) and pollen from Tongshan (C) were selected as male parents, and they were pollinated on seed trees (female parent A) by hand, and then the fruit morphology index, economic index and nutrient content of the combination of two paternal sources were compared. The results indicate that pollen from Shengzhou and Tongshan has pollen xenia effect on seed size and nutlet shape. For economic indicators such as single seed weight, single nutlet weight and kernel yield rate, and for the major nutrients such as oil content, protein, vitamin E and fatty acid in seeds, there is no obvious xenia effect. The study indicates that the T. grandis pollen from Tongshan can be used in production, and the resources of the male T. grandis in Tongshan are valuable for development and utilization.

  Screening on Hygromycin Resistance Concentration of Lycium barbarum FAN Yunfang, LIU Lulu, ZHANG Jing, LUO Qing, ZHANG Bo, CAO Youlong 2022, 12 (4):  57-60.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0017 Abstract + ( 230 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1438KB )   ( 284 ) This study aims to explore the screening dose of hygromycin suitable for Lycium barbarum, and lay a foundation for the study of gene function and genetic transformation of L. barbarum. In this study, the leaves of germless L. barbarum seedlings from Ningxia were used as explants, and four hygromycin concentration gradients were set to study the effect of hygromycin on the induction of callus and callus differentiation buds, to screen out the appropriate antibiotic dose for L. barbarum transformation body screening. The results showed that the increased concentration of hygromycin had a significant inhibitory effect on the induced callus and bud differentiation of L. barbarum. The higher the concentration of hygromycin, the lower the recovering rate of L. barbarum leaves was, and the browning rate of callus increased, and the leaves gradually became yellow, albino, and even died. Using hygromycin as a selective marker for resistance, the optimal concentration of hygromycin is 2 mg/L.

  Status of Mulberry Quality and Safety and Countermeasures CHU Yue, SUN Mingna, DONG Xu, TONG Zhou, WANG Mei, GAO Tongchun, DENG Yongjin, DUAN Jinsheng 2022, 12 (4):  61-66.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0161 Abstract + ( 235 )   HTML ( 3 )   PDF ( 1115KB )   ( 244 ) Mulberry is a health care product raw material, which can be used for both medicine and food, and mulberry industry is a new characteristic health industry developed in recent 10 years. In order to ensure the healthy development of this industry, in this paper, the mulberry production, mulberry disease and pest prevention and control, the formulation of mulberry products’ standard, the use of agricultural inputs and the quality and safety of mulberry products were summarized. In addition, the main factors affecting the quality and safety of mulberry products were analyzed, such as the great damage caused by diseases and pests, the problem of pesticide and heavy metal residues caused by the nonstandard use of pesticides and the pollution of the planting areas, and the imperfect quality and safety standards. Suggestions were put forward including speeding up the screening and registration of special pesticides for mulberry field, improving the quality standard system, and strengthening the supervision of mulberry quality and safety. In the aspect of mulberry products’ safety, the study could provide certain support for the healthy development of the industry and relevant policy formulation.

  Climate Suitability of Tomato in Ningxia: Variation Characteristics ZHU Tingyan, WU Yingjiao, LI Wenchen, DONG Guoqing, HUANG Yun, LI Shujun 2022, 12 (4):  67-74.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20200300083 Abstract + ( 559 )   HTML ( 4 )   PDF ( 1726KB )   ( 307 ) The study discussed the distribution law of climate suitability of tomato in Ningxia, and aimed to provide reference for the regional planning of tomato cultivation. Based on the growth data of tomato provided by the Agricultural Technology Center of Huinong and the meteorological data provided by 24 meteorological observation stations, including the data of temperature, precipitation, and sunshine from 1981 to 2016, climate suitability models were established to analyze the variation characteristics of the suitability of meteorological factors. The results showed that the sunshine suitability was the most favorable meteorological factor for tomato growth in Ningxia, whose spatial distribution was high in the north and low in the south. The precipitation suitability decreased from south to north, but it could be compensated by the irrigation of the Yellow River, its high inter-annual variability made it the key factor affecting the inter-annual change of the climate suitability. The temperature suitability varied remarkably in different growth periods, and was the main meteorological factor that restricted tomato cultivation in Ningxia, and it gradually changed into a favorable condition. The suitability of the 4 cities in northern and central Ningxia was relatively high, and the meteorological condition in Guyuan was not conducive to the tomato growth and development. From the distribution of climate suitability, the climate suitability of tomato planting in the northern and central Ningxia is the best, and its overall climate condition is the most conducive to the growth of tomato.

  The Development of Tea Industry in Shiyan of Hubei Province CHEN Xiancao, ZHANG Junxiao, LI Tao, ZHAO Xinyue, LI Hui, HE Jian, LIN Shan 2022, 12 (4):  75-79.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0238 Abstract + ( 310 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 998KB )   ( 308 ) By studying the development of tea industry in Shiyan, Hubei Province, this paper summarized the experience of Shiyan in taking full use of ecological advantages and characteristics of tea industry, vigorously developing characteristic tea culture, improving brand competitiveness, promoting the integration of tea industry and tourism, increasing job opportunities and driving the economic development in rural areas. The paper also analyzed the problems in the development of tea industry in Shiyan, such as low comprehensive utilization rate of tea resources, insufficient integration with other industries, low popularity of tea products, few leading enterprises, and low market competitiveness. In view of these problems and in order to effectively link the tea industry with the Rural Revitalization Strategy, suggestions were put forward including promoting industrial integration, strengthening brand publicity, improving market competitiveness and giving full play to the prime role of leading enterprises.

  Carbon Emission of Xinjiang Rural Residents’ Living Consumption and Influencing Factors: Based on the SITRPAT Model WANG Zhiqiang, TANG Qi 2022, 12 (4):  80-88.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0250 Abstract + ( 289 )   HTML ( 6 )   PDF ( 1682KB )   ( 169 ) The study aims to construct an analysis model of factors affecting carbon emission of rural residents in Xinjiang, explore the actual contribution of each influencing factor, and put forward targeted countermeasures for realizing the coordinated development of population, consumption and environment. We used the IPCC carbon emission coefficient method and the CLA method to calculate the carbon emission of rural residents’ living consumption in Xinjiang from 2002 to 2017, and selected 4 influencing factors of per capita annual disposable income, energy intensity, carbon emission intensity of living consumption, and the proportion of rural population from three aspects: environment, population and technology. Based on the extended STIRPAT model combined with ridge regression analysis, the empirical research on each influencing factor was carried out. The results showed that: (1) the overall development of carbon emission from the living consumption of rural residents in Xinjiang had an increasing trend, among them, the direct carbon emission of residents increased significantly, and the growth rate was relatively fast, accounting for a relatively large proportion of the total carbon emission, and the proportion of indirect carbon emission increased year by year, but the growth rate and growth range were relatively slow; (2) the elastic coefficients of the 4 variables were 0.09, -0.19, 0.89 and -0.2, respectively, Xinjiang’s per capita annual disposable income and carbon emission intensity of living consumption had positive effects on carbon emission, the proportion of rural population and energy intensity in Xinjiang had a negative effect on carbon emission; (3) from the perspective of the degree of impact, the carbon emission intensity of living consumption had the greatest pulling effect on the carbon emission of rural residents’ living consumption in Xinjiang, while the energy intensity had the greatest restraint effect. Suggestions were put forward as: (1) optimizing the rural energy system by adjusting the rural energy structure, promoting the conversion of rural biomass and increasing the resource utilization rate of rural residents; (2) advocating agriculture development through science and technology by introducing low-carbon technologies, increasing rural market supply, changing regional extensive economic development in rural areas, and realizing the two-way development of energy-saving industries and circular economy; (3) promoting the construction of new ecological agriculture by intensifying rural ‘green propaganda’, reforming ‘green supply’, strengthening ‘green governance’, and enhancing ‘green supervision’.

  Revitalization of Rural Talents in the Context of the Strategy of Making China a Talent-strong Country in the New Era MO Guanggang 2022, 12 (4):  89-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2022-0007 Abstract + ( 429 )   HTML ( 12 )   PDF ( 1135KB )   ( 329 ) Xi Jinping, general secretary of the CPC Central Committee, pointed out at the CPC Central Committee’s Conference on Talent Work that talent is an important indicator of comprehensive national strength, and the nation’s development and revitalization depend on talents. Talent revitalization is the foundation of rural revitalization, and the revitalization of the countryside should rely on talents. Since the 18th CPC National Congress, the construction of the rural talent pool has been strengthened, which has strongly supported the rapid development of the countryside. Aiming at the implementation of the Strategy of Making China a Talent-strong Country in the new era, the study comprehensively analyzes the current situation of rural talent development and the problems in the construction of talent pool in the countryside. Then, the study puts forward policy suggestions and initiatives for accelerating the revitalization of rural talents, in order to provide strong talent support for the overall rural revitalization

  The Impact of Human Capital Investment on Agricultural Development from the Perspective of Rural Revitalization: An Empirical Study TIAN Tian, HAN Yu, FU Shan 2022, 12 (4):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.casb2021-0138 Abstract + ( 267 )   HTML ( 10 )   PDF ( 1245KB )   ( 200 ) Talent is the key element in rural revitalization. This study expounded the impact of human capital investment on agricultural development, analyzed the main problems existing in agricultural talent development mechanism at present, studied the path of promoting the revitalization and development of rural talents in China in the new period, and put forward countermeasures with a view to further strengthening the role of rural talents in rural revitalization. This study adopted the Cobb Douglas production function, took the national data from 1991 to 2018 as the research object, and combined qualitative research with quantitative measurement to analyze the impact of human capital investment and fixed asset investment on the total agricultural output. The study was mainly an empirical analysis, and logical deduction reasoning was taken as the supplement. It is estimated that the output of fixed asset investment in the primary industry is 0.216 and that of human capital investment in the primary industry is 0.272, indicating that the contribution rate of human capital investment is higher than that of fixed asset investment. Compared with fixed asset investment, human capital investment has a greater impact on the total agricultural output, so we should attach more importance to the cultivation of talents and promote the overall rural revitalization.