不同温度下生物炭与氮肥对棉田CO2和N2O排放的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0253

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (12): 19-27.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0253

• 土壤肥料资源环境生态 • 上一篇下一篇

不同温度下生物炭与氮肥对棉田CO₂和N₂O排放的影响

王佳¹(), 柳维扬¹(), 郝兴明², 张盛², 何铎¹, 张小功¹, 周丽敏¹

¹ 新疆省塔里木大学农学院，新疆阿拉尔 843300
² 新疆省生态与地理研究所，乌鲁木齐 830000

收稿日期:2023-11-09 修回日期:2024-03-26 出版日期:2024-12-20 发布日期:2024-12-20
通讯作者:
柳维扬，男，1977年出生，宁夏隆德人，教授，博士，主要从事旱区农田养分循环和高效利用研究。通信地址：843300 新疆阿拉尔市虹桥南路705号塔里木大学，Tel：0997-4680312，E-mail：lxyzky@qq.com。
作者简介:
王佳，女，2000年出生，新疆昌吉人，本科，研究方向：不同管理方式下干旱农田土壤碳氮研究。通信地址：843300 新疆阿拉尔市虹桥南路705号塔里木大学，Tel：0997-4680312，E-mail：893139177@qq.com。
基金资助:
“国家级大学生创新创业”(202210757006); “兵团科技创新人才计划”(2022CB001-07)

Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on CO₂and N₂O Emissions from Cotton Fields at Different Temperatures

WANG Jia¹(), LIU Weiyang¹(), HAO Xingming², ZHANG Sheng², HE Duo¹, ZHANG Xiaogong¹, ZHOU Limin¹

¹ College of Agriculture, Tarim University, Alar 843300, Xinjiang, China
² Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography, Urumqi 830000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2023-11-09 Revised:2024-03-26 Online:2024-12-20 Published:2024-12-20

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本研究旨在揭示不同农田管理方式下极端脆弱区盐碱地温室气体的排放规律，阐明其影响因素及作用机理，从而为减轻气候变化影响下的中国温室气体减排提供理论依据。实验采用电导率为9.35 mS/cm和pH 8.38的极端盐渍土壤进行室内培养试验。设置不同的温度梯度（15、25、35℃）、施氮肥水平（0、120、240 kg N/hm²）以及生物炭施用量（0、5、10 t/hm²），所有处理均控制在田间持水量60%，培养周期为45 d。研究结果表明，增温与施用氮肥显著提高了CO₂和N₂O的排放量，而短期施用生物炭能够降低N₂O的排放。具体来看：（1）在相同温度和生物炭条件下，氮肥的施用显著增加了温室气体的排放量。当施氮量为120 kg N/hm²时，CO₂和N₂O累积排放量分别是对照的2.02倍和1.28倍；而当施氮肥量提高到240 kg N/hm²时，CO₂和N₂O累积排放量达到最大，分别是对照的2.22倍和1.64倍。（2）在相同温度和氮肥条件下，生物炭的施用显著降低了N₂O的排放。与未施用生物炭的对照相比，当生物炭施用量为5 t/hm²时，N₂O的排放量减少了7%；而当生物炭施用量增至10 t/hm²时，N₂O排放量进一步减少了13%。（3）温度对温室气体排放的影响也十分显著。与15℃相比，25℃条件下的CO₂和N₂O累积排放量分别增加11.34 g C/kg和39.69 mg N/kg；而在35℃条件下，CO₂和N₂O累积排放量最大，分别增加了48.17 g C/kg和69.69 mg N/kg。综上所述，本研究表明，在极端盐碱地农田管理中，合理的温度控制、氮肥施用策略以及生物炭的使用对于调控温室气体排放具有重要意义。

关键词: 旱地, 温度, 施肥, 生物炭, 温室气体排放

Abstract:

The greenhouse gas emission rules under different farmland management methods were revealed, and the influencing factors and action mechanisms were expounded, so as to deal with greenhouse gas emissions from saline-alkali land in extremely vulnerable areas, mitigate climate change, and provided theoretical basis for greenhouse gas emission reduction in China. An extremely saline soil with electrical conductivity of 9.35 mS/cm and pH of 8.38 was used for indoor culture experiments. Three temperature gradients were set as 15, 25 and 35℃; three nitrogen application levels were set as 0, 120 and 240 kg N/hm² and three biochar application levels were set as 0, 5 and 10 t/hm². All treatments were carried out under 60% field water holding capacity and cultured for 45 days. The results showed that temperature and nitrogen application significantly increased CO₂ and N₂O emissions, and short-term application of biochar could reduce N₂O emissions. (1) Under the same temperature and biochar conditions, the application of nitrogen fertilizer significantly increased greenhouse gas emissions. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 120 kg N/hm² were 2.02 times and 1.28 times of the control, respectively. The cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O were the highest when nitrogen fertilizer rate was 240 kg N/hm², which were 2.22 times and 1.64 times of the control, respectively. (2) Under the same temperature and nitrogen fertilizer conditions, the application of biochar significantly reduced the emission of N₂O. Compared with the control, when the application rate of biochar was 5 t/hm², the emission of N₂O was reduced by 7%. The amount of biochar applied was 10 t/hm², and the N₂O emission was reduced by 13%. (3) Compared with 15℃, cumulative CO₂ and N₂O emissions at 25℃ increased by 11.34 g C/kg and 39.69 mg N/kg, respectively; the cumulative emissions of CO₂ and N₂O at 35℃ were the largest, increasing by 48.17 g C/kg and 69.69 mg N/kg, respectively. In summary, this study demonstrates that in the management of extreme saline-alkali soils in agricultural fields, reasonable control of temperature, nitrogen fertilization strategies, and the use of biochar are of significant importance for regulating greenhouse gas emissions.

Key words: dry land, temperature, fertilization, biochar, greenhouse gas emissions

王佳, 柳维扬, 郝兴明, 张盛, 何铎, 张小功, 周丽敏. 不同温度下生物炭与氮肥对棉田CO₂和N₂O排放的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(12): 19-27.

WANG Jia, LIU Weiyang, HAO Xingming, ZHANG Sheng, HE Duo, ZHANG Xiaogong, ZHOU Limin. Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on CO₂and N₂O Emissions from Cotton Fields at Different Temperatures[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2024, 14(12): 19-27.

图/表 7

参考文献 43

[1]	SUSAN S, DANIEL J S, SANFORD T J, et al. Persistence of Climate changes due to a range of greenhouse gases[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2010, 107(43):18354-9. doi: 10.1073/pnas.1006282107 pmid: 20937898
[2]	董星丰, 陈强, 李浩, 等. 全球气候变化对我国高寒地区冻土温室气体通量的影响[J]. 土壤与作物, 2019, 8(2):178-85.
[3]	李玥, 牛俊义, 李广, 等. 黄土丘陵区旱地春小麦气候适宜度及其变化特征——以定西市李家堡乡麻子川村为例[J]. 干旱区研究, 2014, 31(4):627-35.
[4]	IPCC. Climate change 2013:the physical science basis. contribution of working group I to the fifth assessment report of the intergovernmental panel on climate change[R]. Cambridge university press, 2013.
[5]	张浩东, 贾俊香, 马智勇. 生物炭对山西菜地土壤温室气体排放强度的影响[J]. 山西农业科学, 2021, 49(1):64-68,75.
[6]	WMO. The state of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere based on global observations through 2012[J]. WMO greenhouse gas bulletin, 2013, 9:1-4.
[7]	CHARLES J H, JOHN R B G, IAN R, et al. Food security: the challenge of feeding 9 billion people[J]. Science, 2010, 327(5967):812-818. doi: 10.1126/science.1185383 pmid: 20110467
[8]	JAMES N G A R, JAN W E T, MATEETE B, et al. Transformation of the nitrogen cycle: recent trends, questions, and potential solutions[J]. Science, 2008, 320(5878):889-892. doi: 10.1126/science.1136674 pmid: 18487183
[9]	JU X T, GUANG X X, XIN P C, et al. Reducing environmental risk by improving N management in intensive Chinese agricultural systems[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 2009, 106(19):3041-6.
[10]	DOMINIC W, LEHMANN J, OGLE S, et al. Greenhouse gas inventory model for biochar additions to soil[J]. Environmental science & technology, 2021(51):55.
[11]	王国强, 孙焕明, 郭琰. 生物炭对CH₂和N₂O排放的影响综述[J]. 中国农学通报, 2018, 34(27):118-23. doi: 10.11924/j.issn.1000-6850.casb17070033
[12]	LEHMANN J, MATTHIAS C R, JANICE T, et al. Biochar effects on soil biota - a review[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2011, 43(9):1812-1836.
[13]	WU G, XIAN M C, JUN L, et al. Effects of soil warming and increased precipitation on greenhouse gas fluxes in spring maize seasons in the North China Plain[J]. Science of the total environment, 2020:734.
[14]	GUNTIÑAS M E, LEIRÓS M C, TRASAR-CEPEDA C, et al. Effects of moisture and temperature on net soil nitrogen mineralization: a laboratory study[J]. European journal of soil biology, 2011:48.
[15]	STOTTLEMYER R, DAVID T. Nitrogen mineralization in a mature boreal forest, Isle Royale, Michigan[J]. Journal of environmental quality, 1999, 28(2).
[16]	王少杰. 氮肥与秸秆还田对陕西关中灌区农田CO₂、CH₄排放的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2012.
[17]	DING W X, YAN C, ZUCONG C, et al. Nitrous oxide emissions from an intensively cultivated maize-wheat rotation soil in the North China Plain[J]. Science of the total environment, 2006, 373(2).
[18]	BLAKE R G, HARTGE K H, BULK D. Methods of soil analysis[J]. Part 1 physical and mineralogical methods, 1986, 5:363-75.
[19]	石书静, 高志岭. 不同通量计算方法对静态箱法测定农田N₂O排放通量的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2012, 31(10):2060-2065.
[20]	TANG Y, GAO W, CAI K, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil carbon dioxide emission and carbon budget in the karst Region of Southwest China[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 385:114895.
[21]	李雪松, SAJJAD R, 刘占军, 等. 氮肥及硝化抑制剂配合施用对石灰性土壤二氧化碳释放的影响[J]. 农业环境科学学报, 2017, 36(8):1658-63.
[22]	韩金. 不同土壤改良措施对豫中烟田净温室效应的影响[D]. 郑州: 河南农业大学, 2022.
[23]	李秀云, 张洪培, 沈玉芳, 等. 生物炭与氮肥对旱作春玉米农田CO₂和CH₄排放特征的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2016, 36(6):1216-24.
[24]	JAMES C, TYLER V. Assessing long-term impacts of increased crop productivity on atmospheric CO₂[J]. Energy policy, 1996, 24(5):403-411. pmid: 11539330
[25]	LYU X D, WANG T, MA Z M, et al. Enhanced efficiency nitrogen fertilizers maintain yields and mitigate global warming potential in an intensified spring wheat system[J]. Field crops research, 2019, 244(C):107624.
[26]	周君玺. 控释氮肥配施对不同覆盖旱作农田温室气体排放的影响[D]. 杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2019.
[27]	李平, 郎漫, 李淼, 等. 不同施肥处理对东北黑土温室气体排放的短期影响[J]. 环境科学, 2018, 39(5):2360-67.
[28]	Y TANG, GAO W, CAI K, et al. Effects of biochar amendment on soil carbon dioxide emission and carbon budget in the karst region of Southwest China[J]. Geoderma, 2021, 385:1148-1195.
[29]	HE Y H, ZHOU X H, JIANG L L, et al. Effects of biochar application on soil greenhouse gas fluxes: a meta‐analysis[J]. GCB bioenergy, 2017, 9(4):743-55.
[30]	KARHU K, MATTILA T, BERGSTRÖM I, et al. Biochar addition to agricultural soil increased CH₄ uptake and water holding capacity-results from a short-term pilot field study[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2011, 140(1-2):309-313.
[31]	WANG J Y, XIAO J P, YING L L, et al. Effects of biochar amendment in two soils on greenhouse gas emissions and crop production[J]. Plant and soil, 2012, 360(1):287-298.
[32]	ZAVALLONI C, ALBERTI G, BIASIOL S, et al. Microbial mineralization of biochar and wheat straw mixture in soil: a short-term study[J]. Applied soil ecology, 2011, 50:45-51.
[33]	LORENZ K, LAL R. Biochar application to soil for climate change mitigation by soil organic carbon sequestration[J]. Journal of plant nutrition and soil science, 2014, 177(5):651-70.
[34]	KOTUŠ T, ŠIMANSKÝ V, DRGOŇOVÁ K, et al. Combination of biochar with N-fertilizer affects properties of soil and N₂O emissions in maize crop[J]. Agronomy, 2022, 12(6):1314.
[35]	ZWIETEN L V, SINGH B P, KIMBER S W L, et al. An incubation study investigating the mechanisms that impact N₂O flux from soil following biochar application[J]. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 2014, 191:53-62.
[36]	万小楠, 赵珂悦, 吴雄伟, 等. 秸秆还田对冬小麦-夏玉米农田土壤固碳、氧化亚氮排放和全球增温潜势的影响[J]. 环境科学, 2022, 43(1):569-576.
[37]	TULLBERG J, ANTILLE D L, BLUETT C. Controlled traffic farming effects on soil emissions of nitrous oxide and methane[J]. Soil and tillage research, 2018, 176:18-25.
[38]	LU N, LIU X R, LIU D Z, et al. Effect of biochar on soil respiration in the maize growing season after 5 years of consecutive application[J]. Soil research, 2014, 52(5):505-512.
[39]	MAVI M S, PETRA M, CHITTLEBOROUGH J D, et al. Salinity and sodicity affect soil respiration and dissolved organic matter dynamics differentially in soils varying in texture[J]. Soil biology and biochemistry, 2012, 45:8-13.
[40]	JANNA P, PETTERSSON M, BAATH E. Comparison of temperature effects on soil respiration and bacterial and fungal growth rates[J]. FEMS microbiology ecology, 2005, 52(1):49-58. pmid: 16329892
[41]	UTE S, ABELL G C J, HÖDL V, et al. Nitrifiers and denitrifiers respond rapidly to changed moisture and increasing temperature in a pristine forest soil[J]. FEMS microbiology ecology, 2010, 72(3):395-406. doi: 10.1111/j.1574-6941.2010.00853.x pmid: 20298502
[42]	REDDY N, DAVID M C. Quantifying the effects of active and cured greenwaste and dairy manure application and temperature on carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, and dinitrogen emissions from an extreme saline-sodic soil[J]. Catena,2019, 173(2019):83-92.
[43]	谢军飞, 李玉娥. 土壤温度对北京旱地农田N₂O排放的影响[J]. 中国农业气象, 2005(1):8-11.

主处理/℃	副处理	CO₂累积排放量/(g C/kg)	N₂O累积排放量/(mg N/kg)
15	CK	17.27±0.84 e	29.06±1.13 f
	T₁	19.95±1.28 de	25.70±1.97 g
	T₂	21.01±2.13 d	22.83±1.18 h
	T₃	45.46±2.67 c	44.48±0.79 c
	T₄	44.55±4.00 c	40.26±1.44 d
	T₅	44.03±3.24 c	35.05±0.20 e
	N₆	54.22±3.29 b	53.75±0.34 a
	N₇	55.01±4.01 ab	46.59±1.96 b
	N₈	58.96±2.95 a	40.35±1.46 d
25	CK	32.11±1.38 e	69.04±2.22 f
	T₁	38.81±1.96 d	65.13±0.95 h
	T₂	43.25±2.82 c	58.86±1.28 i
	T₃	53.08±2.96 b	75.31±1.38 d
	T₄	59.13±3.43 a	71.97±0.42 e
	T₅	61.19±5.76 a	67.73±0.35 g
	N₆	53.68±3.67 b	100.47±0.83 a
	N₇	59.13±2.33 a	95.34±1.32 b
	N₈	62.09±4.30 a	91.40±0.85 c
35	CK	40.82±0.42 h	82.69±0.86 g
	T₁	46.81±4.50 g	79.67±1.28 h
	T₂	55.51±5.15 f	76.29±1.05 i
	T₃	83.27±4.23 e	110.75±1.83 d
	T₄	97.05±3.65 c	105.39±1.25 e
	T₅	112.08±3.59 b	100.22±1.10 f
	N₆	92.79±3.14 d	141.47±1.16 a
	N₇	113.26±2.72 b	136.34±2.25 b
	N₈	152.39±2.47 a	132.40±1.59 c

主处理/℃	副处理	CO₂累积排放量/(g C/kg)	N₂O累积排放量/(mg N/kg)
15	CK	17.27±0.84 e	29.06±1.13 f
	T₁	19.95±1.28 de	25.70±1.97 g
	T₂	21.01±2.13 d	22.83±1.18 h
	T₃	45.46±2.67 c	44.48±0.79 c
	T₄	44.55±4.00 c	40.26±1.44 d
	T₅	44.03±3.24 c	35.05±0.20 e
	N₆	54.22±3.29 b	53.75±0.34 a
	N₇	55.01±4.01 ab	46.59±1.96 b
	N₈	58.96±2.95 a	40.35±1.46 d
25	CK	32.11±1.38 e	69.04±2.22 f
	T₁	38.81±1.96 d	65.13±0.95 h
	T₂	43.25±2.82 c	58.86±1.28 i
	T₃	53.08±2.96 b	75.31±1.38 d
	T₄	59.13±3.43 a	71.97±0.42 e
	T₅	61.19±5.76 a	67.73±0.35 g
	N₆	53.68±3.67 b	100.47±0.83 a
	N₇	59.13±2.33 a	95.34±1.32 b
	N₈	62.09±4.30 a	91.40±0.85 c
35	CK	40.82±0.42 h	82.69±0.86 g
	T₁	46.81±4.50 g	79.67±1.28 h
	T₂	55.51±5.15 f	76.29±1.05 i
	T₃	83.27±4.23 e	110.75±1.83 d
	T₄	97.05±3.65 c	105.39±1.25 e
	T₅	112.08±3.59 b	100.22±1.10 f
	N₆	92.79±3.14 d	141.47±1.16 a
	N₇	113.26±2.72 b	136.34±2.25 b
	N₈	152.39±2.47 a	132.40±1.59 c

处理	CO₂累积排放量/(g C/kg)	N₂O累积排放量/(mg N/kg)
CK	30.07 h	60.26 g
T₁	35.19 g	56.83 h
T₂	39.92 f	52.66 i
T₃	60.60 e	76.85 d
T₄	66.91 d	72.54 e
T₅	72.43 c	67.67 f
N₆	66.90 d	98.56 a
N₇	75.80 b	92.76 b
N₈	91.15 a	88.05 c

处理	CO₂累积排放量/(g C/kg)	N₂O累积排放量/(mg N/kg)
CK	30.07 h	60.26 g
T₁	35.19 g	56.83 h
T₂	39.92 f	52.66 i
T₃	60.60 e	76.85 d
T₄	66.91 d	72.54 e
T₅	72.43 c	67.67 f
N₆	66.90 d	98.56 a
N₇	75.80 b	92.76 b
N₈	91.15 a	88.05 c

处理/℃	CO₂累积排放量/(g C/kg)	N₂O累积排放量/(mg N/kg)
15	40.05 c	37.56 c
25	51.39 b	77.25 b
35	88.22 a	107.25 a

不同温度下生物炭与氮肥对棉田CO₂和N₂O排放的影响

Effects of Biochar and Nitrogen Fertilizer on CO₂and N₂O Emissions from Cotton Fields at Different Temperatures

RichHTML

PDF (PC)

可视化

摘要/Abstract

引用本文

使用本文

图/表 7

参考文献 43

相关文章 15

编辑推荐

Metrics

本文评价

关于本刊

作者中心

审者中心

在线期刊

联系我们

[1]	陈伟, 俞倩, 叶正钱, 石艳平. 共热解生物炭对农田土壤镉污染修复及水稻吸收和积累镉的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(9): 17-23.
[2]	彭之东, 范娜, 白文斌. 长期定位施肥对粮田土壤质量演变规律及高粱干物质量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(7): 47-51.
[3]	刘诚诚, 蔺雨阳, 何玲, 杨涛, 俞静, 沈杰, 蒋祺, 彭建勇, 兰海. 石漠土结构化培肥下青花椒产量性状与光合行为的平衡[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(6): 60-66.
[4]	白雪原, 苏和, 宗莉, 闫东, 王晓凤, 娜娜. 化肥减量配施矿物生物炭对黄河滩区玉米产量和土壤性质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(12): 14-18.
[5]	范晓玥, 陈斌, 姚立萍, 赵依杰. 施肥处理对番石榴生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2024, 14(12): 45-49.
[6]	李彩斌, 张久权, 何轶. 不同类型土壤上施用生物炭对烤烟氮钾养分积累的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(9): 54-62.
[7]	王平, 谢成俊, 孙振荣, 陈娟, 王镭, 彭文静. 冷凉灌区马铃薯施肥量与种植密度对马铃薯生长及产量的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(6): 17-24.
[8]	张明, 吕志伟, 孙洪仁, 张吉萍, 吕玉才, 刘元青. 中国桃土壤速效钾丰缺指标与适宜施钾量研究[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(4): 61-65.
[9]	张磊, 聂志刚. 补灌量和覆盖量变化对旱地春小麦叶面积指数的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(3): 21-29.
[10]	张迎杰, 王海梅, 李鑫杨. 气候变化背景下内蒙古翁牛特旗玉米气候适宜度变化[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(2): 83-88.
[11]	索龙, 张俊丽, 王蕊, 拜翊莎, 董晓梅, 赵慧, 李明明, 陈强. 全生物降解地膜对渭北台塬土壤水热和作物经济效益的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(1): 32-38.
[12]	刘振元, 班立桐, 杨红澎, 黄亮, 金海东, 张虹, 金波. 不同季节环境因子对香菇子实体中氨基酸生物合成的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2023, 13(1): 39-43.
[13]	赵跃, 黄楠, 刘继培. 生物有机肥配施硅钙钾镁肥对西瓜产量、品质及土壤养分的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(9): 37-41.
[14]	张久权, 余祥文, 凌爱芬, 陈天才. 剪叶和施肥次数对烤烟膜下小苗移栽烟苗素质的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(9): 54-59.
[15]	张剑, 章明奎. 区域农田土壤有效磷的异质特性及其成因[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(8): 43-47.