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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 87-92.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0205

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

三门峡烤烟大田期干旱特征以及主导气象因子分析

蔡涛1,2()   

  1. 1 中国气象局/农业气象保障与应用技术重点实验室,郑州 450003
    2 三门峡气象局,河南三门峡 472000
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-14 修回日期:2025-06-23 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-12
  • 作者简介:

    蔡涛,男,1981年出生,河南三门峡人,高级工程师,学士,研究方向:农业气象服务。通信地址:472200 河南省三门峡市卢氏县气象局,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    三门峡市气象局气象科学技术研究项目“豫西烤烟大田期干旱风险特征分析”(SQ202406)

Analysis of Drought Characteristics and Dominant Meteorological Factors in Field Stage of Flue-cured Tobacco in Sanmenxia

CAI Tao1,2()   

  1. 1 CMA Key Laboratory of Agrometeorological Ensuring and Applied Technique, Zhengzhou 450003
    2 Sanmenxia Meteorological Bureau, Sanmenxia, Henan 472000
  • Received:2024-11-14 Revised:2025-06-23 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-12

摘要:

本研究旨在分析三门峡地区烤烟大田生长阶段的水分供需状况及干旱发生的时空演变规律,以期为精准灌溉决策提供科学支撑。依托区域内4个国家气象站序列数据,选取作物水分亏缺指数(Crop Water Deficit Index, CWDI)作为核心干旱评价指标,系统剖析了1981—2022年近42 a烤烟大田期的干旱时空特征,并运用多元线性回归模型揭示了主导干旱形成的关键气象因子。研究结果表明:1981—2022年三门峡烤烟大田期多年平均需水量、降水量及水分亏缺量分别为492.6 mm、355.1 mm和137.5 mm。就空间分布而言,山地烟区在伸根期、旺长期和成熟期干旱发生概率分别为60%、45%、28%,而丘陵烟区对应时期的概率则高达72%、54%、35%。时间维度上,山地烟区和丘陵烟区干旱高风险时段分别集中于5月中旬—6月上旬、5月中旬—6月下旬,且丘陵烟区干旱风险显著高于山地烟区。进一步分析表明,降水量、日照时长和气温是驱动该地区干旱发生的主要气象因子。基于上述发现,建议在实际生产中需充分考量地形差异及不同生育阶段的干旱态势,制定差异化的应对策略,以保障烤烟生产的可持续发展。

关键词: 烤烟, 作物水分亏缺指数, 干旱概率, 干旱风险, 主导气象因子

Abstract:

The study aimed to accurately monitor and evaluate the drought situation at each growth stage of flue-cured tobacco in Sanmenxia, clarify the high incidence period of drought risk, and provide a scientific basis for effectively avoiding drought risk. Based on the meteorological data of four national meteorological stations in the region, the crop water deficit index (CWDI) was used as the drought index, and the spatiotemporal characteristics of drought in the flue-cured tobacco field from 1981 to 2022 were comprehensively analyzed, and the meteorological factors that dominated the drought were identified by multiple linear regression method. The results showed that the average multi-year water demand, precipitation and water shortage during the field period of flue-cured tobacco in Sanmenxia from 1981 to 2022 were 492.6 mm, 355.1 mm and 137.5 mm, respectively. The probabilities of drought in the mountainous tobacco area at the root-extension stage, flourishing period and mature stage were 60%, 45% and 28% respectively, and 72%, 54% and 35% in the hilly tobacco area. The high-risk periods of drought in mountainous and hilly tobacco areas were from mid-May to early June and mid-May to late June, respectively, and the drought risk in hilly tobacco areas was higher than that in mountainous tobacco areas. The meteorological factors that play a dominant role in drought were precipitation, sunshine time and temperature. In the actual production, it is necessary to fully consider the topographic differences and the changes of drought status of flue-cured tobacco in different periods, and formulate reasonable countermeasures in time.

Key words: flue-cured tobacco, CWDI, drought probability, drought risk, dominant meteorological factors