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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 14 ›› Issue (6): 13-17.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2023-0195

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同形态氮肥配比对安康烤烟生长及产质量的影响研究

陈剑晖1(), 朱峰2, 柯美福2()   

  1. 1 湖北中烟工业有限责任公司，武汉 430000
    2 陕西省烟草公司安康市公司，陕西安康 725000
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-29 修回日期:2024-01-06 出版日期:2024-06-19 发布日期:2024-06-19
  • 通讯作者:
    柯美福，男，1970年出生，陕西旬阳人，高级农艺师，本科，主要从事烟叶栽培与调制技术研究与推广。通信地址：725000 陕西省安康市汉滨区育才西路141号，Tel：0915-3280209，Email：。
  • 作者简介:

    陈剑晖，男，1971年出生，湖北襄阳人，农艺师，本科，主要从事烟叶生产技术研究与推广。通信地址：441058 湖北省襄阳市高新区大力大道99号 湖北中烟襄阳卷烟厂物资采购办公室，Tel：0710-8199728，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    陕西省烟草公司安康市公司重点项目“安康烤烟立体布局构建及综合栽培技术配套研究与推广”(ZY-2021-05)

Effects of Different Types of Nitrogen Fertilizer Ratio on Growth, Yield and Quality of Flue-cured Tobacco in Ankang Area

CHEN Jianhui1(), ZHU Feng2, KE Meifu2()   

  1. 1 Hubei Tobacco Industry Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430000, Hubei, China
    2 Ankang Branch of Shaanxi Tobacco Company, Ankang 725000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2023-08-29 Revised:2024-01-06 Online:2024-06-19 Published:2024-06-19

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摘要：

为进一步探明不同形态氮肥对烤烟生长及产质量的影响，研究了铵态氮和硝态氮不同配比对烤烟生育期、农艺性状、化学成分及感官质量的影响。结果表明：不同氮肥形态处理之间，烟株生育期无明显差异。团棵期不同氮肥形态处理之间农艺性状表现出一定差异，但没有明显规律性。在平顶期，随着铵态氮比例的提高和硝态氮比例的下降，下部烟叶长度和宽度、中部烟叶长度均表现出逐渐增加的趋势，但差异不显著，当铵态氮比例>60%时，中部烟叶宽度下降。铵态氮比例最高时上部烟叶长度显著高于其他处理，但不同形态氮肥施用比例对上部烟叶宽度无明显影响。随着铵态氮肥施用比例的提高，产量、产值、上等烟比例均表现出逐渐升高的趋势。以铵态氮:硝态氮比例为7:3处理产量、产值、上等烟比例和均价最高，但增幅不大。以铵态氮：硝态氮比例≤5:5处理烤后烟叶化学成分更为适宜，比例更为协调。随着铵态氮比例的提高和硝态氮比例的下降，烤后烟叶感官质量表现出先上升后下降的趋势，以铵态氮：硝态氮比例为5:5时感官质量评价得分最高，当铵态氮：硝态氮比例大于5:5时感官质量迅速下降。安康烟区兼顾品质和效益的铵态氮和硝态氮配比为5:5。

关键词: 氮肥形态, 肥料配比, 烤烟, 产质量

Abstract:

To further explore the effects of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer on the growth, yield and quality of flue-cured tobacco, the effects of different ratios of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen on the growth period, agronomic traits, chemical composition and sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco were studied. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the growth period of tobacco plants among different nitrogen fertilizer forms. The agronomic traits of different nitrogen fertilizer treatments showed some differences, but there was no obvious regularity. At the flat-top stage, with the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the length and width of lower tobacco leaves and the length of middle tobacco leaves showed a gradually increasing trend, but the difference was not significant. When the ammonium nitrogen ratio was more than 60%, the width of middle tobacco leaves decreased. When the proportion of ammonium nitrogen was the highest, the length of upper leaves was significantly higher than that of other treatments, but the proportion of different forms of nitrogen fertilizer had no significant effect on the width of upper leaves. With the increase of the proportion of ammonium nitrogen fertilizer application, the yield, output value and the proportion of superior tobacco showed a gradually increasing trend. When the ratio of treatment with ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 7:3, the highest yield, output value, proportion of superior tobacco and average price were obtained, but the increase was not significant. When the ratio of treatment of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was ≤5:5, the chemical composition of flue-cured tobacco leaves was more suitable, and the proportion was more coordinated. With the increase of ammonium nitrogen ratio and the decrease of nitrate nitrogen ratio, the sensory quality of flue-cured tobacco leaves showed a trend of increasing first and then decreasing. The sensory quality evaluation score was the highest when the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was 5:5. When the ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen was greater than 5:5, the sensory quality decreased rapidly. The ratio of ammonium nitrogen to nitrate nitrogen in Ankang tobacco area is 5:5, which takes into account both quality and efficiency.

Key words: nitrogen fertilizer form, fertilizer ratio, flue-cured tobacco, yield and quality