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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (6): 71-76.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0092

• 林学 园艺 园林 食用菌 • 上一篇    下一篇

氮磷钾配施对韭菜产量和品质的影响

秦华伟(), 高俊杰(), 王婷, 韩珑, 刘中良, 陈震, 闫伟强, 谷端银   

  1. 泰安市农业科学院,山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-08 修回日期:2025-01-22 出版日期:2025-06-20 发布日期:2025-06-18
  • 通讯作者:
    高俊杰,男,1970年出生,山东青州人,研究员,博士,主要从事蔬菜栽培生理研究。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号,Tel:0538-8503307,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    秦华伟,女,1981年出生,山东安丘人,农艺师,硕士,主要从事植物营养与肥料研究。通信地址:271000 山东省泰安市泰山区唐王街316号,Tel:0538-8505307,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    山东省蔬菜产业技术体系项目“栽培与肥料岗位专家项目”(SDAIT-05)

Effects of N P K Fertilizers Combined Application on Yield and Quality of Chinese Chive

QIN Huawei(), GAO Junjie(), WANG Ting, HAN Long, LIU Zhongliang, CHEN Zhen, YAN Weiqiang, GU Duanyin   

  1. Tai’an Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Tai’an Shandong 271000
  • Received:2024-05-08 Revised:2025-01-22 Online:2025-06-20 Published:2025-06-18

摘要:

为了给韭菜科学合理施肥提供理论依据,本研究分析不同氮磷钾配比对韭菜产量、品质的影响。采用“3414”肥效试验设计,设定氮(N)、磷(P)、钾(K)这3个因素,每个因素设置0、112.5、225、337.5 kg/hm²共4个水平,总共形成14个处理。测定韭菜分蘖数、单株鲜重、产量和丙酮酸含量等指标,通过拟合产量与氮、磷、钾肥料效应函数得出最佳施用量。结果显示,施用氮、磷、钾肥提高了韭菜的分蘖数、单株鲜重和产量,其中氮肥对产量的影响最大,磷肥次之,钾肥最小。N1、P1、K1时农学效率最高,分别为116.04、73.22、61.75 kg/kg;N2、P2、K2时肥料的贡献率最高,分别为44.34%、27.76%、25.43%;过量施用N、P、K肥的农学效率和贡献率最低。N、P、K肥均能显著影响韭菜丙酮酸含量。高肥力土壤中,N、P、K最佳施肥量为186.32、183.98、179.58 kg/hm2

关键词: 韭菜, 氮肥, 磷肥, 钾肥, 产量, 品质

Abstract:

The effects of different nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium ratios on the yield and quality of Chinese chive were analyzed to provide a theoretical basis for scientific and rational fertilization. The ‘3414’ fertilizer efficiency design was adopted. Three factors of nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) were set up, and four levels of each factor were 0, 112.5, 225 and 337.5 kg/hm2, a total of 14 treatments. The tiller number, fresh weight per plant, yield and pyruvic acid were measured. By fitting the yield and nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizer effect functions, the optimal application amount was determined. The results showed that the application of nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers increased the tillering number, fresh weight per plant, and yield of Chinese chives. The effects of the three fertilizers on yield was in the order of N>P>K. N1, P1 and K1 had the highest agricultural efficiency by 116.04, 73.22 and 61.75 kg/kg. N2, P2 and K2 had the highest contribution rates of fertilizers by 44.34%, 27.76% and 25.43%. However, excessive application of N, P and K fertilizers had the lowest agricultural efficiency and contribution rate. N, P and K fertilizers could significantly affect the content of pyruvic acid. In high fertility soil, the optimal fertilization rates for N, P and K are 186.32, 183.98 and 179.58 kg/hm2.

Key words: Chinese chive, nitrogen fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer, potassium fertilizer, yield, quality