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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1): 65-72.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2013-xb0812

所属专题： 畜牧兽医

• 畜牧 兽医 水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

日本最古老的牛种——见岛牛的研究进展

和占星,张继才,亐开兴,王安奎,黄必志   

  1. 云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南省草地动物科学研究院,云南省草地动物科学研究院
  • 收稿日期:2013-10-21 修回日期:2013-10-21 接受日期:2014-06-23 出版日期:2015-01-29 发布日期:2015-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 和占星 E-mail:hezx81
  • 基金资助:
    云南省科技创新人才计划“云南省技术创新人才培养对象”(2010CI082)；国家肉牛牦牛产业技术体系“昆明综合试验站”(CARS-38)；云南省科技厅重大专项“BMY牛优良性状的形成机制及对比评价研究”(2013FC004)。

Mishima Cattle—The Oldest Bovine Species in Japan—— a ReviewProgress on the Oldest Bovine Species in Japan—Mishima Cattle

  • Received:2013-10-21 Revised:2013-10-21 Accepted:2014-06-23 Online:2015-01-29 Published:2015-01-29

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摘要： 通过对日本见岛牛研究资料的分析，为中国地方珍稀牛种的保护与利用提供启示与借鉴。通过对日本山口大学和山口县农林综合技术中心参观访问和参阅相关见岛牛的研究资料，系统地介绍“见岛牛”的形成过程、生产和繁殖性能及其利用现状。结果表明：见岛牛曾在1928年被指定为日本“国家自然珍宝”，被认为是日本最古老的本土和牛，也是日本极为重要的牛种遗传资源。见岛牛肉质优良，能产生极好的“降霜肉”。通过采用见岛牛公牛（冷冻精液）与荷斯坦母牛杂交方式可生产高产、优质肉牛。见岛牛不但晚熟、体型小、繁殖率低，而且种群数量少，近交系数高。用见岛牛公牛（冷冻精液）改良肉、奶牛生产高产优质肉牛具有良好应用的前景，见岛牛的保种及利用经验对中国地方良种牛遗传资源的保护与开发利用有重要的参考作用。

关键词: 施氮梯度, 施氮梯度, 混植密度, 玉米, 黄顶菊

Abstract: In order to provide the guidance and reference on protection, development and utilization of genetic resources to the local rare bovine species in China, the experience of conservation and utilization on Mishima Cattle in Japan was introduced. The formation process, production and reproductive performances in Mishima Cattle were systematically stated via visiting Yamaguchi University and the Technological Center of Agriculture and Forestry, Yamaguchi Prefecture in Japan, and referring the related data of Mishima Cattle. Mishima Cattle were designated as Japanese‘national natural treasure’in 1928, which was regarded as the oldest Japanese Cattle and the most important bovine resource in Japan. Mishima Cattle had the ability of topquality beef with‘flake meat’. Mishima bull (and/or frozen semen) crossed Holstein cows to produce the hybrids with high yield and high-quality beef. However, Mishima Cattle not only matured later, possessed small body size, low reproduction rate, but also had smaller population size and high inbreeding coefficient. It is practical that Mishima bull and/or frozen semen cross beef and dairy breeds to produce high-quality beef.