花期高温胁迫对黄淮地区夏玉米生产的影响及应对措施研究进展

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191000229

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

本文针对近年来黄淮地区高温频发的气候条件限制,综合当前国内外研究进展,分别从产量和干物质积累、光合、花粉及授粉受精、子粒灌浆、子粒品质和内源激素等6个方面分析了高温胁迫对玉米生产的影响。结果表明：高温对玉米授粉结实、干物质积累及内源激素含量产生影响,降低了玉米光合速率及子粒灌浆速率,从而降低子粒产量。此外,高温提高子粒中蛋白质含量,使淀粉及脂肪含量相对降低,影响子粒品质。结果表明,通过选育、选用抗（耐）高温品种,配以外源激素及微肥的使用,采用适当晚播及合适的水肥栽培措施,可达玉米抗高温高效生产。

关键词: 黄淮, 夏玉米, 高温胁迫, 影响, 高效, 产量

Abstract:

In this paper, the effects of high temperature stress on maize production were analyzed from six aspects including yield and dry matter accumulation, photosynthesis, pollen, pollination and fertilization, seed grout, seed quality and endogenous hormones. The results showed that high temperature affected pollination and seed production, dry matter accumulation and endogenous hormone content of maize, decreased the photosynthetic rate and seed filling rate, thus decreased the seed yield. In addition, high temperature increased the protein content in the seeds, so that the starch and fat content decreased, affecting the quality of the seeds. Through breeding and selection of resistant varieties to high temperature, with the use of exogenous hormones and micro fertilizer, and the adoption of appropriate late sowing and appropriate water and fertilizer cultivation measures, corn efficient production with high temperature resistance could be achieved.

Key words: Huanghuai, Summer Maize, High Temperature Stress, Effect, Efficient, Yield

中图分类号:

S565.1

郭智慧, 刘鹏, 郭良海, 崔慧妮, 高建胜, 郭建军, 董国豪. 花期高温胁迫对黄淮地区夏玉米生产的影响及应对措施研究进展[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(12): 34-37.

Guo Zhihui, Liu Peng, Guo Lianghai, Cui Huini, Gao Jiansheng, Guo Jianjun, Dong Guohao. Effects of High Temperature Stress on Summer Maize and Solutions in Huanghuai Region[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(12): 34-37.

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