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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (7): 1-6.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20191200306

所属专题： 玉米； 烟草种植与生产

• 农艺科学/生理生化 •    下一篇

种植密度对不同株型玉米农艺性状、产量及抗倒伏特性的影响

门洪文1(), 郭守鹏1, 黄昌见1, 于金友2, 康振强3, 王宝国3   

  1. 1济南市农业科学研究院,济南 250316
    2济南市农业技术推广站,济南 250021
    3济南市种子公司,济南 250022
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-16 修回日期:2020-02-08 出版日期:2021-07-20 发布日期:2021-08-04
  • 作者简介:门洪文,男,1986年出生,山东平阴人,助理研究员,硕士,研究方向：玉米育种及农作物栽培。通信地址：250316 济南市长清区明发路717号 济南市农业科学研究院,Tel：0531-87406651,E-mail： jnmhw1986@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    济南市农业应用技术创新计划项目“耐密玉米自交系选育及高产杂交组合筛选”(201919);济南市良种提升工程项目“济南市农作物新品种展示示范”(2019);济南市十大农业特色产业科技创新项目“营养专用农作物新品种筛选及推广应用”(2019)

Effects of Planting Density on Agronomic Traits, Yield and Lodging Resistance of Maize with Different Plant Types

Men Hongwen1(), Guo Shoupeng1, Huang Changjian1, Yu Jinyou2, Kang Zhenqiang3, Wang Baoguo3   

  1. 1Jinan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jinan 250316, Shandong, China
    2Jinan Agricultural Technology Extension Station, Jinan 250021, Shandong, China
    3Jinan Seed Company, Jinan 250022, Shandong, China
  • Received:2019-12-16 Revised:2020-02-08 Online:2021-07-20 Published:2021-08-04

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摘要：

以不同株型的2个玉米品种为材料,探讨种植密度对产量、农艺性状、倒伏率以及茎秆穿刺强度等相关性状的影响。设置7个种植密度,分析了玉米产量、植株农艺性状、倒伏率以及茎秆穿刺强度等指标。结果表明：‘泉玉217’在60000株/hm2条件下产量最高(9325.5 kg/hm2),‘宇玉30’在75000株/hm2条件下产量最高(9640.5 kg/hm2)。随着种植密度的增加,玉米穗行数和千粒重降低;玉米株高、穗位高、基部第3节间长先升高后降低,基部第3节间粗降低。‘泉玉217’产量与节间粗、穗行数、行粒数极显著正相关,与千粒重显著正相关;倒伏率与节间长极显著正相关,与节间粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重以及产量极显著负相关。‘宇玉30’产量与千粒重显著正相关;倒伏率与节间粗、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重极显著负相关。倒伏率增加与玉米茎秆穿刺强度关系密切,随着种植密度的增大,玉米穗下第1节和基部第3节的穿刺强度逐渐降低,基部第3节的穿刺强度显著高于穗下第1节。在相同种植密度下,‘泉玉217’穗下第1节穿刺强度明显低于‘宇玉30’。因此,平展型玉米品种‘泉玉217’在本地区最佳种植密度为60000株/hm2,紧凑型玉米品种‘宇玉30’最适种植密度为75000株/hm2。在从事玉米生产时,要根据玉米品种的株型选择合适的种植密度,平展型玉米品种适当稀植,紧凑型玉米品种可适当密植。

关键词: 玉米, 种植密度, 农艺性状, 产量, 抗倒伏

Abstract:

Two maize varieties of different plant types were used to explore the effects of planting density on yield, plant agronomic traits, lodging rate and stalk puncture intensity, by setting up seven planting densities. The results showed that ‘Quanyu 217’ had the highest yield under the condition of 60000 plants/hm 2 (9325.5 kg/hm2), and ‘Yuyu 30’ had the highest yield under the condition of 75000 plants/hm 2 (9640.5 kg/hm2). With the increase of planting density, the number of ear rows and thousand-grain weight decreased; the plant height, ear height, and the 3rd internode length at the base first increased and then decreased, and the 3rd internode diameter at the base decreased. The yield of ‘Quanyu 217’ was extremely and significantly positively correlated with internode diameter, the number of ear rows, and number of grains per row, and significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight; the lodging rate was extremely and significantly positively correlated with the internode length, and extremely and significantly negatively correlated with internode diameter, number of ear rows, number of grains per row, thousand-grain weight and yield. The yield of ‘Yuyu 30’ was significantly positively correlated with thousand-grain weight; the lodging rate was extremely and significantly negatively correlated with internode diameter, number of ear rows, number of grains per row, and thousand-grain weight. The lodging rate increase was closely related to corn stalk puncture intensity. With the increase of planting density, the puncture intensity of the rachisinternode and the 3 rd internode gradually decreased, and the puncture intensity of the 3rd internode was significantly higher than that of the rachisinternode. At the same planting density, the puncture intensity of the rachisinternode of ‘Quanyu 217’ was significantly lower than that of ‘Yuyu 30’. Therefore, the optimum planting density of the flat corn variety ‘Quanyu 217’ in this region was 60000 plants/hm 2, and the optimum planting density of the compact corn variety ‘Yuyu 30’ was 75000 plants/hm 2. In corn production, the appropriate planting density should be selected according to the plant type of the variety, the flat corn variety should be properly sparsely planted, and the compact corn variety can be properly densely planted.

Key words: Maize, Planting Density, Agronomic Traits, Yield, Lodging Resistance

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