施氮量对玉米光合特性及灌浆特性的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0215

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了在种植高效型玉米品种时能够更合理的施用氮肥,提高氮肥利用效率,本试验以低氮高效型玉米品种‘京农科728’和高氮高效型玉米品种‘先玉335’为供试材料,设置5个氮肥处理：N1(120 kg/hm²),N2(180 kg/hm²),N3(240 kg/hm²),N4(300 kg/hm²),NCK（360 kg/hm²,本地大田生产施氮量）,测定光合特性和籽粒灌浆特性相关数据。结果表明：‘京农科728’在N2处理下拔节期和灌浆期的光合速率较NCK高,差异达显著水平;拔节期蒸腾速率较NCK高,差异达显著水平;抽雄吐丝期的细胞间二氧化碳浓度较NCK低,差异达显著水平。‘先玉335’在N4处理下的抽雄吐丝期的光合速率、蒸腾速率、气孔导度皆显著高于NCK;在灌浆期的光合速率显著高于NCK;在抽雄吐丝期和灌浆期的细胞间二氧化碳浓度显著低于NCK。‘先玉335’的灌浆速率在N4处理下显著高于NCK。因此‘京农科728’施氮量在180 kg/hm² (N2)左右最为适宜;‘先玉335’施氮量在300 kg/hm² (N4)左右最为适宜。

关键词: 玉米, 施氮量, 冀东地区, 光合特性, 籽粒灌浆特性

Abstract:

To apply nitrogen fertilizer more reasonably and improve nitrogen use efficiency in planting high-efficiency maize varieties, low-nitrogen and high-efficiency type maize variety ‘Jingnongke 728’ and high-nitrogen and high-efficiency type maize variety ‘Xianyu 335’ were used as materials, five nitrogen treatments were set up: N1(120 kg/hm²), N2(180 kg/hm²), N3(240 kg/hm²), N4(300 kg/hm²), and NCK (360 kg/hm², nitrogen application rate in local field production). The photosynthetic characteristics and grain filling characteristics of the two maize varieties were measured in this experiment. The results showed that the photosynthetic rate of ‘Jingnongke 728’ under N2 treatment at jointing stage and filling stage was significantly higher than that under NCK, and the transpiration rate at jointing stage was significantly higher than that under NCK, the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration at the tasseling stage was lower than that under NCK, and the difference was significant. The photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate and stomatal conductance of ‘Xianyu 335’ under N4 treatment were significantly higher than those under NCK at the silking stage, and the photosynthetic rate was significantly higher than that under NCK at the filling stage. The intercellular carbon dioxide concentration during tasseling and filling stage was significantly lower than that under NCK. The grain-filling rate of ‘Xianyu 335’ under N4 treatment was significantly higher than that under NCK. Therefore, the optimum nitrogen application rate of ‘Jingnongke 728’ is about 180 kg/hm² (N2), and that of ‘Xianyu 335’ is about 300 kg/hm² (N4).

Key words: maize, nitrogen application rate, eastern Hebei Province, photosynthetic characteristics, grain filling characteristics

中图分类号:

S513

蒙彦宇, 景艳杰, 周印富. 施氮量对玉米光合特性及灌浆特性的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2022, 12(8): 10-15.

MENG Yanyu, JING Yanjie, ZHOU Yinfu. Nitrogen Application Rate: Effects on Photosynthetic Characteristics and Grain Filling Characteristics of Maize[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(8): 10-15.

图/表 8

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品种	处理	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽雄吐丝期	灌浆期
京农科728	N1	33.03±1.16a	29.01±0.18bc	33.51±2.32a	35.17±1.24a
	N2	35.44±0.72a	28.45±0.26c	31.88±1.2a	31.21±1.57b
	N3	33.95±3.21a	30.88±0.92ab	32±0.87a	24.93±0.63c
	N4	26.65±2.75b	31.84±0.76a	31.11±2a	26.25±0.24c
	NCK	30.6±1.18ab	33.02±0.77a	30.3±0.96a	26.89±0.85c
先玉335	N1	39.3±2.75a	32.5±0.52b	31.36±1.18ab	27.75±0.44c
	N2	43±1.28a	32.76±0.37b	28±2.74b	23.84±0.5d
	N3	32.96±0.69b	34.78±0.77ab	27.94±1.25b	27.89±1.61c
	N4	30.97±2.79bc	31.23±2.8b	35.6±1.77a	37.44±0.86a
	NCK	26.44±0.44c	37.46±0.61a	27.56±0.7b	33.15±1.34b

品种	处理	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽雄吐丝期	灌浆期
京农科728	N1	33.03±1.16a	29.01±0.18bc	33.51±2.32a	35.17±1.24a
	N2	35.44±0.72a	28.45±0.26c	31.88±1.2a	31.21±1.57b
	N3	33.95±3.21a	30.88±0.92ab	32±0.87a	24.93±0.63c
	N4	26.65±2.75b	31.84±0.76a	31.11±2a	26.25±0.24c
	NCK	30.6±1.18ab	33.02±0.77a	30.3±0.96a	26.89±0.85c
先玉335	N1	39.3±2.75a	32.5±0.52b	31.36±1.18ab	27.75±0.44c
	N2	43±1.28a	32.76±0.37b	28±2.74b	23.84±0.5d
	N3	32.96±0.69b	34.78±0.77ab	27.94±1.25b	27.89±1.61c
	N4	30.97±2.79bc	31.23±2.8b	35.6±1.77a	37.44±0.86a
	NCK	26.44±0.44c	37.46±0.61a	27.56±0.7b	33.15±1.34b

品种	处理	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽雄吐丝期	灌浆期
京农科728	N1	5.07±0.28b	3.91±0.21ab	6.3±0a	4.93±0.39a
	N2	6.74±0.76a	3.92±0.27ab	3.9±0.4c	3.1±0.45b
	N3	5.89±0.23ab	4.01±0.05ab	3.4±0.21c	2.67±0.19b
	N4	5.74±0.04ab	4.8±0.77a	3.96±0.31c	2.05±0.33b
	NCK	5.4±0.2ab	3.54±0.12b	4.88±0b	2.09±0.55b
先玉335	N1	8.78±1.57a	4.49±0.41a	1.74±0.18c	2.38±0.19a
	N2	7.64±0.22a	4.62±0.3a	1.85±0.37c	2.56±0.67a
	N3	6.26±0.34a	5.63±0.85a	2.06±0.4bc	2.73±0.13a
	N4	7.28±0.02a	5.18±0.65a	3.55±0.07a	2.64±0.26a
	NCK	6.25±0.21a	5.2±0.27a	2.95±0.17ab	3.57±1.01a

品种	处理	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽雄吐丝期	灌浆期
京农科728	N1	5.07±0.28b	3.91±0.21ab	6.3±0a	4.93±0.39a
	N2	6.74±0.76a	3.92±0.27ab	3.9±0.4c	3.1±0.45b
	N3	5.89±0.23ab	4.01±0.05ab	3.4±0.21c	2.67±0.19b
	N4	5.74±0.04ab	4.8±0.77a	3.96±0.31c	2.05±0.33b
	NCK	5.4±0.2ab	3.54±0.12b	4.88±0b	2.09±0.55b
先玉335	N1	8.78±1.57a	4.49±0.41a	1.74±0.18c	2.38±0.19a
	N2	7.64±0.22a	4.62±0.3a	1.85±0.37c	2.56±0.67a
	N3	6.26±0.34a	5.63±0.85a	2.06±0.4bc	2.73±0.13a
	N4	7.28±0.02a	5.18±0.65a	3.55±0.07a	2.64±0.26a
	NCK	6.25±0.21a	5.2±0.27a	2.95±0.17ab	3.57±1.01a

品种	处理	拔节期	大喇叭口期	抽雄吐丝期	灌浆期
京农科728	N1	0.26±0.02bc	0.27±0.02a	0.36±0.01c	0.38±0.06ab
	N2	0.34±0.03ab	0.27±0.01a	0.32±0.03c	0.45±0.03ab
	N3	0.36±0.02a	0.27±0.01a	0.34±0.01c	0.52±0.13ab
	N4	0.23±0.01c	0.3±0.07a	0.41±0b	0.62±0.05a
	NCK	0.25±0.04c	0.23±0.02a	0.55±0a	0.3±0.05b
先玉335	N1	0.38±0ab	0.31±0.03a	0.12±0.02b	0.15±0.02b
	N2	0.43±0.03a	0.37±0a	0.12±0.02b	0.28±0b
	N3	0.31±0.01c	0.35±0.02a	0.2±0.04b	0.54±0.03a
	N4	0.34±0.02bc	0.36±0.05a	0.46±0.04a	0.49±0.06a
	NCK	0.23±0.01d	0.37±0.02a	0.46±0.09a	0.41±0.06a