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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (12): 51-58.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0150

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于GIS的四川盐源耕地土壤养分现状与分布演变特征

游宇1,2(), 熊忠伟1, 林显凤3, 张云梅1, 张良1, 王剑忠4, 江云1()   

  1. 1 盐源县农业农村局, 四川凉山 615700
    2 南充市农业科学院, 四川南充 637000
    3 南充市种子质量监督检验站, 四川南充 637000
    4 凉山彝族自治州农业农村局, 四川西昌 615000
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-18 修回日期:2024-11-21 出版日期:2025-12-20 发布日期:2025-12-16
  • 通讯作者:
    江云,男,1970年出生,四川凉山人,高级农艺师,本科,主要从事农业技术推广。通信地址:615700 四川省凉山州盐源县政府街169号,Tel:0834-6360912,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    游宇,男,1989年出生,重庆长寿人,副研究员,硕士研究生,主要从事农作物栽培技术研究。通信地址:637000 四川省南充市顺庆区农科巷137号,Tel:0817-2810301,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    四川省耕地质量保护与提升行动方案“耕地质量监测调查与评价”(川农函[2022]220号); 四川省农业农村系统帮扶凉山专班(川农函[2022]98号); 国家现代农业产业技术体系-四川省区域特色经济作物创新团队(SCCXTD-2024-12)

Present Situation and Distribution Evolution Characteristics of Soil Nutrients in Cultivated Land of Yanyuan County Based on GIS

YOU Yu1,2(), XIONG Zhongwei1, LIN Xianfeng3, ZHANG Yunmei1, ZHANG Liang1, WANG Jianzhong4, JIANG Yun1()   

  1. 1 Yanyuan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liangshan, Sichuan 615700
    2 Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    3 Seed Quality Supervision and Inspection Station of Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    4 Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xichang, Sichuan 615000
  • Received:2024-07-18 Revised:2024-11-21 Online:2025-12-20 Published:2025-12-16

摘要:

为掌握盐源县耕地土壤养分现状及分布演变特征,促进农业生产绿色高效可持续发展,利用2020—2022年盐源县耕地质量评价项目的土壤调查数据,运用统计学等方法分析耕层土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾等土壤养分含量现状及分布演变特征,为盐源县耕地土壤科学施肥增效提供理论依据。结果表明:盐源县耕地土壤pH、有机质、全氮、有效磷和速效钾平均含量分别为6.52、25.91 g/kg、1.41 g/kg、24.36 mg/kg和168.86 mg/kg,平均综合等级为5.93,耕地整体处于中等水平。从空间分布来看,土壤有机质、全氮均呈现由东向西逐渐增加的趋势,有效磷空间分布则无明显趋势,低值主要分布在梅雨亚高原现代农业示范区和环城城乡融合示范区,速效钾空间分布主要表现为中部地区高于南北地区。从变化趋势来看,2020—2022年pH无明显变化,始终保持在弱酸性水平;有机质和速效钾含量表现为升高趋势,全氮含量呈现出逐步降低的趋势。

关键词: 盐源县, 耕地, 养分, 土壤, 分布, 演变趋势

Abstract:

To understand the current status and patterns of soil nutrient distribution in cultivated land in Yanyuan County, and to promote environmentally friendly, efficient, and sustainable agricultural practices, this study utilized soil survey data from the cultivated land quality evaluation project conducted in Yanyuan County from 2020 to 2022. Statistical methods were employed to analyze the pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in the topsoil, providing a theoretical foundation for scientific fertilization of cultivated land in Yanyuan County. The results showed that the average levels of pH, organic matter, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, and available potassium in Yanyuan County were pH 6.52, 25.91 g/kg, 1.41 g/kg, 24.36 mg/kg and 168.86 mg/kg, respectively, resulting in an average comprehensive grade of 5.93, which suggested a moderate overall quality of the cultivated land. Spatially, soil organic matter and total nitrogen levels increased from east to west, while available phosphorus exhibited no discernible trend, with lower values concentrated in specific areas. Available potassium levels were higher in the central region compared to the north-south region. Over the period from 2020 to 2022, pH remained stable at a weak acid level, organic matter and available potassium levels increased, whereas total nitrogen levels gradually decreased.

Key words: Yanyuan County, cultivated land, nutrient, soil, distribution, evolution trend