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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (2): 1-8.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0223

• 农艺科学 生理生化 •    下一篇

种植密度和播期对强筋小麦‘新麦58’农艺性状及产量的影响

王映红(), 李晓航, 李永珍, 马华平, 董昀()   

  1. 新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡 453002
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24 修回日期:2025-03-31 出版日期:2026-02-20 发布日期:2026-02-12
  • 通讯作者:
    董昀,男,1966年出生,河南辉县人,研究员,学士,研究方向:小麦栽培与遗传育种。通信地址:453002 河南省新乡市新二街518号 新乡市农业科学院,Tel:0373-3670709,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    王映红,女,1975年出生,河南新乡人,研究员,硕士,研究方向:小麦遗传育种。通信地址:453002 河南省新乡市新二街518号 新乡市农业科学院,Tel:0373-3670709,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    河南省重点研发专项“优质强筋绿色高产高效小麦新品种选育与示范推广”(231111112900)

Effects of Planting Density and Sowing Date on Yield and Agronomic Characteristics of Strong Gluten Wheat Variety ‘Xinmai 58’

WANG Yinghong(), LI Xiaohang, LI Yongzhen, MA Huaping, DONG Yun()   

  1. Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang, Henan 453002
  • Received:2024-12-24 Revised:2025-03-31 Online:2026-02-20 Published:2026-02-12

摘要:

为筛选出‘新麦58’适宜的播期和种植密度组合,本研究于2023—2024年度在河南省郸城县国家农高区示范园内开展,试验采用两因素裂区设计,播期设为主区,播量设为副区。主区设置4个播期,分别为10月17日、10月25日、11月1日、11月8日;副区设置3种不同播量,分别为150、187.5、225 kg/hm2,旨在探索不同播期和种植密度对‘新麦58’生育时期、不同时期群体、干物质积累、株高、产量及产量三要素的影响。结果表明:在生育时期方面,随着播期的推迟,各个生育时期均相应推迟,但生育期有所缩短,而种植密度对生育时期的影响较小。在群体影响方面,不同播期对各个时期的群体影响较小,播量是影响群体的主要因素。在干物质和产量方面,不同处理对干物质重量和产量的影响表现不一致。晚播会影响干物质积累,但加大播量,可以弥补产量的损失。在产量三要素及株高方面,影响成穗数的主要因素是播量,而播期对穗粒数、千粒重和株高均有较大影响,不同处理及处理间互作,产量均有显著性差异。综合各项指标得出,‘新麦58’的适宜播期为10月17日—25日,适宜播量为187.5 kg/hm2,若播期偏晚,适当加大播量可以提高产量水平。

关键词: 种植密度, 播期, 强筋小麦, ‘新麦58’, 产量

Abstract:

To screen the suitable sowing date and planting density combination for ‘Xinmai 58’, a two factor split field experiment was conducted in the National Agricultural High Tech Zone Demonstration Park in Dancheng County, Henan Province from 2023 to 2024, with the sowing dates (October 17, October 25, November 1, November 8) being the main area and the sowing amounts (150 kg/hm2, 187.5 kg/hm2, 225 kg/hm2) being the sub area, to explore the effects of different sowing dates and planting densities on the growth stage, population at different stages, dry matter accumulation, plant height, yield, and yield of ‘Xinmai 58’. The results indicate that: as the sowing periodis postponed, all growth stages are delayed, but the growth period is shortened, and the impact of planting density on the growth period is relatively small. The impact of different sowing periods on the population at different stages is relatively small, and sowing amountis the main factor affecting the population. The effects of different treatments on dry matter weight and yield are inconsistent. Late sowing affects dry matter accumulation, but increasing sowing amount can compensate for the loss of yield. The main factor affecting the number of spikes is sowing amount, and sowing date has a significant impact on the number of grains per ear, thousand grain weight, and plant height. Different treatments and their interactions result in significant differences in yield. The suitable sowing period for ‘Xinmai 58’ is from October 17th to 25th, with a suitable sowing amount of 187.5 kg/hm2. If the sowing period is too late,, increasing the sowing amount appropriately can improve the yield level.

Key words: planting density, sowing date, strong gluten wheat, ‘Xinmai 58’, yield