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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (4): 6-11.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0204

• 农艺科学 生理生化 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同外源激素对甘蓝型油菜‘农大1号’和‘中双11’农艺性状及生理特性影响研究

严薇1(), 徐玉梅1, 谭明辉2(), 张振乾1()   

  1. 1 湖南农业大学农学院， 长沙 410128
    2 湘乡市农技推广中心， 湖南湘乡 411400
  • 收稿日期:2024-12-10 修回日期:2025-02-15 出版日期:2026-04-15 发布日期:2026-04-15
  • 通讯作者:
    谭明辉，男，1971年出生，湖南湘乡人，高级农艺师，本科，从事油菜栽培技术研究与推广。通信地址：411400 湖南省湘乡市农技推广中心，E-mail：；
    张振乾，男，1977年出生，河南南阳人，副教授，博士，主要从事油菜育种研究，通信地址：410128 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区东湖街道湖南农业大学，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    严薇，女，1999年出生，云南宣威人，硕士研究生，主要从事油菜育种研究。通信地址：410128 湖南省长沙市芙蓉区东湖街道湖南农业大学，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    湖南省自科基金“早熟油菜关键基因BnaILR挖掘与功能研究”(2025JJ50128)

Effects of Different Exogenous Hormones on Agronomic and Physiological Characteristics of Brassica napus ‘Nongda No.1’ and ‘Zhongshuang 11’

YAN Wei1(), XU Yumei1, TAN Minghui2(), ZHANG Zhenqian1()   

  1. 1 College of Agriculture, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha 410128
    2 Xiangxiang Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Xiangxiang, Hunan 411400
  • Received:2024-12-10 Revised:2025-02-15 Online:2026-04-15 Published:2026-04-15

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摘要：

针对甘蓝型油菜早熟品种选育需求迫切、外源激素调控早熟机制尚不明确的问题，为揭示不同外源激素BR、GA3、NAA对甘蓝型油菜早熟的调控效应及生理基础，以‘农大1号’和‘中双11’油菜品种为试验材料，在5~6叶期分别喷施油菜素内酯(BR)、赤霉素(GA3)、萘乙酸(NAA) 3种外源激素，以清水处理为对照，于处理后7 d测定农艺性状和生理指标。在油菜5~6叶期喷施BR、GA3和NAA，发现冬前苗期促使油菜快速生长，叶长和叶宽减小，根茎粗增加，其中NAA处理下的‘农大1号’株高显著增加；收获期均促进株高生长，其中NAA和GA3处理熟期明显缩短：‘农大1号’早7 d，‘中双11’早5 d，且NAA处理显著增加角果长度和粒数，并降低硫苷含量；生理测定显示：处理后7 d，NAA处理显著提升叶片CAT活性，其中‘中双11’最高(356.80 μmol/g)，蕾薹期‘农大1号’叶片CAT活性除NAA处理外均低于对照；NAA处理显著增强薹部CAT活性，使‘农大1号’和‘中双11’分别达对照的1.3倍(146.31 vs 111.82 μmol/g)和1.6倍(135.89 vs 87.14 μmol/g)；BR处理7 d后显著提高'农大1号'MDA含量，蕾薹期逐渐降低，GA3处理使薹MDA含量达对照2倍，NAA处理使叶MDA含量增至1.9倍；NAA和GA3处理显著增强蕾薹期POD活性，分别达对照的1.6倍和2.3倍，7 d后‘农大1号’叶片SOD活性增强，‘中双11’GA3处理的增加,而在其蕾薹期叶片和薹中GA3与BR处理的SOD活性均低于对照。喷施NAA、GA3和BR增强油菜抗逆性并促进早熟；喷施NAA能使叶和薹抵受胁迫，而NAA和GA3对薹影响较为显著，可促进薹伸长；喷施7 d后可作为植物生长发育的重要节点。本研究为油菜早熟栽培调控及品种改良提供了科学依据，未来可结合内源激素含量与相关基因表达分析，深化激素调控早熟的分子机制研究。

关键词: 甘蓝型油菜, 早熟, 萘乙酸, 油菜素内酯, 赤霉素, 蕾薹期, 农艺性状, 生理特性

Abstract:

To investigate the regulatory mechanisms of exogenous hormones on early maturation in Brassica napus, two cultivars, 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', were utilized as experimental materials. Plants at the 5-6 leaf stage were treated with foliar sprays of brassinosteroids (BR), gibberellic acid (GA3), or 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), with a distilled water spray serving as the control. Agronomic traits and physiological indicators were analyzed 7 days after treatments. The application of BR, GA3, or NAA promoted pre-winter rapid growth, resulting in reduced leaf length and width but increased root and stem thickness. Notably, NAA treatment significantly enhanced plant height in 'Nongda No.1'. At harvest, all hormone treatments increased final plant height. Moreover, NAA and GA3 significantly shortened the time to maturity, with 'Nongda No.1' maturing 7 days earlier and 'Zhongshuang 11' maturing 5 days earlier compared to the control. The NAA treatment also positively influenced yield-related traits by increasing pod length and seed number per pod, while reducing glucosinolate content. Physiological analyses revealed that 7 days after treatments, NAA significantly elevated leaf catalase (CAT) activity, with 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibiting the highest level (356.80 μmol/g). During the bolting stage, leaf CAT activity in 'Nongda No. 1' exceeded that of the control across all treatments except NAA. Conversely, NAA treatment significantly enhanced stem CAT activity, reaching 1.3-fold (146.31 vs. 111.82 μmol/g) and 1.6-fold (135.89 vs. 87.14 μmol/g) of the control levels in 'Nongda No.1' and 'Zhongshuang 11', respectively.BR treatment significantly increased the malondialdehyde (MDA) content in 'Nongda No.1' after 7 days, which gradually decreased during the bud-to-spike stage. At the spike stage, GA3 treatment resulted in an MDA content twice that of the control, while NAA increased leaf MDA content to 1.9 times the control level. Both NAA and GA3 treatments significantly enhanced peroxidase (POD) activity during the bud-to-spike stage, reaching 1.6-fold and 2.3-fold of the control, respectively. Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in 'Nongda No.1' leaves increased 7 days after treatment. During the budding and stem elongation stages, 'Zhongshuang 11' exhibited enhanced SOD activity in leaves under GA3 treatment. However, SOD activity in both the leaves and stems of GA3- and BR-treated 'Zhongshuang 11' plants was lower than in the control during this period.In conclusion, the foliar application of NAA, GA3, and BR enhances stress tolerance and promotes early maturity in rapeseed. NAA enables both leaves and stems to better withstand stress, while NAA and GA3 exert a more pronounced effect on stem elongation. The period 7 days after application represents a critical phase for these hormonal regulations of plant growth and development.

Key words: Brassica napus L., early maturity, naphthaleneacetic acid, brassinosteroids, gibberellin, budding stage, agronomic traits, physiological characteristics