Effects of Calabash Rootstock Grafting on Growth, Fruit Traits and Yield of Watermelon

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2021-0075

Abstract

Abstract:

The effects of watermelon scion ‘Zaojia’ grafted on seven calabash rootstocks on the survival rate, plant growth, fruit traits, yield and disease resistance were analyzed in this study. A grafted survival rate over 93% was observed in all rootstocks, indicating that they had good compatibility with the scion. Compared with the control, earlier flowering of female flowers and certain effects on fruit traits and yield were observed in all rootstocks’ grafting scion. Furthermore, the watermelon plants grafted on rootstocks ‘Jingxinzhen 1’ and ‘Huoshen’ had enhanced plant growth. The grafted plants on ‘Huoshen’ showed better disease resistance with the disease incidence rate of 21.67%, followed by those on ‘Jingxinzhen 1’ (30.00%). According to these results, the rootstock ‘Jingxinzhen 1’ and ‘Huoshen’ showed better grafting compatibility with ‘Zaojia’, including enhanced plant growth, increased single melon weight, similar fruit appearance and quality to that of scion, better disease resistance, and more than 20% yield increase. Therefore, ‘Jingxinzhen 1’ and ‘Huoshen’ could be used as candidate varieties for the selection of rootstock in watermelon grafting.

Key words: watermelon, calabash rootstock, graft, growth, fruit traits, yield

CLC Number:

S651

ZOU Yijing, JIANG Jianhong, WANG Guangfeng, HUANG Kaimei, LIANG Dagang, YAN Shaobing. Effects of Calabash Rootstock Grafting on Growth, Fruit Traits and Yield of Watermelon[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2022, 12(3): 50-54.

Figures/Tables 4

References 25

[1]	李文兰, 李文军, 秦峰. 西瓜转基因苗的获得及大田移栽[J]. 广西园艺, 2007, 18(1):33-35.
[2]	范敏, 郭平安, 何艳军, 等. 浙江西瓜研究70年发展回顾与展望[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2019, 32(8):31-35.
[3]	BEN D M. The effects of grafting watermelon (Citrullus vulgaris Shr.) on several root stocks, on plant growth, fruit production, quality and resistance to Fusarium wilt[J]. Centre international de haudes agronomiques mediterranceennes, 1994(130):123-128.
[4]	于贤昌, 王立江. 蔬菜嫁接的研究与应用[J]. 山东农业大学学报, 1998(6):249-251.
[5]	MIGUEL A, MAROTO J V, BAUTISTA A, et al. The grafting of triploid watermelon is an advantageous alternative to soil fumigation by methlbromide for control of Fusarium wilt[J]. Scientia horticulturae, 2004, 13(1):9-17. doi: 10.1016/0304-4238(80)90016-3 URL
[6]	COLLAA, ROUPHAELB, CARDARELLI, et al. The effectiveness of grafting to improve alkalinity tolerance in watermelon[J]. Environmental and Experimental Botany, 2010, 8(3):283-291.
[7]	YETISIR H, SARIN, YUCEL S. Rootstock resistance to Fusarium wilt and effect on watermelon fruit yield and quality[J]. Phytoparasitica, 2003, 31(2):163-169. doi: 10.1007/BF02980786 URL
[8]	冯春梅, 莫云彬, 潘晓畴, 等. 不同砧木嫁接对西瓜抗病性及主要经济性状的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2006, 22(2):289-291.
[9]	陈润兴, 汪惠芳, 张法权, 等. 不同砧木品种嫁接西瓜对其品质及抗病性的影响[J]. 现代农业科技, 2006(17):21-23.
[10]	俞更才. 日光温室的西瓜嫁接效应研究[J]. 甘肃科学学报, 2002, 14(6):66-69.
[11]	常高正, 张慎璞, 杨红丽, 等. 不同砧木嫁接对西瓜生长发育及产量的影响[J]. 湖北农业科学, 2009, 48(10):2466-2468.
[12]	杨小振, 张显, 张宁, 等. 嫁接砧木对西瓜品质影响的研究进展[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2013, 26(2):1-5.
[13]	陈文明, 钟川, 廖建杰, 等. 双砧木嫁接对西瓜生长及果实品质的影响[J]. 中国瓜菜, 2017, 30(7):13-16.
[14]	马国斌, 严秀琴, 倪秀红, 等. 设施栽培西瓜专用砧木的筛选[J]. 上海农业学报, 2005, 21(3):9-12.
[15]	韩志平, 郭世荣, 朱国荣, 等. 砧木对嫁接西瓜生长发育、产量和品质的影响[J]. 中国蔬菜, 2006(2):22-23.
[16]	李涵, 王志伟, 崔丽红, 孙小武. 西瓜嫁接技术与产业发展的研究进展[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2014(10):1-4.
[17]	刘慧英, 朱祝军, 吕国华. 低温胁迫对嫁接西瓜耐冷性和活性氧清除系统的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, 15(4):659-662.
[18]	YAN Y Y, WANG S S, WEI M, et al. Effect of different rootstocks on the salt stress tolerance in watermelon seedlings[J]. Horticultural plant journal, 2018, 4(6):239-249. doi: 10.1016/j.hpj.2018.08.003 URL
[19]	YETISIR H, CALISKAN M E, SOYLU S, et al. Some physiological and growth responses of watermelon [Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. and Nakai] grafted onto Lagenaria siceraria to flooding[J]. Environmental and experimental botany, 2006, 58(1/2/3):1-8. doi: 10.1016/j.envexpbot.2005.06.010 URL
[20]	COLLA G, ROUPHAEL Y, CARDARELLI M A, et al. Improving the mineral nutrition in grafted watermelon plants: nitrogen metabolism[J]. Biologia plantarum, 2000, 43(4):607-609. doi: 10.1023/A:1002856117053 URL
[21]	吴圣云. 葫芦种质资源西瓜嫁接适用性评价及多样性分析[D]. 武汉:华中农业大学, 2015.
[22]	刘龙洲, 翟文强, 陈建才, 等. 早佳(8424)西瓜高效嫁接砧木品种筛选与鉴定[J]. 园艺学报, 2013, 40(S):2699.
[23]	SAKATA Y, TAKAYOSHI O, MITSUHIRO S. The history and present state of the grafting of cucurbitaceous vegetables in Japan[J]. Acta hort, 2007, 731:159-170.
[24]	房超, 李跃建, 刘小俊, 等. 不同砧木品种对嫁接西瓜生长、产量和品质的影响[J]. 长江蔬菜, 2009(2):27-28.
[25]	ALAN O, OZDEMIR N, GUNEN Y. Effect of grafting on watermelon plant growth, yield and quality[J]. Journal of agronomy, 2007, 6(2):362-365. doi: 10.3923/ja.2007.362.365 URL

品种	嫁接前		移栽前		蔓长/m	第一雌花节位/节	叶片数/片	叶面积/cm²
品种	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	蔓长/m	第一雌花节位/节	叶片数/片	叶面积/cm²
强根	3.54c	5.29a	10.12b	5.96a	4.02ab	7.60b	45.11a	457.40b
21T002	4.70ab	4.81ab	10.66ab	5.09b	4.71a	7.47b	46.44a	495.93b
将军	4.72ab	5.04ab	13.18a	5.28b	3.21b	8.47ab	39.44b	424.40b
京欣砧1号	4.46bc	4.69ab	12.72a	4.74b	4.62a	8.00ab	46.67a	587.93a
火神	4.68ab	4.84ab	10.76ab	4.76b	4.63a	7.40b	45.33a	581.93a
冠军	5.46a	4.42b	12.32ab	4.98b	3.37b	8.20ab	39.22b	431.80b
FR神通力	4.78ab	4.81ab	12.04ab	4.85b	3.89ab	7.93b	42.11ab	484.53b
早佳(CK)	1.91d	1.48c	12.82a	3.56c	4.33a	8.73a	46.78a	521.53ab

品种	嫁接前		移栽前		蔓长/m	第一雌花节位/节	叶片数/片	叶面积/cm²
品种	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	株高/cm	茎粗/mm	蔓长/m	第一雌花节位/节	叶片数/片	叶面积/cm²
强根	3.54c	5.29a	10.12b	5.96a	4.02ab	7.60b	45.11a	457.40b
21T002	4.70ab	4.81ab	10.66ab	5.09b	4.71a	7.47b	46.44a	495.93b
将军	4.72ab	5.04ab	13.18a	5.28b	3.21b	8.47ab	39.44b	424.40b
京欣砧1号	4.46bc	4.69ab	12.72a	4.74b	4.62a	8.00ab	46.67a	587.93a
火神	4.68ab	4.84ab	10.76ab	4.76b	4.63a	7.40b	45.33a	581.93a
冠军	5.46a	4.42b	12.32ab	4.98b	3.37b	8.20ab	39.22b	431.80b
FR神通力	4.78ab	4.81ab	12.04ab	4.85b	3.89ab	7.93b	42.11ab	484.53b
早佳(CK)	1.91d	1.48c	12.82a	3.56c	4.33a	8.73a	46.78a	521.53ab

品种	瓜横径/cm	瓜纵径/cm	果形指数	瓜皮厚/cm	中心糖/%	边糖/%	糖度梯度
强根	17.55a	18.40a	1.05a	1.08a	10.95a	8.30a	2.65ab
21T002	17.10a	17.75ab	1.04a	0.83ab	11.40a	7.90a	3.50a
将军	15.90b	16.45b	1.04a	0.93ab	11.05a	8.30a	2.75ab
京欣砧1号	16.75ab	17.80ab	1.06a	0.80ab	11.30a	8.20a	3.10ab
火神	17.25a	17.50ab	1.02a	0.83ab	10.80a	9.10a	1.70b
冠军	17.00ab	17.30ab	1.02a	0.78b	10.55a	9.10a	1.45b
FR神通力	16.85ab	16.75b	0.99a	0.88ab	11.30a	8.95a	2.35ab
早佳(CK)	17.00ab	17.55ab	1.04a	0.88ab	10.95a	8.10a	2.85ab

品种	瓜横径/cm	瓜纵径/cm	果形指数	瓜皮厚/cm	中心糖/%	边糖/%	糖度梯度
强根	17.55a	18.40a	1.05a	1.08a	10.95a	8.30a	2.65ab
21T002	17.10a	17.75ab	1.04a	0.83ab	11.40a	7.90a	3.50a
将军	15.90b	16.45b	1.04a	0.93ab	11.05a	8.30a	2.75ab
京欣砧1号	16.75ab	17.80ab	1.06a	0.80ab	11.30a	8.20a	3.10ab
火神	17.25a	17.50ab	1.02a	0.83ab	10.80a	9.10a	1.70b
冠军	17.00ab	17.30ab	1.02a	0.78b	10.55a	9.10a	1.45b
FR神通力	16.85ab	16.75b	0.99a	0.88ab	11.30a	8.95a	2.35ab
早佳(CK)	17.00ab	17.55ab	1.04a	0.88ab	10.95a	8.10a	2.85ab

品种	单瓜重/kg	小区产量/kg	产量/(kg/hm²)	比对照增产率/%	田间发病率/%
强根	2.79ab	22.56ab	20301.00ab	6.68	45.00ab
21T002	2.69ab	23.14ab	20826.00ab	9.44	33.33ab
将军	2.11b	15.96b	14364.00b	-24.52	65.00a
京欣砧1号	3.09a	26.29a	23661.00a	24.34	30.00b
火神	2.73ab	25.59a	23034.00a	21.05	21.67b
冠军	2.52ab	22.10ab	19890.00ab	4.52	38.34ab
FR神通力	2.40b	20.30ab	18273.00ab	-3.97	50.00ab
早佳(CK)	2.49ab	21.14ab	19029.00ab		55.00ab