Current issue

• 2018 Vol.8 No.6 Published:26 June 2018

  Selection, Breeding and Cultivation of Spring Sowing SMV-resistant Edamame New Variety‘Sukui No.2’ 2018, 8 (6):  .  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17040038 Abstract + ( 1004 )   PDF ( 1247KB )   ( 428 ) The aim is to select and breed the high- yield spring sowing new edamame variety with SMV resistance and moderate mature stage. The Legumes Breeding Laboratory in Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences used‘0118-1-1-2’with excellent resistance and‘Liaoxian No.1’for hybridization. The resistance identification for many years and many places and the selection of yield and quality were conducted. The spring sowing SMV-resistant edamame new variety was selected and bred, and named as‘Sukui No.2’. This variety had the characteristics of high yield, good edible quality, and the resistance to two popular SMV strains SC3 and SC7 in south China, and could be used for spring sowing in Jiangsu Province.‘Sukui No.2’was certificated by Jiangsu Province Crop Variety Approval Committee (Variety certificate number: 2016-1-16) in June 2016.

  Advances in Strigolactones Regulating the Dormancy of Rice Tiller Bud 2018, 8 (6):  5-9.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050028 Abstract + ( 727 )   PDF ( 1188KB )   ( 588 ) Chemical control of the ineffective tillering in high-yield rice cultivation has been the hotspot and the future research direction. However, the appropriate chemical regulator has not been found yet. Strigolactones are newly discovered hormone precursors and have been shown in the regulation of rice tillering, while the regulation mechanism and signal transduction pathways of strigolactones are still unclear. In this study, the author summarized the regulation of strigolactones on rice tillering, the synthesis and signal transduction pathway of strigolactones, and the mechanism of strigolactones in controlling rice tillering. It is considered that strigolactones are able to inhibit the tillering of rice, and it might play a role in two pathways, by preventing auxin export in tiller buds or inhibiting buds outgrowth through directly entering tiller buds. The author also discussed current problems in the research, and proposed the application prospect of strigolactones regulating the tillering in field production of rice.

  Field Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents in Controlling Wheat Scab 2018, 8 (6):  10-14.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100010 Abstract + ( 594 )   PDF ( 1253KB )   ( 599 ) In order to improve the control effect of wheat scab, the study takes Wheat Zheng 7689 as test material to examine the effects of five different biocontrol agents，which are Bacillus Subtilis WP, Amino-oligosaccharide AS, Shinyomycin SC, Oligosaccharin AS, Jinggang Bacillus Cereus SC and two different Carbendazims, which are Jinggang Carbendazim SC, Carbendazim WP for wheat scab on field in Henan Plain. The results indicate that in heavy wheat scab periods，twice usages of biocontrol agents significantly improve the effects of disease prevention thus twice usages of biocontrol agents are necessary. Furthermore, in the initial stage of flowering and the stage of blossoming, the best treatment of wheat scab is the usage of Jinggang Carbendazim during treatment stage ⑥, with a 78.21% prevention effect of wheat ear disease and a 80.55% of disease control. The usage of Carbendazim,Shinzamycin and Bacillus Subtilis during treatment stage ⑦,③ and①show no big differences on disease control effect with ratios more than 75%. Jinggang Carbendazim during treatment ⑥ performs the best yield-increasing effect with a 26.51% increasing rate followed by Carbendazim during treatment ⑦, 25.03%. To conclude, Jinggang Carbendazim is relatively advantageous as the first choice, while Carbendazim remains useful. Bacillus Subtilis and Shinzamycin can be used as feasible alternatives of Carbendazim .

  Leptosphaera maculans in China: Hazard Risk Analysis and Prevention Strategy 胡宝成 and 2018, 8 (6):  15-20.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17080003 Abstract + ( 613 )   PDF ( 1320KB )   ( 851 ) The study aims to strengthen the understanding of Leptosphaera maculans of rapeseed, improve the prevention and quarantine awareness, control the spread, epidemic and harm of the disease, protect the safe production of rapeseed in China and promote the healthy development of rapeseed industry. By analyzing the distribution, economic harmfulness, invasion possibility and difficulty of prevention and control of L. maculans at home and aboard, and taking into consideration the economic, ecological and social benefits of rapeseed, the authors evaluated the hazard risk of L. maculans with reference to the international pest risk analysis method. The results showed that: the risk value of L. maculans in China was 2.59, belonging to special high risk level. Since the invasion of the pathogen might bring a tremendous threat to the rapeseed production in China, we should take strategies such as import quarantine, inspection of the pathogen and resistance breeding.

  Land Use of Municipal Sludge and Its Environmental Impacts: Research Progress 刘学娅, and 冷平生 2018, 8 (6):  21-27.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110024 Abstract + ( 663 )   PDF ( 1401KB )   ( 897 ) Municipal sludge has increased dramatically with rapid urbanization and increasing sewage treatment rate in China, it is urgent to dispose the municipal sludge with minimization, harmlessness and resource utilization. The municipal sludge is rich in organic matter and minerals, which is beneficial to improving soil chemical and physical properties. Therefore, the land use of municipal sludge is one of the main disposals. But the municipal sludge also contains considerable amounts of heavy metals, pathogens and toxic organics, its direct land use may be seriously harmful to eco-environment, therefore, it is of great significance to explore safety and reasonable disposal technologies of municipal sludge. The study reviewed the recent research advances of municipal sludge land use from the following four aspects: (1)the municipal sludge disposal method; (2) the pre-treatment of municipal sludge; (3) the environmental pollution of municipal sludge land use; (4) the restorative effect of plants on municipal sludge, and discussed future development of reasonable land use of municipal sludge.

  A Regional Rainstorm in Weihe River Basin in Shaanxi 2018, 8 (6):  28-32.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110003 Abstract + ( 483 )   PDF ( 1664KB )   ( 668 ) By using the precipitation data of Shaanxi automatic station and the reanalysis data of NECP/NCAR, the rainstorm weather in Weihe River Basin from August 24 to 25, 2016 was analyzed. The results showed that the rainstorm occurred under strong subtropical anticyclone, the cold air diffusion in middle troposphere, the low level shear line and cold front on the ground were the main weather system of the rainstorm; the western area of the river basin was mainly affected by the energy front and high energy region system, with lightning and heavy rain; the middle-east area was mainly affected by energy front transit, with strong winds and heavy rain; the northeast rapids of the lower troposphere provided the main source of water vapor for this storm, the join of northeast rapids and southerly wind caused strengthening convergence, which made the short-time strong rainfall possible; rainstorm divergence from low to high showed a dual structure of obviously convergence- divergence, which was conducive to the formation and maintenance of mesoscale convective system; heavy rain area vertical velocity showed a rise—sink—rise—sink distribution, the decrease of maximum value and altitude value was beneficial to the development and maintenance of convection, and the convection was gradually weakened when the maximum value and altitude value were in the same level distribution.

  Sowing Time of Different Brassica napus Varieties in Shigatse 2018, 8 (6):  33-38.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17060004 Abstract + ( 427 )   PDF ( 1138KB )   ( 524 ) This paper aims at selecting proper cultivation varieties of Brassica napus in Shigatse, Tibet. Variety ‘2137’,‘Qingza 4’,‘Qingza 7’and‘Jinghua 165’introduced from Qinghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences were used as materials. The growth period, economic traits and yield traits were studied by means of different sowing time. The results showed that the growth period was shortened and the plants’economic traits, yield components and yield decreased with the postponing of sowing time. The yield was the highest when the sowing was carried out on April 27, and sowing after May 17 could probably make the plants expose to early frost of autumn and result in the failure of natural maturity. Therefore, the appropriate sowing time of B. napus varieties in Shigatse can be set in late April.

  Creating and Utilization of Backbone Parent of‘Zhujiao’Series 2018, 8 (6):  39-42.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090006 Abstract + ( 504 )   PDF ( 1157KB )   ( 686 ) This paper summarized the selection process of‘9711’which was a backbone parent bred from the local variety‘124 cayenne pepper’of Henan, and carried out the pedigree analysis. The results showed that 14 pepper cultivars were bred by using backbone parent‘9711’directly or indirectly. And then we analyzed the reasons that made‘9711’ the backbone parent of‘Zhujiao’series, which provided references for the creation of new pepper germplasm resource and breeding of pepper new variety.

  Effects of Different Exogenous Hormone Treatments on Okra Seed Germination 2018, 8 (6):  43-46.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110017 Abstract + ( 550 )   PDF ( 1163KB )   ( 575 ) To clarify the effects of different exogenous hormones on the germination of okra seeds, we studied the effects of three exogenous hormones on seed germination of two okra cultivars by soaking the seeds with different concentrations of GA3 and NAA. The results showed that: (1) soaking the seeds of the two cultivars in 100 mg/L GA3, the seed germination rate, germination potential and germination index were significantly increased by 12.67%, 12.67% and 2.62%, respectively, compared with those of the control group, for‘Lingyun No.2’, when the concentration was 250 mg/L, the three indexes reached the maximum; (2) soaking the seeds of the two cultivars in different concentrations of NAA, the germination rate, germination potential and germination index were gradually decreasing, 5-25 mg/L NAA inhibited the seed germination of‘Manicure Finger’, soaking the seeds of‘Lingyun No.2’in 5 mg/L NAA, the three indexes reached the maximum. Comprehensive analysis showed that GA3 and NAA could both promote the germination of okra seeds.

  Effects of Different Mediums on Growth and Photosynthesis of Apple Seedlings in Root-Controlling Containers 2018, 8 (6):  47-52.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17120008 Abstract + ( 484 )   PDF ( 1291KB )   ( 695 ) Root-controlling containers are used to cultivate seedlings in this research, and 13 mediums made from plant straw, orchard soil, peat soil, perlite and cow dung are added in the containers. Effects of different mediums on growth, rooting and leaf photosynthesis of 2-year-old apple seedlings are studied compared with seedlings with orchard soil. Results showed that the seedling height, stem diameter, length and diameter of new shoots, dry matter weight of the aerial part and root development of seedlings grown in the 13 mediums were all better than those of the control. Furthermore, net photosynthetic rate, transpiration rate, stomatal conductance and intercellular CO2 concentration were also higher than those of the control. On the other hand, the rootshoot ratio, the average diameter of root and the water use efficiency were lower than those of the control. It was also found that the aerial part growth, rooting and root growth, as well as leaf photosynthesis of seedlings grown in medium No.6 (orchard soil: peat soil: cow dung: perlite=2:3:1:1) and No.7 (orchard soil: corn straw: cow dung: perlite=2:3:1:1) were obviously better than those of seedlings grown in other mediums. All the above results reveal that medium No.6 and No.7 could meet the nutrient requirement of young apple trees during growth and development. In particular, medium No.7 is more economical and practical, which can be used as an excellent culture substrate for apple seedlings.

  Application of Plant Growth Retardants in Ornamental Plants 贺菡莹 and 葛红 2018, 8 (6):  53-57.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17090013 Abstract + ( 597 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 631 ) This paper reviewed the development of plant growth retardants, and summarized the classification, regulation, physiological effects and application methods of growth retardation. It was pointed out that the growth retardants can effectively control the plant type and flowering period of the plant by inhibiting the synthesis pathway of gibberellin, and also enhance the plant resistance, delay plant senescence, strengthen the accumulation of nutrients and affect the synthesis of endogenous hormones. In the cultivation of ornamental plants and production had a broad application prospects. However, at present, there were some problems such as the fact that the growth retardation agent was too concentrated and the overall level needed to be improved. It was necessary to strengthen the scientific and technological innovation so that the plant growth retarder can be used more effectively and rationally in the future production process.

  Drought Stress and Temperature Change Affect Seed Germination Characteristics of Platycodon Grandiflorum 2018, 8 (6):  58-61.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100001 Abstract + ( 494 )   PDF ( 1166KB )   ( 490 ) The objectives are to provide the technical support for seed germination of Platycodon Grandiflorum, and technical reference for demonstration and popularization of new lines of Platycodon Grandiflorum. The seeds of Platycodon Grandiflorum were used as materials, four PEG-6000 treatments [5% PEG-6000(H1), 10% PEG-6000(H2), 15% PEG-6000(H3) and distilled water (CK)] and three temperature treatments [15℃(T1), 20℃(T2), 25℃(T3)] were set up. The seeds were cultivated with light culture (12 h light/ 12 h dark), and then the germination rate and germination potential was detected. The results showed that different drought stresses (PEG concentration) and temperature change affected the seed germination time, germination rate and germination potential significantly. Under different temperature, the germination rate decreased gradually with the drought stress increase. Low temperature was bad for the seed germination, the initiatory time of seed germination was delayed and the germination rate began to decrease when the temperature was below 15℃, or the degree of drought was more than 15% PEG. When the drought stress was below 5% PEG, the germination of Platycodon grandiflorum was good at the temperature of 20℃ and 25℃.

  Color-Leafed Plants: Species Selection and Landscape Application in Lintong District, Xi’an 2018, 8 (6):  62-67.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110016 Abstract + ( 458 )   PDF ( 1854KB )   ( 671 ) To clarify the application situation and landscape types of color-leafed plants species in Lintong District of Xi’an, we conduct statistics and analysis on the color- leafed plants species and landscape application types to main streets, park plaza, living area and campus by using field investigation and photo recording. The results showed that: (1) there were 14 families 17 genera and 18 species of color-leafed plants for greening in Lintong District; in city road greening, there were 5 kinds of color-leafed plants; in public greening space, there were 15 kinds of color-leafed plants; in residential area, there were 6 kinds of colorleafed plants, mainly in the newly built high-end residential area; there were 16 kinds of color-leafed plants in campus; the majority was still common species, but the application area was wide and the configuration was varied; (2) the main landscape applications of color- leafed plants in this district were arranged planting, clustered planting, group planting, flaky planting, color lump and color ribbon. There were some problems in landscape application of color-leafed plants in this district such as low species diversity, imbalanced species structure, relatively single configuration method and insufficient conservation and management. In addition, a few suggestions concerning the introduction, design and application of color-leafed plants in Lintong are put forward.

  Cultivating Pleurotus geesteranus by Using Pleurotus eryngii Residues 2018, 8 (6):  68-71.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17070003 Abstract + ( 603 )   PDF ( 1192KB )   ( 694 ) In order to effectively recycle the waste residue produced in factory production, achieve reasonable control of production costs, thereby enhancing production efficiency, in this experiment, the factory Pleurotus eryngii a mushroom as material after elimination, according to the different proportion of replacement of cottonseed shell and corncob cultivation of P. geesteranus, formulation screening, in order to obtain the most suitable P. geesteranus growth proportion formula. Test results showed that, eryngiibacterial chaff added had no significant influence on the agronomic traits of fruiting bodies of P. geesteranus. With the gradual increase in the proportion of residues, yield and output and value ratio of P. geesteranus showed a gradual increasing trend. With the addition of 50% P. eryngii formulation material cultivation, the yield, output value and yield ratio were the highest, and had widely application prospect.

  Biodegradable Farm Film: Effectiveness Evaluation 何甜 and 陈玉平 2018, 8 (6):  72-75.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18010019 Abstract + ( 544 )   PDF ( 1161KB )   ( 843 ) With plastic film mulching cultivation technology promotion, the residual film for land pollution problem increasingly prominent, in order to solve the residual film on "white pollution" caused by the problem, we studied the domestic main test biodegradable film production factory production of biodegradable plastic, in the field of water, heat preservation and degrade the performance and effect on crops yield, analysis and evaluation the application effectiveness of the product. The results show that biodegradable mulch can degrade in soil, but the rate of degradation is very different. In the experiment, there is also a relatively good biodegradable film, but there are some difficulties in the production and use, such as the fracture of toughness and so on. Manufacturers in the production of biodegradable plastic that according to the natural resources around the conditions, the types of crops and labeling method, degree of mechanization, produce different grades of biodegradable plastic, to meet the production requirements.

  Feasibility Analysis of China’s Animal Welfare Legislation Based on Food Safety 2018, 8 (6):  76-80.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020015 Abstract + ( 463 )   PDF ( 1078KB )   ( 697 ) This study explores the legislation of animal welfare in China, aiming to provide references for the national strategy of“healthy China”. Based on the definition of food safety and the various provisions of the food production in the Food Safety Law of the People''s Republic of China, the development concept of animal welfare legislation at home and abroad was surveyed, and the feasibility of animal welfare legislation in China was analyzed. The results showed that animal welfare was closely related to food safety and human welfare. Only the animal welfare was guaranteed, the human welfare could be realized. Research on ecosystem services emphasized more and more the relationship between service and human welfare. The animal welfare legislation in China could take the experiences from foreign animal welfare legislations and their implementation measures. Along with the development of socialism with Chinese characteristics into a new era, based on consideration of food safety and human health and the demand of ecosystem services, the animal welfare legislation in China has become an inevitable trend. In conclusion, it is feasible to establish China’s animal welfare law in a gradual and orderly way with farm animal welfare as the focus and the safety of animal source food as the breakthrough.

  Effects of Sowing Date on Growth and Yield of Maize in Harbin Area 2018, 8 (6):  81-85.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17050025 Abstract + ( 498 )   PDF ( 1107KB )   ( 656 ) This study aims at obtaining suitable sowing date of maize in Harbin area, and promoting agricultural production of maize. Main maize cultivar‘Hongyu29’in Harbin, Heilongjiang Province was used as test material and three sowing date treatments (T1 was April 25th, T2 was May 6th, T3 was May 11th) were set, the variation rules of growth and yield were studied. The results showed that the growth period of maize under T1 and T2 treatment was prolonged, the dry matter accumulation and allocation, and the growth rate under T1 and T2 treatment were significantly higher than those under T3 treatment from tasseling stage to mature stage, the dry matter accumulation and transferring to grain increased, the yield of T1 and T2 treatment increased by 435.1 kg/hm2 and 1621.9 kg/hm2, respectively, T2 was the optimal in the three treatment, its utilization degrees of soil water and heat were higher. The suitable sowing date could make full use of climate resource such as air temperature, sun light and soil water, prolong the growth period, improve the growth and development of maize, increase the dry matter accumulation and allocation in grain, and raise the maize yield. The suitable sowing date of maize is from May 4th to May 6th in Harbin area, but the soil moisture or the first saturating rain in spring should be considered for the suitable sowing date.

  Construction and Evaluation of Low Carbon Agricultural Economic Evaluation Index System in Zhejiang 2018, 8 (6):  86-91.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17100022 Abstract + ( 555 )   PDF ( 1256KB )   ( 561 ) Under the background of the structural reform of agricultural supply-side and the tight restriction of ecological environment resources, the construction of scientific evaluation index system of low- carbon agricultural development is helpful to provide important guidance for the development of low- carbon agriculture and a basis for the quality evaluation of low-carbon agricultural development. Taking Zhejiang which is both a big agricultural province and a developed province as an example, the evaluation of low-carbon agriculture has a strong guiding significance. Analysis of the concept and connotation of low carbon agriculture system based on the construction of 5 level-two indexes including agricultural development level, investment intensity, energy efficiency, resource utilization level, waste utilization level, and 18 level-three indexes, index weights are determined and applied to the evaluation of low carbon agricultural development level in Zhejiang by AHP. The research shows that energy efficiency is the main factor to promote the rapid development of lowcarbon agriculture, and the input intensity is the main obstacle to the development of low-carbon agriculture. To further improve the utilization rate of resources, reduce the amount of fertilizers and pesticides and other agricultural production inputs, and increase investment in environmental protection, can effectively enhance the level of development of low carbon agriculture in Zhejiang.

  Subsidy Policy of Mechanized Straw Returning Based on Payments for Ecological Services 2018, 8 (6):  92-95.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas17110027 Abstract + ( 468 )   PDF ( 1025KB )   ( 557 ) Crop residues burnt in open field is not only a waste of agricultural resources, but also a serious damage to the ecological environment. Mechanized straw returning is an important way for comprehensive utilization of straw, with good ecological and economic benefits. In our country, Jiangsu province and other places, the government has given fixed subsidies to mechanized straw returning in recent years. Through analyzing the different ways of the subsidy policy of returning straw to farmland, comparing the foreign government"s experience of payments for ecological service (PES), Straw subsidy policy can be optimized from the following aspects:Vigorously develop agricultural machinery service market, Scientifically formulating ecological compensation standard, paying attention to cultivating third-party organization and giving full play to the role of market mechanism.

  Technology Need and Prospect of Foxtail Millet Industry Development in China in the New Era 2018, 8 (6):  96-100.  DOI: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas18020002 Abstract + ( 570 )   PDF ( 1020KB )   ( 984 ) The paper analyzes the current situation and problems of China"s foxtail millet technology innovation and industry development during the 12th five-year plan period. Through the national foxtail millet investigation, has been clear about the demand foxtail millet varieties, cultivation techniques in our country needs, plant diseases and insect pests’ prevention and control, and postpartum processing industries such as technical requirements, provides the basis for making the "13th Five-Year" national industrial system objectives in order to strengthen the quality. Finally, the paper puts forward some countermeasures and suggestions from the aspects of strengthening the selection and breeding of high-quality special varieties, strengthening the research and development of mechanized cultivation techniques, and developing the functional products and enhancing the value of the mixed grain brands.