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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 5 ›› Issue (1): 1-4.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.2014-xb0182

所属专题： 马铃薯

• 农艺科学 生理生化 •    下一篇

春马铃薯膜上覆土技术的应用研究

陈强,韩文贺,王国红,刘世琦   

  1. 滕州市农业局,滕州市农业局,滕州市农业局,山东农业大学园艺科学与工程学院
  • 收稿日期:2014-03-04 修回日期:2014-03-04 接受日期:2014-06-27 出版日期:2015-01-29 发布日期:2015-01-29
  • 通讯作者: 韩文贺 E-mail:xf5qqk
  • 基金资助:
    滕州市科技发展计划政策引导类项目“二季作区春马铃薯膜上覆土技术研究”(201306002-03)。

Application Research of Covering Soil Over Membrane Technology of Spring Potato Cultivation

  • Received:2014-03-04 Revised:2014-03-04 Accepted:2014-06-27 Online:2015-01-29 Published:2015-01-29

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摘要： 春马铃薯栽培过程中需要人工抠破地膜放苗。采用地膜覆盖露地栽培、一垄双行栽培模式，通过膜上覆土技术代替人工破膜，考查膜上覆土的时间和厚度对出苗率、生育期、商品薯率的影响，探索适合当地马铃薯的栽培方式。研究表明，处理7、8和9顶芽距地表2 cm时覆土，覆土厚度相同，出苗率最高、出苗时间较早，出苗率分别为89.24%、94.97%、95.33%；处理7和8平均生育期与对照一致，均为86天；商品薯率与商品薯产量、生育期、出苗率显著正相关，处理8和9的商品薯率比对照显著增加约5%，其他各处理均表现出不同程度的减产，减产范围为6%~65%；处理8生育期为86天，商品薯率为96.40%，高于处理9，与对照相近，为最佳处理。结果表明，马铃薯顶芽距离地表2 cm时，覆土2~3 cm的处理最优。实施膜上覆土解决了人工破膜的弊端，对马铃薯产业持续健康发展具有一定意义。

关键词: 夏玉米, 夏玉米, 产量, 超高产, 养分积累, 养分吸收

Abstract: In the process of spring potato shed cultivation, artificial rupture of membrane is needed. Using the cultivation mode of mulching cultivation and the double ridge cultivation during open cultivation, the effect of the time and thickness of covering soil to the emergence rate, the growth period and the commodity rate of potato were measured in order to find suitable cultivation of local potato. When the soil’s thickness was the same and it’s 2 cm above the ground, the highest germination rate and earliest germination time of treatment 7, 8 and 9 were gotten. The emergence rates respectively were 89.24%, 94.97% and 95.33%. The average growth period of treatment 7 and 8 was 86 d, which was the same with the control. There was significant positive correlation between the commodity rate of potato and the emergence rate, growth period and the commodity potato production. The commodity rate of potato was higher than the control. Other treatments showed different degrees of reduction. The reduction range was 6%-65%. The growth period of the treatment 8 was 86d. The commodity rate of potato of the treatment 8 was 96.40%, which was higher than the treatment 8 and the same with the control. The treatment 8 was the best treatment. The results showed that when the potato buds was over 2 cm from the surface, the best overburden thickness was 2-3 cm. The covering soil over membrane over membrane solved the drawbacks of the artificial rupture of membrane. This study had some significance to the sustainable and healthy development of the potato industry.