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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (11): 35-40.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0141

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代化肥施用对苹果产量和品质的影响及土壤养分的变化

游宇1,2(), 林显凤3, 张云梅1, 张良1, 王君4, 唐冬梅1, 熊忠伟1()   

  1. 1 盐源县农业农村局，四川凉山 615700
    2 南充市农业科学院，四川南充 637000
    3 南充市种子质量监督检验站，四川南充 637000
    4 平川镇农业农村综合服务中心，四川凉山 615700
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-09 修回日期:2024-11-21 出版日期:2025-11-19 发布日期:2025-11-19
  • 通讯作者:
    熊忠伟，女，1972年出生，四川盐源人，正高级农艺师，本科，主要从事农业技术推广。通信地址：615700 四川省凉山州盐源县政府街169号，Tel：0834-6360912，E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    游宇，男，1989年出生，重庆长寿人，副研究员，硕士研究生，主要从事农作物栽培技术研究。通信地址：637000 四川省南充市顺庆区农科巷137号，Tel：0817-2810301，E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系-四川区域特色经济作物创新团队(SCCXTD-2024-12); 四川省耕地质量保护与提升行动方案“2022年盐源县耕地质量提升项目”(川农函[2022]220号); 凉山州综合帮扶工作专班(川农函[2022]98号)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Instead of Chemical Fertilizer on Yield and Quality of Apple and Changes of Soil Nutrients

YOU Yu1,2(), LIN Xianfeng3, ZHANG Yunmei1, ZHANG Liang1, WANG Jun4, TANG Dongmei1, XIONG Zhongwei1()   

  1. 1 Yanyuan County Bureau of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Liangshan Sichuan 615700
    2 Nanchong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    3 Seed Quality Supervision and Inspection Station of Nanchong, Nanchong, Sichuan 637000
    4 Pingchuan Town Agricultural and Rural Comprehensive Service Center, Liangshan, Sichuan 615700
  • Received:2024-07-09 Revised:2024-11-21 Online:2025-11-19 Published:2025-11-19

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摘要： 本研究旨在评估有机肥在土壤改良和作物产量及品质提升中的作用。通过采用测土配方施肥方法，将有机肥分别以10%、20%、30%和50%的比例替代化肥进行处理。分析不同处理对苹果园土壤养分、苹果产量和品质的影响。结果显示，采用测土配方施肥并将有机肥部分替代化肥可以显著提高苹果产量。配施有机肥可以提高苹果果实硬度，与T1相比，配施有机肥后果实硬度增加了2.27%~2.90%。果实的全磷和全钾含量没有显著变化。随着有机肥施用量的增加，土壤有机质和碱解氮含量也增加，有机质含量的变幅为20.2~25.7 g/kg，碱解氮含量的变幅为74.7~96.7 mg/kg。Spearman相关性分析表明，苹果产量与土壤有机质和有效磷含量呈极显著和显著相关；果实硬度与pH和有机质呈显著和极显著相关。因此，有机肥部分替代化肥可以提高土壤中有机质等养分含量，从而提高苹果的产量和品质。

关键词: 苹果, 土壤改良, 有机肥, 替代, 产量, 品质, 测土配方施肥

Abstract:

To investigate the impact of organic fertilizer on soil quality, as well as apple crop yield and quality, a study was conducted utilizing soil testing and formula fertilization. Organic fertilizer was substituted for chemical fertilizer at varying proportions of 10%, 20%, 30% and 50%. The study examined the effects of these treatments on soil nutrients, apple orchard yield, and fruit quality. The results indicated that employing soil testing fertilizer formulas and partially replacing chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer led to a significant increase in apple yield. The combined application of organic fertilizers also enhanced the firmness of apple fruits, resulting in an increase in hardness ranging from 2.27% to 2.90% compared to the control group (T1). Notably, there were no significant changes in total phosphorus and potassium levels in the fruit. Furthermore, as the amount of organic fertilizer applied increased, both the soil organic matter and alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content also rose. Specifically, organic matter content ranged from 20.2 to 25.7 g/kg, while alkali-hydrolyzed nitrogen content varied from 74.7 to 96.7 mg/kg. Spearman correlation analysis revealed a significant relationship between apple yield and soil organic matter, as well as available phosphorus content. Additionally, fruit firmness was found to correlate with pH and organic matter levels. Therefore, substituting a portion of chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer can enhance soil nutrient levels, such as organic matter, thereby improving apple yield and quality.

Key words: apple, soil improvement, organic fertilizer, substitute, yield, quality, soil testing and formula fertilization