Abstract:

The aim is to provide rational solution for the optimal management of wheat nutrients in different areas in Henan Province. Field questionnaires are used in this study, and the representative counties in Henan Province were chosen as the survey sites in 2014-2018. 7485 effective questionnaires were obtained, covering the aspects of wheat yield, fertilization habits, fertilization amounts, fertilization types, fertilization ways and etc. The yield of wheat in Henan ranged from 4500.00 kg/hm² to 10500.00 kg/hm², and the nitrogen fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm² to 939.08 kg/hm²; the average partial fertilizer productivity (PFP) and yield increase potential was 57.59 kg/kg and 39.39%, respectively. The phosphate fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm² to 455.40 kg/hm²; the average PFP and yield increase potential was 115.40 kg/kg and 44.63%, respectively. The potassium fertilizer input varied from 0.00 kg/hm² to 377.50 kg/hm²; the average PFP and yield increase potential was 93.06 kg/kg and 43.90%, respectively. From 2014 to 2018, the inter-annual yield of wheat in Henan Province was unstable, the proportion of unreasonable fertilization decreased year by year, and the partial fertilizer productivity showed an increasing trend. Wheat planting in Henan Province should reduce the input of nitrogen fertilizer appropriately according to local soil fertility, reduce the ratio of base fertilizer to topdressing and increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizer, and the yield increase of wheat will be 40%-45%.

Key words: Henan, wheat, fertilization, questionnaire survey, yield increase potential