夏玉米穗部性状对种植密度的响应研究

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas20190700130

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为了探寻夏玉米穗部性状对不同密度的响应程度及对产量构成的影响,揭示果穗各性状间的协调关系,为夏玉米新品种高产创建的合理密植提供科学依据。以‘弘大216’、‘垦丰101’为试验材料,设置不同密度处理,通过对穗行数、行粒数、千粒重等的监测,研究夏玉米穗部性状对种植密度的响应。结果表明,在不同种植密度下,各品种产量均随着密度呈先增加后减少的趋势,符合二次曲线关系,相关分析显示,行粒数、穗长均和产量呈极显著相关,秃尖长与产量呈显著相关;紧凑型玉米品种‘弘大216’穗行数与产量呈极显著相关,半紧凑玉米品种‘垦丰101’千粒重与产量呈极显著相关。在保证合理密植条件下,通过肥水措施协调好穗长、穗行数、行粒数、千粒重之间的关系,更容易获得高产。

关键词: 夏玉米, 产量, 穗部性状, 种植密度

Abstract:

To explore the response of ear characters of summer maize to different densities and the effect on yield composition, reveal the coordination relationship between ear characters, and provide a scientific basis for the high-yield dense-planting of new summer maize varieties, different density treatments were set up with ‘Hongda 216’ and ‘Kenfeng 101’ as experimental materials. Through determining ear row number, grain number per row and 1000-grain weight, the response of ear characters to planting density of summer maize was studied. The results showed that under different planting densities, the yield of each variety increased first and then decreased with the density, which was in line with the quadratic curve relationship. Correlation analysis showed that row number and ear length were extremely and significantly correlated with the yield, and the bald tip length was significantly correlated with the yield. The compact maize variety ‘Hongda 216’ had a very significant correlation between the ear row number and the yield, while the semi-compact maize variety ‘Kenfeng 101’ had a very significant correlation between the 1000-grain weight and the yield. Under the condition of rational close planting, it is easier to achieve high yield by coordinating the relationship between ear length, ear rows, row grains, and 1000-grain weight through fertilizer and water measures.

Key words: Summer Maize, Yield, Ear Characters, Planting Density

中图分类号:

刘兴舟, 李猛, 陈瑞佶, 付华, 马桂美, 周言虎, 张建. 夏玉米穗部性状对种植密度的响应研究[J]. 农学学报, 2020, 10(10): 12-18.

Liu Xingzhou, Li Meng, Chen Ruiji, Fu Hua, Ma Guimei, Zhou Yanhu, Zhang Jian. Ear Characters of Summer Maize: Response to Planting Density[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2020, 10(10): 12-18.

图/表 11

参考文献 20

[1]	张召星, 肖春华, 邹楠, 等. 春玉米果穗性状对种植密度的响应研究[J]. 玉米科学, 2017(2):89-95.
[2]	Tollenaar M, Lee E A. Yield potential, yield stability and stress tolerance in maize[J]. Field Crops Research, 2002(88):161-169.
[3]	刘伟. 种植密度对高产夏玉米产量及生理特性影响的研究[D]. 泰安:山东农业大学, 2011.
[4]	Abuzar M R, Sadozai G, Baloch M S, et al. Effect of plant population densities on yield of maize[J]. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2011,21(4):692-695.
[5]	刘兴舟, 张建, 李猛, 等. 密度对玉米新品种‘皖玉708’产量及其构成因子的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2017,7(8):1-5.
[6]	王向阳, 雷晓兵, 陈润玲, 等. 黄淮海地区夏玉米换代品种洛玉4号适宜种植密度研究[J]. 中国农学通报, 2010(3):152-156.
[7]	周灵芝. 3个不同株型玉米适宜密度的研究[J]. 广东农业科学, 2012(11):21-23.
[8]	赵龙刚. 水肥调控及播种策略与玉米产量形成关系的研究[D]. 沈阳:沈阳农业大学, 2018.
[9]	Tollenaar M, Wu J. Yield improvement in temperate maize is attributable to greater stress tolerance[J]. Crop Science, 1999(39):1587-1604.
[10]	Echarte L, Luque S, Andrade H H, et al. Response of maize kernel number to plant density in Agentinean hybrids released between 1965 and 1993[J]. Field Crops Research, 2000(68):1-8.
[11]	Bavec F, Bavec M. Effect of maize plant double row spacing on nutrient uptake, leaf area index and yield[J]. Rost Vyroba, 2001(47):135-140.
[12]	陈国平, 王荣焕, 赵久然. 玉米高产田的产量结构模式及关键因素分析[J]. 玉米科学, 2009,17(4):89-93.
[13]	Westgate M E, Lizaso J, Batchelor W. Quantitative relationships between pollen shed density and grain yield in maize[J]. Crop Scient, 2003,43:934-942.
[14]	Abuzar M R, Sadozai G, Baloch M S, et al. Effect of plant population densities on yield of maize[J]. The Journal of Animal & Plant Sciences, 2011,21(4):692-695.
[15]	王楷, 王克如, 李少昆, 等. 密度对玉米产量(>15000kg·hm^-2)及其产量构成因子的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2012(16):3437-3445. doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2012.16.025 URL
[16]	Ryan J, Roekel V, Coulter J A. Agronoic responses of corn to planting data and plant density[J]. Agronomy Journal, 2011,31(5):1414-1422.
[17]	刘兴舟, 李猛, 陈现平, 等. 皖北地区主栽玉米品种密度对产量及其构成因子的影响[J]. 中国农学通报, 2014,30(18):145-150.
[18]	Grassini P, Thorburn J, Burr C, et al. High-yield irrigated maize in the Western US cron belt: I. On-farm yield, yield potential, and impact of agronomic practices[J]. Field Crops Research, 2011(120):142-150. doi: 10.1016/j.fcr.2010.09.012 URL
[19]	蒋晓芳, 王秀全, 庞启华, 等. 种植密度对甜玉米农艺性状和产量的影响[J]. 耕作与栽培, 2016(1):13-14.
[20]	于洪彬, 高树仁, 刘利, 王广明. 密度与施肥量对玉米产量及主要农艺性状的影响[J]. 黑龙江农业科学, 2016(8):27-31.

试验点名称	中心点经纬度	年份	海拔高度/ m	太阳总辐射量/ (KJ/cm²)	年日照时数/ h	年≥10℃积温/℃	无霜期/ d	年降雨量/ mm
宿州市农业科学院东区基地	N33.640769 E117.086885	2016	27	5268	2354	4628	210	1058.6
宿州市农业科学院东区基地	N33.640769 E117.086885	2017	27	5346	2465	4598	210	906.5

试验点名称	中心点经纬度	年份	海拔高度/ m	太阳总辐射量/ (KJ/cm²)	年日照时数/ h	年≥10℃积温/℃	无霜期/ d	年降雨量/ mm
宿州市农业科学院东区基地	N33.640769 E117.086885	2016	27	5268	2354	4628	210	1058.6
宿州市农业科学院东区基地	N33.640769 E117.086885	2017	27	5346	2465	4598	210	906.5

品种	密度/(株/hm²)	穗长/cm	秃顶长/cm	穗粗/cm	穗行数	行粒数	轴粗/cm	千粒重/g	出籽率/%
弘大216	D1	17.3	0.1	5.3	15.4	36.4	3.0	349	89.2
	D2	16.3	0.1	5.3	15.1	31.8	2.9	345	89.8
	D3	16.2	0.3	5.2	14.6	30.1	2.8	340	90.8
	D4	14.7	0.2	5.3	14.5	29.8	2.8	342	89.6
	D5	14.1	0.6	5.1	14.3	27.6	2.8	330	89.5
	D6	13.0	0.6	4.9	14.0	24.4	2.7	318	90.3
垦丰101	D1	16.6	0.0	5.5	15.0	30.7	3.1	420	89.9
	D2	15.1	0.0	5.3	15.4	28.8	2.9	393	89.5
	D3	14.8	0.3	5.3	15.2	27.8	3.0	389	90.1
	D4	14.7	0.6	5.3	15.0	27.6	3.0	378	89.3
	D5	14.7	0.6	5.2	15.2	27.0	2.9	358	90.6
	D6	14.2	0.5	5.1	15.4	26.8	3.0	356	90.2

品种	密度/(株/hm²)	穗长/cm	秃顶长/cm	穗粗/cm	穗行数	行粒数	轴粗/cm	千粒重/g	出籽率/%
弘大216	D1	17.3	0.1	5.3	15.4	36.4	3.0	349	89.2
	D2	16.3	0.1	5.3	15.1	31.8	2.9	345	89.8
	D3	16.2	0.3	5.2	14.6	30.1	2.8	340	90.8
	D4	14.7	0.2	5.3	14.5	29.8	2.8	342	89.6
	D5	14.1	0.6	5.1	14.3	27.6	2.8	330	89.5
	D6	13.0	0.6	4.9	14.0	24.4	2.7	318	90.3
垦丰101	D1	16.6	0.0	5.5	15.0	30.7	3.1	420	89.9
	D2	15.1	0.0	5.3	15.4	28.8	2.9	393	89.5
	D3	14.8	0.3	5.3	15.2	27.8	3.0	389	90.1
	D4	14.7	0.6	5.3	15.0	27.6	3.0	378	89.3
	D5	14.7	0.6	5.2	15.2	27.0	2.9	358	90.6
	D6	14.2	0.5	5.1	15.4	26.8	3.0	356	90.2

品种	相关系数	穗行数	行粒数	穗长	穗粗	秃尖长	千粒重	出籽率	密度	产量
弘大216	穗行数	1
	行粒数	0.957^**	1
	穗长	0.919^**	0.939^**	1
	穗粗	0.699^**	0.756^**	0.764^**	1
	秃尖长	-0.869^**	-0.837^**	-0.826^**	-0.701^**	1
	千粒重	0.872^**	0.917^**	0.911^**	0.885^**	-0.863^**	1
	出籽率	-0.406	-0.446	-0.185	-0.201	0.318	-0.307	1
	密度	-0.972^**	-0.965^**	-0.981^**	-0.765^**	0.883^**	-0.919^**	0.275	1
	产量	-0.715^**	-0.687^**	-0.557^*	-0.178	0.508^*	-0.408	0.498^*	0.632^**	1
垦丰101	穗行数	1
	行粒数	-0.281	1
	穗长	-0.652^**	0.756^**	1
	穗粗	-0.342	0.868^**	0.742^**	1
	秃尖长	-0.166	-0.826^**	-0.323	-0.653^**	1
	千粒重	-0.322	0.955^**	0.747^**	0.879^**	-0.801^**	1
	出籽率	0.078	-0.272	-0.474^*	-0.237	0.200	-0.336	1
	密度	0.241	-0.926^**	-0.681^**	-0.884^**	0.842^**	-0.972^**	0.350	1
	产量	0.226	-0.774^**	-0.517^*	-0.517^*	0.582^*	-0.622^**	-0.065	0.515^*	1