生物炭与水分调控对烤烟光合特性的影响

doi:10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0122

农学学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 11 ›› Issue (10): 69-74.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2020-0122

所属专题：烟草种植与生产

• 林学/园艺/园林/食用菌 • 上一篇下一篇

生物炭与水分调控对烤烟光合特性的影响

符昌武¹(), 王祖富¹(), 宋家庆², 侯翔文¹, 覃潇¹, 戴曦¹, 袁谋智¹, 姚旺¹

¹张家界市烟草公司桑植县分公司,湖南张家界 427100
²张家界市烟草公司,湖南张家界 427000

收稿日期:2020-07-07 修回日期:2020-11-06 出版日期:2021-10-20 发布日期:2021-10-28
通讯作者: 王祖富 E-mail:fcw8303@163.com;490625083@qq.com
作者简介:符昌武,男,1983年出生,湖南永定人,农艺师,硕士,研究方向：烟草栽培与生理。通信地址：427100 张家界桑植县东城华府对面桑植县烟草公司,E-mail： fcw8303@163.com。
基金资助:
湖南中烟工业有限责任公司“特色优质烟叶开发”(201743000934110);湖南省烟草公司张家界市公司项目“张家界山地特色烟叶生产标准化体系持续改进研究与示范”(201403)

Effects of Biological Carbon and Water Regulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

Fu Changwu¹(), Wang Zufu¹(), Song Jiaqing², Hou Xiangwen¹, Qin Xiao¹, Dai Xi¹, Yuan Mouzhi¹, Yao Wang¹

¹Sangzhi Branch Company of Zhangjiajie Tobacco Company, Zhangjiajie 427100, Hunan, China
²Zhangjiajie Tobacco Company, Zhangjiajie 427000, Hunan, China

Received:2020-07-07 Revised:2020-11-06 Online:2021-10-20 Published:2021-10-28
Contact: Wang Zufu E-mail:fcw8303@163.com;490625083@qq.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

为探索施用生物炭后不同水分调控措施对烤烟光合特性的影响,通过田间试验研究不同生育期烤烟光合特性的变化及其关联关系、相对叶绿素含量(SPAD)、经济性状。研究表明,施加生物炭后不同水分调控处理提高了各生育期烤烟净光合速率(Pn),以旺长期最强,团棵期次之,成熟期较弱;Pn与生理生态因子呈显著相关;施加生物炭后进行水分调控处理的Pn主要受气孔导度影响,不施生物炭和不灌溉水分处理(CK)的Pn主要受到蒸腾作用影响;烤烟SPAD值、产量和产值呈显著差异,以施加生物炭后每5天灌溉300 mL/株处理最高、CK最低,达显著差异(P<0.05)。施用生物炭后进行水分调控可促进烟叶光合作用,以施加生物炭后每5天灌溉300 mL/株处理的光合能力最强。

关键词: 生物炭, 水分调控, 烤烟, 光合特性, 通径分析

Abstract:

To explore the effects of different water regulation measures on photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco after the application of biochar, field experiments were conducted to study the changes of photosynthetic characteristics of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages and their correlation, relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and economic traits. The results showed that after the application of biochar, different water regulation treatments increased the net photosynthetic rate (Pn) of flue-cured tobacco at different growth stages, with the strongest in the vigorous growing stage, followed by the spherical plant stage, and the mature period was relatively weak. Pn was significantly related to physiological and ecological factors. After applying biochar, the Pn of water regulation treatment was mainly affected by stomatal conductance, and the Pn of non-biochar and non-irrigated water treatment (CK) was mainly affected by transpiration. The SPAD value, yield and output value of flue-cured tobacco showed significant differences, and those of the irrigation water of 300 mL/plant every 5 days after the application of biochar were the highest and of CK were the lowest, reaching a significant difference (P<0.05). Therefore, the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves could be promoted by water regulation after biochar application, and the photosynthetic capacity of tobacco leaves is the strongest under irrigation of 300 mL/plant every 5 days after biochar application.

Key words: Biochar, Water Regulation, Flue-cured Tobacco, Photosynthetic Characteristics, Path Analysis

中图分类号:

S572

符昌武, 王祖富, 宋家庆, 侯翔文, 覃潇, 戴曦, 袁谋智, 姚旺. 生物炭与水分调控对烤烟光合特性的影响[J]. 农学学报, 2021, 11(10): 69-74.

Fu Changwu, Wang Zufu, Song Jiaqing, Hou Xiangwen, Qin Xiao, Dai Xi, Yuan Mouzhi, Yao Wang. Effects of Biological Carbon and Water Regulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco[J]. Journal of Agriculture, 2021, 11(10): 69-74.

图/表 7

参考文献 29

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时期	处理	Pn/[μmol CO₂/(m²·s)]	Gs/[mol H₂O/(m²·s)]	Ci/(μmol CO₂/mol)	Tr/[mmol H₂O/(m²·s)]	VpdL/kPa	WUE	Tl/℃
团棵期	CK	14.07±0.41c	0.52±0.05c	326.58±1.45a	3.35±0.14b	0.67±0.02c	4.20±0.04c	24.30±0.05b
	T1	14.90±0.72c	0.55±0.04c	317.10±0.91b	3.45±0.15b	0.73±0.02b	4.32±0.05b	26.43±0.05a
	T2	16.59±0.17b	0.64±0.07b	321.55±1.78b	3.71±0.24a	0.77±0.07b	4.47±0.13a	27.77±0.86a
	T3	17.48±0.41a	0.73±0.00a	319.02±1.13b	3.91±0.02a	0.87±0.00a	4.47±0.12a	28.42±0.03a
旺长期	CK	15.55±0.14c	0.53±0.03b	330.09±2.31a	4.62±0.33c	0.92±0.08b	3.37±0.14a	31.76±0.20b
	T1	16.57±1.764b	0.61±0.03ab	325.98±2.20b	4.82±0.18b	0.99±0.02ab	3.34±0.37a	31.19±0.46b
	T2	17.43±0.80a	0.65±0.13a	323.33±2.16b	5.24±0.38a	1.01±0.10a	3.33±0.16a	32.15±0.21a
	T3	18.42±0.30a	0.65±0.03a	322.80±1.10b	5.32±0.08a	1.17±0.06a	3.46±0.19a	32.08±0.23a
成熟期	CK	5.79±0.34d	0.09±0.00a	272.87±9.58a	2.35±0.12a	2.42±0.02ab	2.46±0.20b	33.63±0.08b
	T1	6.17±0.20c	0.09±0.03a	241.72±7.91b	2.24±0.75a	2.37±0.11ab	2.75±0.19a	33.90±0.29ab
	T2	6.69±0.19b	0.09±0.01a	248.40±2.74b	2.13±0.23a	2.19±0.10b	3.14±0.29a	35.04±0.77a
	T3	7.11±0.28a	0.09±0.02a	224.69±7.13c	2.20±0.47a	2.60±0.10a	3.23±0.19a	36.66±0.38a

时期	处理	Pn/[μmol CO₂/(m²·s)]	Gs/[mol H₂O/(m²·s)]	Ci/(μmol CO₂/mol)	Tr/[mmol H₂O/(m²·s)]	VpdL/kPa	WUE	Tl/℃
团棵期	CK	14.07±0.41c	0.52±0.05c	326.58±1.45a	3.35±0.14b	0.67±0.02c	4.20±0.04c	24.30±0.05b
	T1	14.90±0.72c	0.55±0.04c	317.10±0.91b	3.45±0.15b	0.73±0.02b	4.32±0.05b	26.43±0.05a
	T2	16.59±0.17b	0.64±0.07b	321.55±1.78b	3.71±0.24a	0.77±0.07b	4.47±0.13a	27.77±0.86a
	T3	17.48±0.41a	0.73±0.00a	319.02±1.13b	3.91±0.02a	0.87±0.00a	4.47±0.12a	28.42±0.03a
旺长期	CK	15.55±0.14c	0.53±0.03b	330.09±2.31a	4.62±0.33c	0.92±0.08b	3.37±0.14a	31.76±0.20b
	T1	16.57±1.764b	0.61±0.03ab	325.98±2.20b	4.82±0.18b	0.99±0.02ab	3.34±0.37a	31.19±0.46b
	T2	17.43±0.80a	0.65±0.13a	323.33±2.16b	5.24±0.38a	1.01±0.10a	3.33±0.16a	32.15±0.21a
	T3	18.42±0.30a	0.65±0.03a	322.80±1.10b	5.32±0.08a	1.17±0.06a	3.46±0.19a	32.08±0.23a
成熟期	CK	5.79±0.34d	0.09±0.00a	272.87±9.58a	2.35±0.12a	2.42±0.02ab	2.46±0.20b	33.63±0.08b
	T1	6.17±0.20c	0.09±0.03a	241.72±7.91b	2.24±0.75a	2.37±0.11ab	2.75±0.19a	33.90±0.29ab
	T2	6.69±0.19b	0.09±0.01a	248.40±2.74b	2.13±0.23a	2.19±0.10b	3.14±0.29a	35.04±0.77a
	T3	7.11±0.28a	0.09±0.02a	224.69±7.13c	2.20±0.47a	2.60±0.10a	3.23±0.19a	36.66±0.38a

时期	处理	Ta/℃	Ca/(μmol CO₂/mol)	RH/%	PAR/[μmol/(m²·s)]
团棵期	CK	26.67±0.08c	376.08±0.87a	75.65±0.45b	116.95±6.60d
	T1	26.82±0.06c	372.30±0.59a	78.04±0.19a	194.56±5.46c
	T2	28.41±0.13b	377.37±0.12a	78.55±0.46a	204.55±5.01b
	T3	29.91±0.01a	379.51±0.03a	79.80±0.16a	227.60±4.55a
旺长期	CK	30.10±0.11c	367.23±1.54c	74.07±0.09b	844.46±29.72d
	T1	31.99±0.02b	370.24±2.03b	75.41±0.39ab	961.55±29.50c
	T2	33.00±0.01a	374.40±0.15b	76.34±0.34a	1025.24±36.57b
	T3	33.27±0.06a	386.26±1.39a	77.54±0.09a	1238.58±36.43a
成熟期	CK	32.33±0.07d	392.39±0.23a	56.40±0.28b	482.46±16.12d
	T1	35.42±0.18c	391.31±1.62a	58.35±0.18ab	529.73±22.15c
	T2	36.10±0.22b	392.20±1.48a	59.22±0.21a	678.28±17.15b
	T3	37.19±0.33a	391.67±0.71a	61.36±0.22a	723.11±19.98a

时期	处理	Ta/℃	Ca/(μmol CO₂/mol)	RH/%	PAR/[μmol/(m²·s)]
团棵期	CK	26.67±0.08c	376.08±0.87a	75.65±0.45b	116.95±6.60d
	T1	26.82±0.06c	372.30±0.59a	78.04±0.19a	194.56±5.46c
	T2	28.41±0.13b	377.37±0.12a	78.55±0.46a	204.55±5.01b
	T3	29.91±0.01a	379.51±0.03a	79.80±0.16a	227.60±4.55a
旺长期	CK	30.10±0.11c	367.23±1.54c	74.07±0.09b	844.46±29.72d
	T1	31.99±0.02b	370.24±2.03b	75.41±0.39ab	961.55±29.50c
	T2	33.00±0.01a	374.40±0.15b	76.34±0.34a	1025.24±36.57b
	T3	33.27±0.06a	386.26±1.39a	77.54±0.09a	1238.58±36.43a
成熟期	CK	32.33±0.07d	392.39±0.23a	56.40±0.28b	482.46±16.12d
	T1	35.42±0.18c	391.31±1.62a	58.35±0.18ab	529.73±22.15c
	T2	36.10±0.22b	392.20±1.48a	59.22±0.21a	678.28±17.15b
	T3	37.19±0.33a	391.67±0.71a	61.36±0.22a	723.11±19.98a

处理	Gs	Ci	Tr	VpdL	WUE	Tl	Ta	Ca	RH	PAR
CK	0.8960^**	0.7512^*	0.9247^**	-0.8643^**	0.7601^*	-0.5048	-0.4359	-0.9325^**	0.8478^**	0.5629
T1	0.9269^**	0.8016^**	0.8038^**	-0.8580^**	0.3065	-0.6714^*	-0.6442^*	-0.9181^**	0.8988^**	0.3072
T2	0.9367^**	0.8666^**	0.9110^**	-0.9001^**	0.0549	-0.7117^*	-0.6885^*	-0.8686^**	0.8825^**	0.7641^*
T3	0.9929^**	0.6295^*	0.8214^**	-0.9867^**	0.2610	-0.8855^**	-0.8519^**	-0.9692^**	0.9813^**	0.5659

生物炭与水分调控对烤烟光合特性的影响

Effects of Biological Carbon and Water Regulation on Photosynthetic Characteristics of Flue-cured Tobacco

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处理	指标	直接作用	X1→Y	X2→Y	X3→Y	X4→Y	X5→Y	X6→Y	间接作用	总影响
CK	X1	0.3602		0.1849	0.2636	0.0291	0.4924	-0.4342	0.5358	0.8960
	X2	0.2016	0.3304		0.1974	0.0298	0.5090	-0.5171	0.5495	0.7511
	X3	0.3402	0.2790	0.117		0.0208	0.2921	-0.1244	0.5845	0.9247
	X4	-0.0313	-0.3347	-0.1919	-0.2255		-0.5829	0.5020	-0.8330	-0.8643
	X5	0.6276	0.2826	0.1635	0.1583	0.0291		-0.5010	0.1325	0.7601
	X6	0.5824	-0.2685	-0.179	-0.0727	-0.0270	-0.5399		-1.0871	-0.5047
T1	X1	-0.0440		0.0674	0.9429	-0.2169	0.1741	0.0033	0.9708	0.9268
	X2	0.0739	-0.0401		0.9632	-0.2078	0.0094	0.0031	0.7278	0.8017
	X3	1.1632	-0.0356	0.0612		-0.1464	-0.2398	0.0013	-0.3593	0.8039
	X4	0.2294	0.0416	-0.0669	-0.7423		-0.3158	-0.0040	-1.0874	-0.8580
	X5	0.7693	-0.0099	0.0009	-0.3625	-0.0942		0.0029	-0.4628	0.3065
	X6	-0.0044	0.0328	-0.053	-0.3382	0.2080	-0.5167		-0.6671	-0.6715
T2	X1	-0.0711		1.2572	0.9965	-1.1812	0.2647	-0.3295	1.0077	0.9366
	X2	1.3924	-0.0642		1.0322	-1.1169	-0.0465	-0.3304	-0.5258	0.8666
	X3	1.2887	-0.0550	1.1153		-0.8572	-0.3878	-0.1930	-0.3777	0.9110
	X4	1.2190	0.0689	-1.2758	-0.9062		-0.3684	0.3624	-2.1191	-0.9001
	X5	1.1356	-0.0166	-0.057	-0.4401	-0.3954		-0.1716	-1.0807	0.0549
	X6	0.3959	0.0592	-1.1622	-0.6282	1.1159	-0.4922		-1.1075	-0.7116
T3	X1	-0.1009		0.7744	0.3192	0.3301	0.3183	-0.6482	1.0938	0.9929
	X2	1.1868	-0.0659		0.3267	0.2248	-0.6345	-0.4084	-0.5573	0.6295
	X3	0.4041	-0.0797	0.9593		0.2599	-0.3381	-0.3841	0.4173	0.8214
	X4	-0.3315	0.1005	-0.8049	-0.3168		-0.2942	0.6602	-0.6552	-0.9867
	X5	1.2090	-0.0266	-0.6229	-0.113	0.0807		-0.2661	-0.9479	0.2611
	X6	0.7023	0.0931	-0.6902	-0.221	-0.3116	-0.4581		-1.5878	-0.8855

处理	指标	直接作用	X7→Y	X8→Y	X9→Y	X10→Y	间接作用	总影响
CK	X7	0.7530		-0.4309	-0.7517	-0.0063	-1.1889	-0.4359
	X8	-0.6088	0.5329		-0.8621	0.0055	-0.3237	-0.9325
	X9	0.8968	-0.6313	0.5853		-0.0030	-0.0490	0.8478
	X10	-0.0185	0.2576	0.1806	0.1432		0.5814	0.5629
T1	X7	0.1642		-0.9696	0.0551	0.1061	-0.8084	-0.6442
	X8	-1.1318	0.1406		0.0612	0.0119	0.2137	-0.9181
	X9	-0.0648	-0.1397	1.0695		0.0337	0.9635	0.8987
	X10	0.3013	0.0578	-0.0447	-0.0072		0.0059	0.3072
T2	X7	-0.9703		-0.3792	0.7345	-0.0735	0.2818	-0.6885
	X8	-0.5285	-0.6962		0.8599	-0.5038	-0.3401	-0.8686
	X9	-0.8868	0.8037	0.5125		0.4530	1.7692	0.8824
	X10	0.8405	0.0848	0.3168	-0.4780		-0.0764	0.7641
T3	X7	1.0561		-0.5276	-1.4017	0.0213	-1.9080	-0.8519
	X8	-0.5583	0.9978		-1.5027	0.0940	-0.4109	-0.9692
	X9	1.5115	-0.9793	0.5551		-0.1059	-0.5301	0.9814
	X10	-0.2368	-0.0948	0.2215	0.6760		0.8027	0.5659

处理	产量/(kg/hm²)	均价/(元/kg)	产值/(元/hm²)	中上等烟比例/%
CK	2130.72c	22.27b	47451.13d	90.38b
T1	2229.69b	23.10a	51505.84c	92.61ab
T2	2295.70b	23.23a	53329.11b	93.42a
T3	2327.18a	23.65a	55037.81a	94.46a

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