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农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (10): 65-79.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0155

• 畜牧兽医水产 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同添加剂对糜子茎叶青贮品质的影响

闫锋1(), 董扬1, 赵富阳1, 侯晓敏1, 李清泉1, 孙皓月1, 邸桂俐2()   

  1. 1 黑龙江省农业科学院齐齐哈尔分院, 黑龙江齐齐哈尔 161006
    2 黑龙江省农业科学院经济作物研究所, 哈尔滨 150086
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-13 修回日期:2024-11-13 出版日期:2025-10-20 发布日期:2025-10-17
  • 通讯作者:
    邸桂俐,女,1973年出生,汉族,黑龙江肇州县人,硕士,高级农艺师,研究方向:牧草栽培和草地改良。通信地址:黑龙江省哈尔滨市南岗区学府路368号,E-mail:
  • 作者简介:

    闫锋,男,1982年出生,汉族,河北涞源县人,硕士,副研究员,从事杂粮作物遗传育种及栽培方面研究。通信地址:161006 黑龙江省齐齐哈尔市建华区新明大街83号,Tel:0452-2720209,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    国家谷子高粱产业技术体系建设项目“齐齐哈尔综合试验站”(CARS-06-14.5-B21)

Effects of Different Additives on Silage Quality of Broomcorn Millet Straw

YAN Feng1(), DONG Yang1, ZHAO Fuyang1, HOU Xiaomin1, LI Qingquan1, SUN Haoyue1, DI Guili2()   

  1. 1 Qiqihar Branch, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiqihar Heilongjiang 161006
    2 Industrial Crops Institute, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086
  • Received:2024-08-13 Revised:2024-11-13 Online:2025-10-20 Published:2025-10-17

摘要:

为探讨不同添加剂对糜子茎叶青贮品质的影响,以期找到最佳青贮条件。试验以‘齐黍1号’收获籽粒后的茎叶为原料,设置植物乳杆菌(0.02‰)、蔗糖(2.0%)、纤维素酶(0.05‰)、尿素(4%)以及清水对照组,共5个处理。在20℃恒温条件下发酵50 d后取样,测定茎叶的营养成分及发酵品质。结果表明,所有添加剂处理的青贮原料感官评价均优于对照组(CK)。其中,T1处理组的干物质(DM)和粗蛋白(CP)含量最高,分别为37.23%、3.69%,显著高于对照组(CK);而T3处理组的中性洗涤纤维(NDF)含量最低(57.73%),显著性低于对照组(CK);T4处理组的水溶性碳水化合物(WSC)含量最高(1.62%),显著性高于对照组(CK);添加剂能够显著降低青贮糜子茎叶的pH和NH3-N含量,并提高有氧稳定性。具体来说,不同添加剂处理下pH变化范围为3.56~3.96,NH3-N含量变化范围为2.75%~3.53%,AS变化范围为87~113 h。综上所述,添加剂处理均改善了糜子茎叶青贮品质,利用模糊隶属函数计算出植物乳杆菌处理下糜子茎叶青贮品质最好,纤维素酶处理效果次之。

关键词: 添加剂, 糜子, 茎叶, 青贮, 品质, 营养成分, 发酵特性, 植物乳杆菌, 纤维素酶

Abstract:

To investigate the effects of different additives on the quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage and to find the optimal silage conditions for broomcorn millet stem and leaf, an experiment was conducted using 'Qishu 1' broomcorn millet stems and leaves after harvesting the grain as raw materials. Five addictive treatments were set up, including Lactobacillus plantarum (0.02‰), sucrose (2.0%), cellulase (0.05‰), urea (4%), and a control without additives. The samples were collected and measured for nutrient content and fermentation quality at 20℃ for 50 days. The results showed that the sensory evaluation of all additive treatments was better than that of the control. The DM and CP contents of T1 treatment were the highest, at 37.23% and 3.69%, respectively, which were significantly higher than those of the control. The NDF content of T3 treatment was the lowest (57.73%), which was significantly lower than that of the control. The WSC content of T4 treatment was the highest (1.62%), which was significantly higher than that of the control. The additives significantly reduced the pH and NH3-N content of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage and improved its aerobic stability. The pH range of the different additive treatments was 3.56-3.96, the NH3-N content range was 2.75%-3.53%, and the AS range was 87-113 h. In summary, the additive treatments improved the quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage. Using fuzzy membership function calculation, the best quality of broomcorn millet stem and leaf silage was obtained in the Lactobacillus plantarum treatment, followed by the cellulase treatment.

Key words: additive, broomcorn millet, straw, silage, quality, nutrient content, fermentation characteristics, lactobacillus plantarum, cellulase