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农学学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 16 ›› Issue (1): 76-82.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0181

• 农业信息 农业气象 • 上一篇    下一篇

农业隐性灾害对玉米生产的影响与应对措施

张丽1(), 张明飞1, 邱鸿雨1, 杜海宇2   

  1. 1 赤峰学院,内蒙古赤峰 024005
    2 赤峰市文钟镇农机推广中心,内蒙古赤峰 024099
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-05 修回日期:2025-08-22 出版日期:2026-01-20 发布日期:2026-01-15
  • 作者简介:

    张丽,女,1981年出生,内蒙古赤峰人,讲师,博士,研究方向:作物高产抗逆栽培技术研究。通信地址:024005 内蒙古赤峰市红山区迎宾路1号 赤峰学院,Tel:0476-8250967,E-mail:

  • 基金资助:
    赤峰学院博士下基层项目“农业隐性灾害对玉米生产的影响与应对措施”(CFXYBSXJC31)

Impacts of Unnoticeable Natural Hazard on Maize Growth and Countermeasures

ZHANG Li1(), ZHANG Mingfei1, QIU Hongyu1, DU Haiyu2   

  1. 1 College of Agronomy, Chifeng College, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024005
    2 Agricultural Machinery Extension Service of Wenzhong Town, Chifeng, Inner Mongolia 024099
  • Received:2024-09-05 Revised:2025-08-22 Online:2026-01-20 Published:2026-01-15

摘要:

伴随对显性灾害抵御能力的提升,隐性自然灾害已逐渐演变为影响中国作物大面积持续均衡增产的关键因素。开展玉米隐性灾害成灾机制、区域特征及应对措施的研究,能够为农业抗灾减灾以及实现玉米高产稳产提供理论依据与技术支撑。本研究对玉米生产过程中的主要隐性灾害类型进行了系统的综述与分析,揭示了农业隐性灾害的多样性与复杂性。深入探讨了农业隐性灾害对玉米生长发育的作用机制。研究发现,此类灾害会抑制玉米的光合作用,延缓其生育进程,降低授粉结实率,进而导致植株生长受限、籽粒发育欠佳,最终对玉米的产量和品质产生不利影响。具体而言,干旱和高温会加剧玉米的水分胁迫,涝害会使根系处于缺氧状态,阴雨寡照会造成光能不足,而低温冷害则会延缓玉米生长并增加其生理障碍,这些均会导致玉米减产,降低农民的经济收益。针对不同类型农业隐性灾害的具体特性,本研究提出了相应的预防或减轻灾害影响的技术措施,以期为实现玉米高产稳产提供参考。隐性灾害对玉米生产的影响显著,不容忽视,但通过实施科学的管理和调控措施,能够有效降低隐性灾害对玉米生产的负面影响,提升玉米的产量和品质。

关键词: 玉米, 隐性灾害, 玉米生产, 影响, 对策措施

Abstract:

With the improvement of the ability to resist dominant disasters, unnoticeable natural hazards have gradually evolved into a key factor affecting the continuous and balanced increase of crop yield in China. Understanding the mechanisms, characteristics and countermeasures to the unnoticeable natural hazards could provide important theoretical and technological supports to the implement strategies for hazard alleviation. This paper reviews the types of the main unnoticeable natural hazards on maize production, and points out the diversity and complexity of them. The study explores the impact of unnoticeable natural hazards on maize growth and development, revealing that these hazards significantly inhibit photosynthesis, delay growth stages, and reduce pollination and seed-setting rates. Additionally, they impede plant growth and lead to poor kernel development, ultimately compromising both maize yield and quality. Specifically, drought and high temperatures exacerbate water stress, while waterlogging and prolonged overcast/rainy conditions cause root hypoxia and insufficient light energy, respectively. Furthermore, low-temperature chilling injury slows growth and increases physiological disorders. Collectively, these factors lead to yield reduction and diminish farmer income. According to the specific characteristics of different types of unnoticeable natural hazards, the technical measures for preventing or reducing the agricultural unnoticeable natural hazards were put forward, aiming at providing reference for high and stable yield of maize. Through scientific management and countermeasures, the adverse effects on maize production can be effectively mitigated, and both yield and quality can be enhanced.

Key words: maize, unnoticeable natural hazard, maize production, effect, countermeasures