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农学学报

农学学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 15 ›› Issue (8): 47-52.doi: 10.11923/j.issn.2095-4050.cjas2024-0107

• 土壤肥料 资源环境 生态 • 上一篇    下一篇

有机肥替代化肥对云南绥江雪茄烟叶生长和产质量的影响

王兴福(), 杨军章, 禹智, 徐章强, 罗鸣()   

  1. 云南省烟草公司昭通市公司，云南昭通 657000
  • 收稿日期:2024-05-28 修回日期:2024-11-15 出版日期:2025-08-18 发布日期:2025-08-18
  • 通讯作者:
    罗鸣，男，1985年出生，云南绥江人，政工师，学士。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市绥江县中城镇兴汶路13号 绥江县烟草专卖局（分公司），E-mail：。
  • 作者简介:

    王兴福，男，1997年出生，云南会泽人，助理农艺师，学士。通信地址：657000 云南省昭通市绥江县中城镇兴汶路13号 绥江县烟草专卖局（分公司），E-mail：。

  • 基金资助:
    云南省烟草公司昭通市公司科技项目“金沙江流域优质中式雪茄烟叶栽培和调制关键技术研究与应用”(ZT20235301002)

Effects of Organic Fertilizer Replacing Chemical Fertilizer on Growth, Yield and Quality of Cigar Leaf in Suijiang, Yunnan

WANG Xingfu(), YANG Junzhang, YU Zhi, XU Zhangqiang, LUO Ming()   

  1. Zhaotong Company of Yunnan Tobacco Corporation, Zhaotong Yunnan 657000
  • Received:2024-05-28 Revised:2024-11-15 Online:2025-08-18 Published:2025-08-18

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摘要：

本研究旨在探究雪茄烟叶生产中有机肥与化肥的合理配施比例，以‘云雪39号’为材料，在云南昭通市绥江县研究有机肥按比例替代化肥对雪茄烟叶外观质量、农艺性状、产质量、化学内在品质的影响。结果表明，有机肥替代化肥能够有效改善调制后雪茄烟叶的杂色度、油分、身份；雪茄烟株高、茎围、叶面积、叶面积指数随有机肥替代量的增加呈先上升后下降趋势，有机肥替代化肥40%能明显改善农艺性状；烟叶的产量和产值随着无机肥的减施量增加呈上升趋势，有机肥替代化肥20%、40%、60%产量分别较常规施肥增加了1.83%、8.2%、4.57%，产值分别增加了5.09%、13.6%、7.45%；随着有机肥替代化肥比例的增加，雪茄烟叶的总糖、总氮、水溶性氯、氧化钾、K/Cl、还原糖/总植物碱、总氮/植物总碱逐步趋向于国内外优质茄芯烟叶，其中有机肥替代40%化肥处理表现最明显。综上所述，雪茄烟叶栽培采用有机肥替代40%化肥可以有效改善烟叶品质，增加烟叶经济效益。

关键词: 雪茄烟叶, 有机肥替代化肥, 农艺性状, 经济效益, 内在品质

Abstract:

The paper aims to seek a reasonable ratio of organic and chemical fertilizers application for cigar tobacco production, so as to improve the quality of cigar tobacco. This study was carried out in Suijiang County, Zhaotong City, Yunnan Province. Using ‘Yunxue No.39’ as the material, the effects of replacing chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers proportionally on the appearance quality, agronomic traits, yield and quality and chemical intrinsic quality of cigar tobacco leaves were studied. The results indicated that the replacement of chemical fertilizers with organic fertilizers can effectively enhance the color, oil content, and quality of modulated cigar tobacco leaves; the height of the cigar tobacco plants, stem circumference, leaf area, and leaf area coefficient initially increased with the amount of organic fertilizer substitution, followed by a subsequent decline. Notably, substituting 40% of the chemical fertilizer with organic fertilizer significantly improved the agronomic traits; the yield and output value of cigar tobacco leaves increased with the reduction of inorganic fertilizers; compared with the conventional application of fertilizers, utilizing organic fertilizers to replace chemical fertilizers by 20%, 40% and 60% resulted in yield increases of 1.83%, 8.2% and 4.57%, respectively. Correspondingly, the output value increased by 5.09%, 13.6% and 7.45%, respectively, significantly increasing the economic benefits; with the increase of proportion of organic fertilizer replacing chemical fertilizer, the total sugar, total nitrogen, water-soluble chlorine, potassium oxide, K/Cl ratio, reducing sugar to total vegetative base ratio, and total nitrogen to total plant base ratio of cigar tobacco progressively aligned with those of high-quality domestic and foreign cigar filler leaves. Notably, the most significant improvements were observed when 40% of the chemical fertilizer was substituted with organic fertilizer. This practice not only enhances the quality of tobacco leaves but also boosts the economic benefits associated with tobacco cultivation. In summary, using organic fertilizer to replace 40% chemical fertilizer in cigar tobacco cultivation can effectively improve the quality and increase the economic benefits of tobacco.

Key words: cigar leaf, organic manure replacing chemical fertilizer, agronomic character, economic benefit, internal quality